pharmceutical analysis m.pharm advanced pharmaceutical cosmetic evaluation and analysis

1. KARNATAKA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SUBJECT :Cosmetic analysis and evaluation
SEMINAR ON: EVALUATION OF SHAMPOO, ANTIPERSPIRANTS ,DEODORANTS
PRESENTED TO:MRS. MANJU S V
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND ANALYSIS
KCP
PRESENTED BY: KAVANA BB ( M PHARMA II SEM )
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
KCP
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2. Shampoo
 A shampoo is a preparation of a surfactant (i.e. surface active
material) in a suitable form – liquid, solid or powder – which
when used under the specified conditions will remove surface
grease, dirt, and skin debris from the hair shaft and scalp without
adversely affecting the user.
Why Shampoos are needed???
 1. Completely remove dirt
 2. Protect the hair
 3. Soothe the scalp skin
 4. Treat dandruff, lice or other scalp problems
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3. How it work? 3

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5. Evaluation of shampoo
 Foam Stability:
Cylinder shake method is used for determining foaming ability.
50ml of the 1% shampoo solution is put in 250ml graduated
cylinder, cover the cylinder with hand and shake for 10 times.
The total volumes of the foam contents after 1 minute shaking is
recorded. The foam volume is calculated. Foam should retain for
atleast 5mins. Foam Stability = V2-V
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6.  Wetting Action
Canvas disk is used to determine wetting action. It is one
inch in diameter. It floats on the surface of a solution. The
time required for it to sink is measured accurately.
 Dirt Dispersion
Put two drops of shampoo in a large test tube. Add 10ml
dirt water and one drop of Indian Ink. Close the Test tube
and shake for 5min. Estimate the amount of Ink in the foam.
The dirt should stay in water portion.
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7.  Viscosity Determination
Brookfield Viscometer is used to determine viscosity of shampoos.
100ml of shampoo is taken in a beaker and spindle is dipped in it for
about 5min and then reading is taken.
Ostwald viscometer may be used for thinner shampoos.
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8.  pH Determination
Mix 1gram of shampoo with 9ml of water and determine the pH using pH
meter at 27o Celsius.
pH paper may be used to determine pH.
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9.  Evaluation of eye irritancy:
 The test calls for dropping 0.1 ml of liquid shampoo in the
conjunctiva sac of one eye of the rabbit , the other eye serving
as control.
 In the case of the first three animals, the treated eye remains
unwashed. Since washing the eye may or may not alleviate
symptoms of injury.
 The six remaining animals are divided into two equal groups.
 In the first of these groups eyes instilled with the substances are
washed with 20 ml of lukewarm water two seconds after
treatment and in the second group after instillation.
 Readings are then made at 24, 48 and 72 hr and again four and
seven days after treatment.
 If the lesions have not cleared up in seven days the test material
is considered as severe irritant.
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10.  Microbiological assay:
PREPARATION OF PRE-INOCULUM Take the loopful culture of
staphylococcus aureus aseptically and transfer to sterilized and
cooled 100 ml SCDM (broth).
Mix well. Incubate the broth at 37oC for 24 hrs.
PREPARATION OF MEDIA Soya bean casein digests medium, soya
bean casein digest agar and nutrient agar.
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11. PREPARATION OF POUR PLATES Sterilized SCD agar (100 ml) is cooled
to 40°C and mixed with 5 ml of 24 hrs. old pre inoculated culture.
 This is immediately poured in plates (340 ml each) and allows to set.
MAKING THE WELLS ON AGAR PLATES The wells are dig on agar plates
with sterilised well digger aseptically.
 Take 100µml of each sample, add to well aseptically. Incubate the
plates at 37oC for 24 hrs to 48 hrs.
 Observe the effectiveness of sample on culture growing on the agar
plate and we can see the effectiveness of sample in the form of zone of
inhibition around each well containing different sample.
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12. Deodorants
 A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to
prevent or mask body odor due to bacterial breakdown
of perspiration or vaginal secretions, for example in
the armpits, groin, or feet. A subclass of deodorants,
called antiperspirants, prevents sweating itself,
typically by blocking sweat glands.
 Antiperspirants are used on a wider range of body
parts, at any place where sweat would be inconvenient
or unsafe, since unwanted sweating can interfere with
comfort, vision, and grip (due to slipping).
 Other types of deodorant allow sweating but
prevent bacterial action on sweat, since human sweat
only has a noticeable smell when it is decomposed by
bacteria.
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13. Antiperspirants
An antiperspirants are preparations used for reducing perspiration,
usually containing aluminum or zirconium salts and used to
prevent body odor and clothing stains .
• They are readily available on the market as sprays
(aerosols),sticks, creams, roll-ons.
• Antiperspirants are different from that of deodorants,
Antiperspirants controls both sweat and body odor but
deodorants prevent only body odor(do not control flow of sweat).
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14. How it works ? 14

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16. Methods of evaluation
 There are 3 approaches for evaluating antiperspirant efficacy
1. visual
2. Instrumental
3. Gravimetric
Visualization methods: There are various techniques that use
starch-iodine or other suitable indicators which produce colored
spots at the site of sweat droplets.
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17.  INSTRUMENTAL METHODS: Instrumental methods employ
hygrometry, electrical conductance or impedance, and thermography
to evaluate the efficacy of antiperspirant products. These methods
are also considered screening tools and are not employed as typical
standard antiperspirant efficacy evaluation techniques .
 GRAVIMETRIC METHOD: Sweat collection is carried out in
controlled temperature rooms (98.2f and 35% rh).
 Sweat collections are made during two successive half an hour
period using tared absorbent pads
 A ratio sweat produced by right and left axillae is determined in
controlled conditions.
 The effect of antiperspirant material on the perspiration ratio of each
individual is determined by comparing the post treatment ratio with
the subject average ratio.
 Reduction in sweat rate (%)= post treatment ratio/average
concentration*100
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18.  HYGROMETRY: In this method cup is attached to the skin and water
from the enclosed area is evaporated by stream of dry gas.Water
content of the gas is monitored and sweat rate is calculated.
 INVITRO AND INVIVO METHOD: Two principle method for invivo
evaluation of antiperspirant efficiency are
1.Determination of the effect of treatment in skin microflora.
2. olfactory assessment of the effects on skin odor.
The different technique which are used to quantify microflora
A. Tape stripping
B. Velvet replicate pads
C. Scrub technique
D. Pressurized spray method
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19. Tape stripping
method
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20.  Atomic absorption spectroscopy:
Liquid sample -formation of droplets -fine residue formation of neutral
molecules-neutral atoms absorbs specific wavelength of radiation from
hallow cathode lamp -measurement of intensity of radiation absorbed by
the neutral atoms using a detect.
 ZINC
 Wavelength 213.9nm
 Bandpass 0.2nm
 Background correction D2
 Flame type Air-acetylene
 Fuel flow rate 1.2l/min
 Measurement time 4s
 Replicates 3s
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