APGAR SCORE
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The Apgar score is a system used to evaluate newborns on five criteria: heart rate, breathing effort, muscle tone, reflexes, and skin color. Scores are given on each criterion on a scale of 0-2 at one and five minutes after birth. The total score out of 10 indicates the baby's overall health, with lower scores potentially signifying need for extra care. Developed in 1952 by Dr. Virginia Apgar, it provides doctors a quick way to assess a newborn's condition at birth.
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Assessment of newborn
The document provides information on assessing a newborn, including:
1. The objectives are to assess the newborn's development, wellbeing, and detect any deviations from normal. Assessments should be done within 2 hours of birth, before discharge, and at 6-8 weeks.
2. The assessment includes checking vital signs, measuring height, head circumference, chest circumference, and weight. The physical exam evaluates the skin, head, eyes, ears, mouth, neck, chest, abdomen, umbilical cord, back, genitals, and extremities.
3. Neonatal reflexes like sucking, rooting, Moro, and Babinski are also assessed to evaluate neurological development
Essential new born care
This document provides information on essential newborn care. It discusses the meaning of newborn care as a comprehensive strategy to improve health in the first 28 days after birth. The purpose is early detection of problems, helping the mother meet the baby's basic needs like breastfeeding and warmth, and educating the mother. Components include preparing the labor room, immediate newborn care, examinations in the first days and weeks, and educating the family. The summary describes some key aspects of immediate basic care for a newborn like drying, maintaining temperature, establishing breathing, identification, and administering vitamin K.
Neonatal resuscitation 1
This document outlines the key steps in neonatal resuscitation for newborns requiring assistance to begin breathing or transition to life outside the womb. It discusses factors that may increase the need for resuscitation, important equipment, assessing the newborn using the APGAR score, and the steps of providing warmth, clearing the airway, breathing support, and circulation support like chest compressions or medications if needed. Effective resuscitation in the critical first minute after birth can prevent many newborn deaths from asphyxia globally each year.
Newborn assessment
The document provides information on neonatal assessment. It discusses the purposes of newborn assessment including understanding well-being, detecting disease early, and determining needed treatment. It outlines the different phases of assessment including initial, transitional, and assessment of gestational age and systems. The initial assessment involves Apgar scoring. The document details the process for physical examinations of various body systems and measurements. Key reflexes of newborns are also outlined.
Paladai feeding
This document provides guidelines for spoon or paladai feeding for newborns who are unable to breastfeed directly. It indicates that this feeding method can be used for small or premature babies with good swallowing reflexes but poor sucking reflexes. The document outlines the procedure for spoon or paladai feeding, including preparing the necessary items, holding and positioning the baby, slowly feeding small amounts while ensuring swallowing, and post-feeding care steps. It notes advantages of this feeding method include reducing infection risks compared to bottle feeding, while disadvantages include delaying development of sucking reflex and reducing bonding between mother and baby.
New born reflexes
A reflexes is an involuntary or automatic action that your body does in response to something without even to think about it.
Normally developing newborn should respond to certain stimuli with these reflexes.
seminar on normal newborn...
The document provides information about assessing and caring for a normal newborn infant. It defines a normal newborn, outlines objectives for understanding newborn characteristics and care, and describes how to assess vital signs, measurements, physical characteristics including the skin, head, chest and extremities. It also details reflexes, physical and behavioral assessment using the Ballard score, and immediate newborn care processes such as clearing the airway, cord clamping and cutting, identification, and establishing breastfeeding. The goal is for learners to understand how to evaluate a newborn and provide appropriate initial care.
Immediate care of newborn
Immediate care involves: Drying the baby with warm towels or cloths, while being placed on the mother's abdomen or in her arms. This mother-child skin-to-skin contact is important to maintain the baby's temperature, encourage bonding and expose the baby to the mother's skin bacteria
Recommended
Assessment of newborn
The document provides information on assessing a newborn, including:
1. The objectives are to assess the newborn's development, wellbeing, and detect any deviations from normal. Assessments should be done within 2 hours of birth, before discharge, and at 6-8 weeks.
2. The assessment includes checking vital signs, measuring height, head circumference, chest circumference, and weight. The physical exam evaluates the skin, head, eyes, ears, mouth, neck, chest, abdomen, umbilical cord, back, genitals, and extremities.
