This document discusses the applications of fluid mechanics principles in braking systems. It explains Pascal's Principle, which states that pressure changes exerted anywhere in a confined fluid are transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and container. The document uses the example of a hydraulic braking system to illustrate this principle, noting that increased pressure on the brake pedal is transmitted equally through the fluid to increase braking force at all wheels. Archimedes' Principle of buoyancy is also introduced. In closing, the document states that Pascal's Principle is important for automobile braking systems, which operate as closed hydraulic systems.

1. Presented By:- MECHANICAL WALE
ENGINEERING STUDIES
APPLICATIONS OF FLUID
MECHANICs

2. CASE STUDY 1:
FLUID MECHANICS IN
BRAKING SYSTEMS

3. Principles of Fluid
Mechanics

4. Pascal's Principle
"Pascal's Principle states that if the pressure at
any point in a liquid
that is enclosed and at rest, is changed, then the
pressure at all
"Pressure is described mathematically as a force
exerted over an area
(or P FA) and is measured N/mm2 or
Megapascals (MPa)"

5. •
•
"According to Pascal's Principle, a force applied to
a confined fluid is transmitted in all directions
throughout the fluid regardless of the shape of the
container.
Effectively this is shown in the system
depicted in the image below. If the input piston is
forced downwards, a pressure is created
throughput the fluid, which acts equally at right
angles to the surface in all parts of the system"

7. This is represented by rearranging the
pressure formula:
Because the pressure stayed the same in
the second cylinder (but
area was increased) a larger resultant
force was generated, including
P=F/A to F=P*A

8. Archimedes' Principle
•
•
Archimedes' Principle states that "when a
body is wholly or partially immersed in a
fluid, it is acted upon by an upthrust
which is equal to the weight of the fluid
displaced. This upthrust, or buoyancy,
acts through the centre of mass of the
displaced fluid.
The centre of mass is therefore referred
to as the centre of buoyancy"

9. Examples of the uses
of hydraulic principles
in braking systems

10. "Pascal's Principle is particularly important in
automobile braking systems.
Most automobile braking systems are closed
hydraulic systems working on Pascal's Principle"
"if we consider the car breaking system as closed
hydraulic system then we can apply Pascal's
Principle. The brake pedal is connected to the
master cylinder assembly under the bonnet.