This document discusses methods for evaluating the performance of antiperspirants and deodorants. It describes three main methods: 1) visual methods using color indicators to detect sweat, 2) instrumental methods like hygrometry to measure sweating rates and thermography to detect changes in skin temperature, and 3) evaluating antiperspirant efficacy using a skin surface biopsy technique to remove and count aluminum salt plugs. It also discusses in vivo methods for deodorants like determining the effect on skin microflora and using sensory panels for olfactory assessment of odor changes.

1. DELHI PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ANTIPERSPIRANT & DEODORANT
PRESENTED BY :- PRESENTED TO :-
KUMARI SUPRIYA DR . SUSHMA TALEGAONKAR
M.PHARMA ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
COSMECEUTICS (2ND SEM)

2. ANTIPERSPIRANT
• DEFINE :- antiperspirants help to reduce the production of sweat. Aluminum salts – the
active ingredient found in antiperspirants – dissolve into the moisture on the skin’s
surface. This forms a gel, which temporarily sits on top of the sweat gland, reducing the
amount of sweat released.
• Antiperspirants that contain alcohol also help the active ingredient to dry faster and
create a pleasant, cool feeling.

3. METHODS OF EVALUATION FOR
PERFORMANCE OF ANTIPERSPIRANT
• VISUAL METHOD :- In this evaluation we use colorimetric technique Starch iodine
and other suitable indicators are used to produce coloured spots at the site of sweat
droplets and shows antiperspirant activity.
• INSTRUMENTAL METHOD :-
Hygrometry –to measure the rate of sweating , cylindrical sets are fixed to treated and
control sites on the back of subjects. ‘Ambient ’ air (38.5°c 35%rh) is drawn from warm
room and pumped into the cells at the rate of 150ml per min through twelve 1.5 mm
diameter holes situated concentrically in side the cells.
• The cells are held in close contact with the skin by 3 cm wide strips of elastic thus
preventing gross leakage. The outgoing air from each cell is directed through a
humidity sensor.

4. METHODS OF EVALUATION FOR PERFORMANCE
OF ANTIPERSPIRANT contd.
• The changes in capacitance of the sensor ( related to humidity changes ) are
electronically processes and amplified before being recorded directly as percentage
relative humidity.
The air flow rate (150 ml/min) was found to be sufficiently fast to prevent the
accumulation of liquid sweat on the test area.
• On entering the hot-room subjects were found to differ in their response to the thermal
stress applied mainly in that the time required for sweating to increase to a consistent
rate ranged from 10 to 30 min. The plateau values themselves varied from person to
person and from day to day for each person.

5. METHODS OF EVALUATION FOR
PERFORMANCE OF ANTIPERSPIRANT contd.
• THERMOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS :- Thermography is a technique of analyzing
the thermal characteristics of an object from its infrared image, captured through non
contact thermal imaging device. Infrared thermography allows us to see heat energy
radiated by objects (both cold and hot bodies emit this type of energy).
• A sweat rate equal to 50 mg/min from the axillary vault draws 120 J/min from the skin
surface to evaporate the sweat .When the room temperature is at or near skin
temperature radiation causes no heat loss or gain, thus all the heat generated by the body
should be lost by evaporation from the skin and lungs to maintain equilibrium. Under
these conditions the skin surface is the coldest part of the environment.

6. METHODS OF EVALUATION FOR
PERFORMANCE OF ANTIPERSPIRANT contd.
• Localized cooling of the skin by evaporation contributes to thermal regulation , therefore
it is reasonable to assume that there is less cooling of the skin over areas where an
effective antiperspirant has been applied , i.e. The skin temperature is higher.

7. METHODS OF EVALUATION FOR
PERFORMANCE OF ANTIPERSPIRANT contd.
• ANTIPERSPIRANT EFFICACY USING THE SKIN SURFACE BIOPSY
TECHNIQUE :-
• Place a drop of cyanoacrylate adhesive glue on a glass slide.
• Press the slide to the area of interest on the skin. Glue is allowed to polymerize for 90
seconds and then is carefully peeled from the test site to remove the aluminum salt plugs.
• A stain sensitive for aluminum is applied. Visualization and counting of aluminum
antiperspirant salt plugs is now possible using an optical microscope.

8. DEODORANT
• DEFINE :- A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent or mask (hide) body
odor due to bacterial breakdown of perspiration in the armpits, groin, and feet, and in
some cases vaginal secretions.

9. METHODS OF EVALUATION FOR
PERFORMANCE OF ANTIPERSPIRANT contd.
• IN VIVO METHOD :-
• Determination of the effect of treatment on the skin microflora .
• Techniques used – Tape stripping
Velvet replicate pads
Scrub technique
Pressurized spray method
• Olfactory assessment of the effects on skin odour .