3. Neonatal reflexes like sucking, rooting, Moro, and Babinski are also assessed to evaluate neurological development
Essential new born care
This document provides information on essential newborn care. It discusses the meaning of newborn care as a comprehensive strategy to improve health in the first 28 days after birth. The purpose is early detection of problems, helping the mother meet the baby's basic needs like breastfeeding and warmth, and educating the mother. Components include preparing the labor room, immediate newborn care, examinations in the first days and weeks, and educating the family. The summary describes some key aspects of immediate basic care for a newborn like drying, maintaining temperature, establishing breathing, identification, and administering vitamin K.
Neonatal resuscitation 1
This document outlines the key steps in neonatal resuscitation for newborns requiring assistance to begin breathing or transition to life outside the womb. It discusses factors that may increase the need for resuscitation, important equipment, assessing the newborn using the APGAR score, and the steps of providing warmth, clearing the airway, breathing support, and circulation support like chest compressions or medications if needed. Effective resuscitation in the critical first minute after birth can prevent many newborn deaths from asphyxia globally each year.
Newborn assessment
The document provides information on neonatal assessment. It discusses the purposes of newborn assessment including understanding well-being, detecting disease early, and determining needed treatment. It outlines the different phases of assessment including initial, transitional, and assessment of gestational age and systems. The initial assessment involves Apgar scoring. The document details the process for physical examinations of various body systems and measurements. Key reflexes of newborns are also outlined.
Paladai feeding
This document provides guidelines for spoon or paladai feeding for newborns who are unable to breastfeed directly. It indicates that this feeding method can be used for small or premature babies with good swallowing reflexes but poor sucking reflexes. The document outlines the procedure for spoon or paladai feeding, including preparing the necessary items, holding and positioning the baby, slowly feeding small amounts while ensuring swallowing, and post-feeding care steps. It notes advantages of this feeding method include reducing infection risks compared to bottle feeding, while disadvantages include delaying development of sucking reflex and reducing bonding between mother and baby.
New born reflexes
A reflexes is an involuntary or automatic action that your body does in response to something without even to think about it.
Normally developing newborn should respond to certain stimuli with these reflexes.
seminar on normal newborn...
The document provides information about assessing and caring for a normal newborn infant. It defines a normal newborn, outlines objectives for understanding newborn characteristics and care, and describes how to assess vital signs, measurements, physical characteristics including the skin, head, chest and extremities. It also details reflexes, physical and behavioral assessment using the Ballard score, and immediate newborn care processes such as clearing the airway, cord clamping and cutting, identification, and establishing breastfeeding. The goal is for learners to understand how to evaluate a newborn and provide appropriate initial care.
Immediate care of newborn
Immediate care involves: Drying the baby with warm towels or cloths, while being placed on the mother's abdomen or in her arms. This mother-child skin-to-skin contact is important to maintain the baby's temperature, encourage bonding and expose the baby to the mother's skin bacteria
Apgar score by rajeev
The document discusses the Apgar score, which is a quick assessment of a newborn's health. It was developed in 1952 by Dr. Virginia Apgar and is measured at one and five minutes after birth. The Apgar score rates five signs - appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration. Each sign is given a score of 0, 1, or 2. A higher total score indicates better adaptation to extrauterine life without requiring resuscitation. Factors like drugs given to the mother during labor can affect the Apgar score. The assessment helps identify babies needing immediate resuscitation and predicts survival in the neonatal period.
NEONATAL RESUSCITATION
Neonatal resuscitation is a series of actions to assist newborn babies having difficulty transitioning from intrauterine to extrauterine life. Approximately 10% of newborns require some assistance to begin breathing, while less than 1% require extensive resuscitation. The main goals are to initiate breathing, maintain adequate perfusion and cardiac output, and restore normal temperature. Essential equipment includes suction, bag and mask ventilation, intubation equipment and medications. The ABCs of neonatal resuscitation are maintenance of temperature, establishment of an open airway, initiation of breathing, and maintenance of circulation.
Neonatal assessment
This document outlines the components and process of neonatal assessment. It discusses the aims of assessment including identifying prenatal influences, potential problems, and needs for intervention. The components include history of the mother and baby, physical examination from head to toe, and potential investigations. The physical examination involves assessing vital signs, appearance, measurements, and neurological and physical systems. The goal is to detect any issues that may impact health and develop appropriate care plans.
