The document outlines the APA citation style including guidelines on formatting, in-text citations, and referencing sources. It emphasizes the importance of proper citations to avoid plagiarism and to give credit for ideas and work. Additionally, it provides detailed instructions on how to structure papers, create a references page, and implement various citation formats.

1. APA Documentation Style

2.  “References” page, not “Works Cited” for bibliography
 Major focus on when works were published
 All material should be written in past tense
 Non-traditional capitalization for titles on references page
 Nothing is underlined
◦ Italics are used for titles of longer works
◦ “Quotation marks around titles of shorter works in-text.”

3. APA Format

4.  Times New Roman
 Size 12

5.  Line Spacing – Double
 Space Before – 0 pt
 Space After – 0 pt
 Click “Don’t add space
between paragraphs of
the same style.”

6.  Running Head
 Page Number
 Title of Paper
 Your First and Last Name
 Name of University
 Author’s Note

7.  Double-click the very top of the page.
 Click “Different First Page.”
 Change the font to Times New Roman, 12.
 Type “Running head:”
 Type the title in all capital letters.

8.  Still in the header, press the “Tab” button twice.
 In “Design,” click on “Page Number.”
 Hover over “Current Position.”
 Click “Plain Number.”

10.  Author Note is at the very
bottom of the page.
 Include:
◦ Course Name
◦ Section
◦ Professor’s Name

11.  Go to back to the header and change the font again to
Times New Roman, 12.
 Type the title in all caps without “Running head.”
 Insert the page number again.
 Include an “Abstract”, a paragraph overviewing what your
paper is about.

12.  Your paper will begin on the next page, page 3.
 Type the title at the top.
 Begin your paper.

13. Why Do We Need APA Citations?

14.  It’s ethical.
 It generates interest.
 It strengthens your argument.
 It helps others find your sources.

15.  Is taking credit for someone else’s
work/ideas.
 To avoid this, cite anything that doesn’t come
out of your own head.
 Anything that is not common knowledge
must be cited.

16. What to Cite

17.  Direct Quotes
 Paraphrases
 Theories or ideas unique to a specific author
 The specific argument of the author
 Facts
 Articles of studies quoted within your text
 Uncommon knowledge

18.  When the author has said it best
◦ When the wording is too specific or detailed to
reword
◦ When specialized language is used
 To illustrate the writing style of the author

19.  When focusing on the meaning rather than the
exact words
 To condense paragraphs into a sentence or two
 To show you understand what you’ve read

20. When Don’t I Have to Cite Sources?

21.  Proverbs, axioms, and common sayings
◦ Ex: “A day late and a dollar short.”
 Well-known quotes
◦ Ex: “The body politic.”
 Common knowledge
◦ Ex: George Washington was the first president of
the United States.

22. In-Text/Parenthetical Citations

23.  Direct Quotes
 Paraphrases
 Theories or ideas unique to a specific author
 The specific argument of the author
 Facts
 Articles of studies quoted within your text

24.  Direct Quotes
 Paraphrases
 Theories or ideas unique to a specific author
 The specific argument of the author
 Facts
 Articles of studies quoted within your text

25.  Put parenthesis around the author’s last name
◦ Ex: (Vlahos)
 Put the year after the author’s name, separated by a comma.
◦ Ex: (Vlahos, 2013)
 Put the page number after the date, separated by a comma.
◦ Ex: (Vlahos, 2013, p. 10).
 Put the period after the parenthesis.
◦ Ex: (Vlahos, 2013, p. 10).

26.  Two Authors
◦ Ex: (Davison & Newenhouse, 2014, p. 15).
 Three to Five Authors
◦ Identify all authors the first you cite in-text.
 Ex: (Jones, Rosenbrock, & Davison, 2012, p. 2).
◦ In later citations, use the first author’s name followed by “et
al.”
 Ex: (Jones et al., 2012, p. 2).

27.  Cite the article name with quotation marks inside
of the parenthesis.
◦ Ex: (“How to Cite APA”).
 Place a comma inside the quotes after the title,
then put the date and page number.
◦ Ex: (“How to Cite APA,” 2014, p. 4).

