This document discusses screening, identification, and assessment of children for developmental delays or disabilities. It provides information on four main purposes of assessment: screening, diagnosis, program planning, and evaluation. Screening uses quick tests to identify children who may need further evaluation. Diagnosis involves comprehensive assessment to determine eligibility for early intervention. Program planning uses curriculum-based tests to identify skills and create education plans. Evaluation assesses progress on education plans and program effectiveness. The Apgar scale is described as a common screening tool used to quickly assess a newborn's health at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. Scores of 7-10 are typically normal while scores below 4 require immediate medical attention.

1. Screening,
Identification, and
Assessment

2. Screening,
Identification, and
Assessment
Assessment and Evaluation in early
childhood education are conducted for at
least four different purposes, with specific
tools for each.

3. SCREENING
quick, easy-to-administer
tests to identify children
who may have disability
DIAGNOSIS
In-depth, comprehensive
assessment of all major areas of
development to determine a
child’s eligibility for early
intervention.
PROGRAM
PLANNING
Curriculum-based, criterion-
referenced assessments to
determine a child’s current skill
level, identify IEP objectives and
intervention activities
EVALUATION
Curriculum-based, criterion
referenced measures to
determine progress on IFSP/IEP
objectives and evaluate program
effectiveness

4. • The purpose of screening is to detect
potentially fatal or disabling conditions in
newborns as early as possible, often before the
infant displays any signs or symptoms of a
disease or condition.
Why is it important?
• Some children’s disability are so significant that
no test is needed. The more severe a disability,
the earlier it is detected.
Can we detect disability at an early
age?
Where do screening takes place?
• Most children who experience developmental
delays are not identifiable by obvious physical
characteristics or behavioral patterns,
especially at a very young stages.

5. Screening Tools
 A screening tool is a checklist or questionnaire
used by professionals, such as nurses, teachers,
trained paraprofessionals and medical
professionals, in assessing developmental delays
in children
The Apgar Scale
 The Apgar Scale is a test given to newborns
soon after birth. This test checks a baby's heart
rate, muscle tone, and other signs to see if extra
medical care or emergency care is needed. The
test is usually given twice: once at 1 minute after
birth, and again at 5 minutes after birth.
Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respirat

6. The Apgar Scale
 Virginia Apgar (June 7, 1909 – August 7,
1974) was an American obstetrical
anesthesiologist, best known as the
inventor of the Apgar Score, a way to
quickly assess the health of a newborn
child immediately after birth.

7. What is a normal Apgar Score?
 The Apgar score is based on a total score of 1
to 10. The higher the score, the better the baby is
doing after birth. A score of 7, 8, or 9
is normal and is a sign that the newborn is in
good health
What are the five Apgar score?
• This scoring system provided a standardized
assessment for infants after delivery.
The Apgar score comprises five components:
1) color, 2) heart rate, 3) reflexes, 4) muscle
tone, and 5) respiration, each of which is
given a score of 0, 1, or 2.

8. What does an Apgar score of 4
mean?
 A normal Apgar score is 7 to 10 and means a
newborn is in good to excellent condition, usually
only requiring routine post-delivery care. ... Those
with an Apgar score under 4 are in poor condition
and need immediate medical attention.
What does an Apgar score of 4
mean?
 A normal Apgar score is 7 to 10 and means a
newborn is in good to excellent condition, usually
only requiring routine post-delivery care. ... Those
with an Apgar score under 4 are in poor condition
and need immediate medical attention.

9. The Apgar Evaluation Scale
60sec 5min
Heart Rate Absent
(0)
Less than 100
(1)
100 to 140
(2) 1 2
Respiratory
effort
Apneic
(0)
Shallow, irregular
(1)
Lusty cry and breathing
(2) 1 1
Response to
catheter and
stimulation
No response
(0)
Grimace
(1)
Cough or sneeze
(2) 1 2