Reflexes present at birth
This document summarizes various reflexes present at birth and during early childhood development. It describes general body reflexes like the moro reflex and startle reflex, as well as facial reflexes, oral reflexes, and other reflexes. It provides details on the onset and disappearance of each reflex, how they are elicited, and their significance. The document serves as a reference for understanding reflex development in infants and children.
Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and health benefits for infants. It involves the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from the female breast. The physiological basis of lactation involves four phases: preparation of breasts, synthesis and secretion from breast alveoli, ejection of milk, and maintenance of lactation. Breastfeeding has many advantages for both mother and infant, including improved immunity, nutrition, bonding, and reduced risk of various diseases. Contraindications to breastfeeding include certain medical conditions in the mother or infant. Common problems with breastfeeding include painful or engorged breasts which can often be addressed through proper positioning and feeding techniques.
POSTNATAL ASSESSMENT
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Preterm babies..............
This document discusses preterm and low birth weight infants. Key points include:
- Birth weight below 2,500g is considered low birth weight, which can be due to prematurity or restricted growth.
- Preterm infants are born before 38 weeks gestation and have increased risks due to anatomical and functional immaturity.
- Indian preterm rates are higher than Western countries. Prematurity is associated with numerous socioeconomic factors.
- Preterm infants require specialized care in the NICU to address physiological immaturity of organ systems and higher risks of complications like respiratory distress and infections.
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The document discusses under five clinics and well baby clinics. The main points are:
- Under five clinics and well baby clinics provide comprehensive healthcare like preventative services, treatment, and education to children under age 5/6 in a specialized facility.
- Services include growth monitoring, immunizations, nutrition support, treatment of illness, and health education to mothers on childcare and development.
- Healthcare personnel run the clinics, provide treatment, monitor children's growth, administer vaccinations, and educate mothers on child health issues.
- One of the most important services offered is providing routine immunizations to protect against diseases.
Apgar score
The Apgar score is a test given to newborns soon after birth. This test checks a baby's heart rate, muscle tone, and other signs to see if extra medical care or emergency care is needed. The test is usually given twice: once at 1 minute after birth, and again at 5 minutes after birth
Neonatal hypothermia
This document discusses neonatal hypothermia, including defining it as an axillary temperature below 36.5°C, identifying factors that cause heat loss in newborns like large surface area and inability to shiver thermogenesis. It describes methods to grade hypothermia severity from mild to severe and associated clinical features. Management involves rewarming techniques based on severity while preventing further heat loss. Complications are also outlined. The focus is on establishing a "warm chain" through various preventive measures from delivery to transportation to reduce neonatal hypothermia risk.
nursing management of premature babies
baby born before 37 weeks of gestation calculating from the first day of last menstural period is defined as preterm baby/ premature baby.
These babies are known as preemies
Immediate Nursing care of a newborn
This document discusses nursing care of newborns. It defines the neonatal period as the first 28 days after birth. Newborn care includes immediate care at birth such as ensuring warmth, clearing airways, clamping the umbilical cord, and initiating breastfeeding. Later newborn care in the postnatal ward focuses on maintaining warmth, observing for signs of illness, preventing infections, and providing parental education. Key elements of newborn care are establishing breathing, feeding, cord and eye care, and maintaining hygiene and skin care. The document also explains Apgar scoring, which assesses a newborn's condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.
Newborn assessment
This slide contain detail description of basic terminologies, neonatal (head to toe examination) assessment, neonatal reflexes, minor physiological handicaps of newborn
Neonatal resuscitation
Neonatal resuscitation is intervention provided to newborn babies who need help breathing or with circulation after birth. It involves clearing and drying the airway, maintaining body temperature, initiating breathing through tactile stimulation or positive pressure ventilation, and administering chest compressions and medications if needed to support circulation. Proper preparation includes anticipating need, having adequate equipment like a resuscitation table, masks, oxygen, and medications, and ensuring trained personnel are present. Ongoing assessment of breathing, heart rate, and color determine if further resuscitation measures are required.
express breastfeeding
This document provides information and instructions on expressing and storing breast milk. It discusses why a mother may need to express breast milk, such as to provide extra milk or feed with a bottle. It then describes the process of milk expression, including hand expression and using breast pumps. It emphasizes the importance of hygiene and provides guidelines for safely storing, thawing, and handling expressed breast milk. The overall goal is to support mothers in maintaining or increasing their milk supply through proper breast milk expression and storage techniques.