28.  APA requires page numbers for quotations,
summaries, and paraphrases, but when there is no
page number, use paragraph numbers of headings
to locate the specific passage.
◦ Ex: (Lynch, 2012, para. 6).
◦ Ex: Newenhouse (2013) pointed out that it is important to
cite sources correctly using APA (Correct Citations section,
para. 4).

29.  At the end of the sentence
◦ Ex: The Writing Center focuses on helping students learn
about the writing process (Davison, 2014, p. 3).
 In the sentence itself
◦ Mention the author in the sentence
◦ Put the date in parenthesis right after the author’s name.
◦ Put the page number at the end of the sentence.
 Ex: According to Jones et. al (2012), tutoring can also help
improve the tutor’s writing as well (p. 2).

30.  Not Dated
◦ Ex: n.d.
 Not Paginated
◦ Ex: n.p.
 These can be used in place of a date or page
number if they are missing.

31. Citing Indirect Sources and
Block Quotes

32.  Are quotes inside of someone else’s work
 Name the author who said the quote in the
same sentence as the quote
 In in-text citations, only cite the author of the
book or article containing the quote
◦ Ex: Davison claimed that “APA is easy”(as cited in
Newenhouse, 2011).

33.  Use when the quote is longer than 40 words.
 Make the quote its own separate paragraph within
the original paragraph.
 Place an additional 1” margin around it.
 Then continue the normal paragraph.

34. Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

35. Personal Communication and
Sacred Texts

36.  Personal interviews, letters, e-mails, and other
communications not published should be cited in
text only.
 They do not go on the reference page.
 Include the first initial and last name in the
parenthesis with personal communication and the
date.
◦ Ex: (J. Harrison, personal communication, January 1, 2014).

37.  Mention the text, version or edition used, and the
specific chapter, verse, or line referenced in text.
 Do not include the source on the reference page.
◦ Ex: (Isaiah 2:4, Revised Standard Version).
Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

38. References Page

39.  Click “Insert”
 Click “Page Break”
 This will start a
new page.

40.  Center the title.
 “References” if citing more than one reference.
 “Reference” if citing only one reference.
 Do not italicize or underline.

41.  Organize the sources in alphabetical order, double
spaced
Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

42.  Highlight your sources.
 Pull the bottom triangle on the ruler to the .5 mark.

43.  Only the first letter in the first word of the title is
capitalized.
◦ Ex: Teaching documentation styles
 The first letter in the subtitle (after the colon)
capitalized.
◦ Ex: Teaching documentation styles: Citing made easy
 All proper nouns (i.e., Christmas) are capitalized.
 All other words are lower case.

44.  Basic format
Last name, first initial. (Year Published). Title of
book. City of Publication, State: Publisher.
Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

45.  Book with an editor
Editor’s last name, first initial. (Eds.). (Year Published). Title of
book. (Edition number). City of Publication, State:
Publisher.
 Book with an author and editor
Author’s last name, first intial. (Year Published). Title of book.
(Name of editor(s).). Place of Publication: Publisher.
Examples from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

46.  Document from a website
Last name, first initial. (Year, month). Document title.
Retrieved from URL.
Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

47.  Section in a Web Document
Author. (Year). Title of section. In Title of web
document. Retrieved from URL.
Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

48.  Print
Last Name, first initial. (Year). Article title. Journal
Title, volume, page range.
Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

49.  Online
Last name, first initial. (Year). Article title. Journal
Title, volume, page range. DOI
 If there is no DOI, include the URL for the journal’s
home page.
Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

50.  Newspaper
Last name, first initial. (Year, month+day). Article title.
Newspaper title, page number.
 Magazine
Last name, first initial. (Year, month). Article title. Magazine
title, volume(issue), page range.
McKibben, B. (2007, October). Carbon’s new math.
National Geographic, 212(4), 32-37.
Examples from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

51.  Two to seven authors
Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

52.  Organization as author
◦ Some documents can be written by private organizations or
government agencies.
 Unknown author
◦ Begin the entry with the work’s title.
Example from http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/

53. Bedford St. Martin’s APA Style
http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/RES5e_ch09_o.ht
ml
American Psychological Association. (2009).
Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington,
DC: American Psychological Association.

54. Good Luck!