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High risk newborn
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Fourth stage of labor
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Antenatal care
Antenatal care involves regular checkups during pregnancy to monitor the health of the expectant mother and baby. The goals are to reduce mortality and morbidity, identify issues, and educate mothers. Checkups are usually every 4 weeks until 28 weeks, every 2 weeks until 36 weeks, and weekly until delivery. Appointments include health history, physical exam, lab tests, ultrasound, and health advice covering hygiene, nutrition, exercise, sleep, and danger signs. The overall aim is a healthy pregnancy and delivery.
Apgar score care of newborn ppt
The APGAR score is a system used to assess newborns one and five minutes after birth. It evaluates the baby's activity, pulse, grimace, appearance, and respiration on a scale of 0-2 for each category. A score of 7-10 is considered normal, 4-6 moderately abnormal, and 0-3 concerning as it requires increased intervention. The APGAR score provides a quick way for medical staff to communicate the condition of the newborn and determine if additional care is needed.
Apgar Score.pptx
The APGAR score is a method to quickly evaluate the health of newborn babies. It was created in 1952 by Dr. Virginia Apgar and assesses babies on five criteria: appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration. Scores are given from 0-2 on each criteria with higher scores indicating better health. APGAR scores are determined at one and five minutes after birth to evaluate how well babies are adapting outside the womb. While it is a useful guide, the APGAR score alone does not predict long-term health issues and should not be used to diagnose asphyxia without other evidence.
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Apgar score by rajeev
The document discusses the Apgar score, which is a quick assessment of a newborn's health. It was developed in 1952 by Dr. Virginia Apgar and is measured at one and five minutes after birth. The Apgar score rates five signs - appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration. Each sign is given a score of 0, 1, or 2. A higher total score indicates better adaptation to extrauterine life without requiring resuscitation. Factors like drugs given to the mother during labor can affect the Apgar score. The assessment helps identify babies needing immediate resuscitation and predicts survival in the neonatal period.
NEONATAL RESUSCITATION
Neonatal resuscitation is a series of actions to assist newborn babies having difficulty transitioning from intrauterine to extrauterine life. Approximately 10% of newborns require some assistance to begin breathing, while less than 1% require extensive resuscitation. The main goals are to initiate breathing, maintain adequate perfusion and cardiac output, and restore normal temperature. Essential equipment includes suction, bag and mask ventilation, intubation equipment and medications. The ABCs of neonatal resuscitation are maintenance of temperature, establishment of an open airway, initiation of breathing, and maintenance of circulation.
Neonatal assessment
This document outlines the components and process of neonatal assessment. It discusses the aims of assessment including identifying prenatal influences, potential problems, and needs for intervention. The components include history of the mother and baby, physical examination from head to toe, and potential investigations. The physical examination involves assessing vital signs, appearance, measurements, and neurological and physical systems. The goal is to detect any issues that may impact health and develop appropriate care plans.
Reflexes present at birth
This document summarizes various reflexes present at birth and during early childhood development. It describes general body reflexes like the moro reflex and startle reflex, as well as facial reflexes, oral reflexes, and other reflexes. It provides details on the onset and disappearance of each reflex, how they are elicited, and their significance. The document serves as a reference for understanding reflex development in infants and children.
Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and health benefits for infants. It involves the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from the female breast. The physiological basis of lactation involves four phases: preparation of breasts, synthesis and secretion from breast alveoli, ejection of milk, and maintenance of lactation. Breastfeeding has many advantages for both mother and infant, including improved immunity, nutrition, bonding, and reduced risk of various diseases. Contraindications to breastfeeding include certain medical conditions in the mother or infant. Common problems with breastfeeding include painful or engorged breasts which can often be addressed through proper positioning and feeding techniques.
POSTNATAL ASSESSMENT
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Preterm babies..............
This document discusses preterm and low birth weight infants. Key points include:
- Birth weight below 2,500g is considered low birth weight, which can be due to prematurity or restricted growth.
- Preterm infants are born before 38 weeks gestation and have increased risks due to anatomical and functional immaturity.
- Indian preterm rates are higher than Western countries. Prematurity is associated with numerous socioeconomic factors.
- Preterm infants require specialized care in the NICU to address physiological immaturity of organ systems and higher risks of complications like respiratory distress and infections.
- Growth, feeding tolerance, vital signs stability and weight gain are monitored as indicators of preterm infant health and readiness for
Under five clinic and well baby clinic
The document discusses under five clinics and well baby clinics. The main points are:
- Under five clinics and well baby clinics provide comprehensive healthcare like preventative services, treatment, and education to children under age 5/6 in a specialized facility.
- Services include growth monitoring, immunizations, nutrition support, treatment of illness, and health education to mothers on childcare and development.
- Healthcare personnel run the clinics, provide treatment, monitor children's growth, administer vaccinations, and educate mothers on child health issues.
- One of the most important services offered is providing routine immunizations to protect against diseases.
Apgar score
The Apgar score is a test given to newborns soon after birth. This test checks a baby's heart rate, muscle tone, and other signs to see if extra medical care or emergency care is needed. The test is usually given twice: once at 1 minute after birth, and again at 5 minutes after birth
Neonatal hypothermia
This document discusses neonatal hypothermia, including defining it as an axillary temperature below 36.5°C, identifying factors that cause heat loss in newborns like large surface area and inability to shiver thermogenesis. It describes methods to grade hypothermia severity from mild to severe and associated clinical features. Management involves rewarming techniques based on severity while preventing further heat loss. Complications are also outlined. The focus is on establishing a "warm chain" through various preventive measures from delivery to transportation to reduce neonatal hypothermia risk.
nursing management of premature babies
baby born before 37 weeks of gestation calculating from the first day of last menstural period is defined as preterm baby/ premature baby.
These babies are known as preemies
Immediate Nursing care of a newborn
This document discusses nursing care of newborns. It defines the neonatal period as the first 28 days after birth. Newborn care includes immediate care at birth such as ensuring warmth, clearing airways, clamping the umbilical cord, and initiating breastfeeding. Later newborn care in the postnatal ward focuses on maintaining warmth, observing for signs of illness, preventing infections, and providing parental education. Key elements of newborn care are establishing breathing, feeding, cord and eye care, and maintaining hygiene and skin care. The document also explains Apgar scoring, which assesses a newborn's condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.
Newborn assessment
This slide contain detail description of basic terminologies, neonatal (head to toe examination) assessment, neonatal reflexes, minor physiological handicaps of newborn
Neonatal resuscitation
Neonatal resuscitation is intervention provided to newborn babies who need help breathing or with circulation after birth. It involves clearing and drying the airway, maintaining body temperature, initiating breathing through tactile stimulation or positive pressure ventilation, and administering chest compressions and medications if needed to support circulation. Proper preparation includes anticipating need, having adequate equipment like a resuscitation table, masks, oxygen, and medications, and ensuring trained personnel are present. Ongoing assessment of breathing, heart rate, and color determine if further resuscitation measures are required.
express breastfeeding
This document provides information and instructions on expressing and storing breast milk. It discusses why a mother may need to express breast milk, such as to provide extra milk or feed with a bottle. It then describes the process of milk expression, including hand expression and using breast pumps. It emphasizes the importance of hygiene and provides guidelines for safely storing, thawing, and handling expressed breast milk. The overall goal is to support mothers in maintaining or increasing their milk supply through proper breast milk expression and storage techniques.
Health Education on Antenatal care
Health education on Antenatal care include definition,aim, objectives, registration, antenatal check up, immunization, iron & folic acid, diet, bowel care, cleanliness, clothing, shoes, dental care, care of breast, sleep, exercise, coitus, travel, smoking & alcohol, family support & dangers signs during pregnancy.
High risk newborn
This document discusses high risk newborns and their assessment and management. It defines a high risk newborn as any neonate with a greater than average chance of morbidity or mortality within the first 28 days. It classifies newborns according to size, gestational age, and mortality risk. It describes how to assess newborns based on general appearance, skin, head, respiratory, cardiovascular, abdominal, genitourinary, and neuromuscular characteristics. It outlines methods for temperature regulation, nutrition/fluid maintenance, testing/procedures, intravenous lines/tubes, special equipment, and special care for high risk newborns. It also discusses follow up schedules after discharge.
Minor disorders of puerperium
This document discusses minor disorders that may occur in newborns during the postpartum period. It defines minor disorders as non-life threatening conditions that can be effectively managed. The document then describes several common minor disorders such as stuffy nose, sticky eyes, jaundice, skin rashes, vomiting, engorge breast, diarrhea, neonatal constipation, urine retention, vaginal discharge, umbilical granuloma, and regurgitation. For each disorder, the document discusses symptoms, causes, and recommended treatment or management. The conclusion emphasizes that while these minor disorders should not be neglected, they can generally be effectively managed with proper nursing care and education.
Fourth stage of labor
Fourth stage of labor: The hour or two after delivery when the tone of the uterus is reestablished as the uterus contracts again, expelling any remaining contents. These contractions are hastened by breastfeeding, which stimulates production of the hormone oxytocin.
Antenatal care
Antenatal care involves regular checkups during pregnancy to monitor the health of the expectant mother and baby. The goals are to reduce mortality and morbidity, identify issues, and educate mothers. Checkups are usually every 4 weeks until 28 weeks, every 2 weeks until 36 weeks, and weekly until delivery. Appointments include health history, physical exam, lab tests, ultrasound, and health advice covering hygiene, nutrition, exercise, sleep, and danger signs. The overall aim is a healthy pregnancy and delivery.
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Apgar score care of newborn ppt
The APGAR score is a system used to assess newborns one and five minutes after birth. It evaluates the baby's activity, pulse, grimace, appearance, and respiration on a scale of 0-2 for each category. A score of 7-10 is considered normal, 4-6 moderately abnormal, and 0-3 concerning as it requires increased intervention. The APGAR score provides a quick way for medical staff to communicate the condition of the newborn and determine if additional care is needed.
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The APGAR score is a method to quickly evaluate the health of newborn babies. It was created in 1952 by Dr. Virginia Apgar and assesses babies on five criteria: appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration. Scores are given from 0-2 on each criteria with higher scores indicating better health. APGAR scores are determined at one and five minutes after birth to evaluate how well babies are adapting outside the womb. While it is a useful guide, the APGAR score alone does not predict long-term health issues and should not be used to diagnose asphyxia without other evidence.
Apgar scoring for newborns
The Apgar score is a method to quickly assess the health of newborn babies. It is measured at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth, and potentially again at 10 minutes. The score considers five factors: heart rate, breathing effort, muscle tone, skin color, and reflex response. Higher scores indicate healthier babies, while lower scores may require medical intervention or resuscitation. The Apgar score was developed in 1952 by Dr. Virginia Apgar to standardize the evaluation of newborns' condition after delivery.
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The document outlines a presentation on the Apgar score. The Apgar score is used to assess the health of newborn children and determine if medical care is needed. It evaluates five criteria: appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration. Scores of 7 or above are generally normal, 4-6 are fairly low, and 3 or below indicate critical conditions requiring resuscitation. Risk factors for low scores include preterm birth, defects, and sedation during labor. Prevention involves identifying determinants like prolonged labor. Management of low scores involves resuscitation and possibly hypothermia therapy.
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APGAR SCORE
- 1. Dr. Peteti Sairam, MPT (Neuro) Asst. professor
- 2. In the year 1952 ‘Dr. VIRGINIA APGAR’ created the system and used her name as a mnemonic for each of the five categories that a person will score. The Apgar score is a scoring system medical professionals use to assess newborns one minute and five minutes after they’re born. Medical professionals use this score to quickly relay the status of a newborn’s overall condition. Low Apgar scores may indicate the baby needs special care, such as extra help with their breathing.
- 3. The Apgar scoring system is divided into 5 categories. Each category receives a score of 0 to 2 points. A child will receive an overall score of 10. However, a baby rarely scores a 10 in the first few moments of life. This is because most babies have blue hands or feet immediately after birth.
- 4. 0 points: If muscles are loose and floppy. 1 point: If there is some muscle tone (limbs flexed). 2 points: If there is active motion.
- 5. 0 points- If there is no heartbeat. 1 point- If heart rate is less than 100 beats per minute. 2 points- If heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute. Heart rate is evaluated by stethoscope.
- 6. Grimace response or reflex irritability is a term describing response to stimulation, such as a mild pinch 0 points: If there is no reaction. 1 point: If there is grimacing. 2 points : If there is grimacing and a cough, sneeze, or vigorous cry.
- 7. 0 points- If the skin color is blue, bluish-gray, or pale all over. 1 point- If the body is pink and the extremities are blue. 2 points- If the entire body is pink.
- 8. 0 points: If the infant is not breathing or Absence of breathing 1 point: If the respirations are slow or irregular, weak crying 2 points: If the infant cries well cry.
- 9. At five minutes, the baby has ideally improved. If the score is very low after five minutes, the medical staff may reassess the score after 10 minutes. Doctors expect that some babies may have lower Apgar scores. These include: Premature babies Babies born via cesarean delivery Babies who had complicated deliveries