10-Lecture of Pharmaceutical Microbiology-part 1.pdf
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Antimicrobial resistance occurs as microorganisms develop resistance to drugs used to treat them. It is caused by overuse of antibiotics for minor conditions, improper use of antibiotics, and lack of new drug development. Several bacteria have become resistant to multiple drugs, including MRSA, VRE, drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and CRE. To control resistance, antibiotics must only be used when needed, prescribed correctly, and not used to promote animal growth. Vaccination and handwashing can also help reduce overuse of antibiotics. Natural antibiotics like garlic, honey, and ginger may help treat some infections as well.
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Antibiotic resistance
In this slide the topic " Antibiotic/ Antimicrobial Resistance" is discussed as a presentation.
This will help you in your presentation work.
Presentation1.pptx
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve and develop the ability to survive exposure to antibiotics that were designed to kill them. This document discusses the causes of antibiotic resistance including overuse and misuse of antibiotics as well as their use in agriculture. It describes "superbugs" which are strains resistant to multiple antibiotics and outlines some of the most dangerous ones. Complications of antibiotic resistance include treatment failure and increased spread of resistant infections. Prevention strategies target appropriate antibiotic use by individuals, health professionals, and the healthcare industry.
Bacterial resistance against antibiotics and it’s prevention
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing problem caused by overuse and misuse of antibiotics. When bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, resistance can develop through mutations or by acquiring resistance genes from other bacteria. This makes treatments ineffective for infections that were previously treatable. To slow the development of resistance, it is important to only use antibiotics appropriately when needed, follow prescribed treatment plans fully, and prevent the spread of infections. Proper antibiotic stewardship among healthcare providers and the public can help ensure these drugs remain effective.
Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing health concern as many disease-causing bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites have developed resistance to existing drugs used to treat infections. Microbes develop resistance through natural evolution and selection pressures from overuse and misuse of antimicrobials. Inappropriate and unnecessary use in human medicine, agriculture, and a lack of new drug development are exacerbating the problem. New rapid diagnostics and antimicrobial stewardship are needed to help curb rising drug resistance.
Antibiotic resistance slideshare (BY- RICHA KRISHNA)( M.PHARMACY)
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
BY- RICHA KRISHNA
(M.PHARMACY)
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria.
principle of antimicrobial agents and antibiotics
This document discusses principles of antimicrobial agents and antibiotics. It defines antimicrobial agents and antibiotics, and outlines ideal qualities such as killing pathogens without harming the host. Antibiotics can be natural, derived from fungi or bacteria, or synthetic. Terms like bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and synergistic effects are explained. The document also covers antibiotic resistance, mechanisms by which it occurs, and risks that can lead to resistance. Consequences of antibiotic resistance and measures to combat it are described. Finally, antibiotics are classified based on their activity, spectrum, absorption, and mechanism of action.
ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE
Antibiotics have saved millions of lives but overuse and misuse has led to rising antibiotic resistance where bacteria evolve and become immune to existing drugs. Antibiotic resistance occurs through natural selection that favors resistant bacteria and spreads between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. It is a growing problem worldwide as some infections are becoming impossible to treat. To slow resistance, we must use antibiotics judiciously and responsibly only when needed, take the full prescribed dose, and develop new drugs.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to antibiotic use, making infections harder to treat. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become resistant. This leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased deaths. Antibiotic resistance threatens global health and can affect anyone, of any age, in any country. It occurs naturally but also because of misuse of antibiotics in humans and farm animals. This is making many infections like pneumonia, tuberculosis, and gonorrhea more difficult to treat.
Recommended
Antibiotic resistance
In this slide the topic " Antibiotic/ Antimicrobial Resistance" is discussed as a presentation.
This will help you in your presentation work.
Presentation1.pptx
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve and develop the ability to survive exposure to antibiotics that were designed to kill them. This document discusses the causes of antibiotic resistance including overuse and misuse of antibiotics as well as their use in agriculture. It describes "superbugs" which are strains resistant to multiple antibiotics and outlines some of the most dangerous ones. Complications of antibiotic resistance include treatment failure and increased spread of resistant infections. Prevention strategies target appropriate antibiotic use by individuals, health professionals, and the healthcare industry.
Bacterial resistance against antibiotics and it’s prevention
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing problem caused by overuse and misuse of antibiotics. When bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, resistance can develop through mutations or by acquiring resistance genes from other bacteria. This makes treatments ineffective for infections that were previously treatable. To slow the development of resistance, it is important to only use antibiotics appropriately when needed, follow prescribed treatment plans fully, and prevent the spread of infections. Proper antibiotic stewardship among healthcare providers and the public can help ensure these drugs remain effective.
Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing health concern as many disease-causing bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites have developed resistance to existing drugs used to treat infections. Microbes develop resistance through natural evolution and selection pressures from overuse and misuse of antimicrobials. Inappropriate and unnecessary use in human medicine, agriculture, and a lack of new drug development are exacerbating the problem. New rapid diagnostics and antimicrobial stewardship are needed to help curb rising drug resistance.
Antibiotic resistance slideshare (BY- RICHA KRISHNA)( M.PHARMACY)
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
BY- RICHA KRISHNA
(M.PHARMACY)
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria.
principle of antimicrobial agents and antibiotics
This document discusses principles of antimicrobial agents and antibiotics. It defines antimicrobial agents and antibiotics, and outlines ideal qualities such as killing pathogens without harming the host. Antibiotics can be natural, derived from fungi or bacteria, or synthetic. Terms like bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and synergistic effects are explained. The document also covers antibiotic resistance, mechanisms by which it occurs, and risks that can lead to resistance. Consequences of antibiotic resistance and measures to combat it are described. Finally, antibiotics are classified based on their activity, spectrum, absorption, and mechanism of action.
ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE
Antibiotics have saved millions of lives but overuse and misuse has led to rising antibiotic resistance where bacteria evolve and become immune to existing drugs. Antibiotic resistance occurs through natural selection that favors resistant bacteria and spreads between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. It is a growing problem worldwide as some infections are becoming impossible to treat. To slow resistance, we must use antibiotics judiciously and responsibly only when needed, take the full prescribed dose, and develop new drugs.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to antibiotic use, making infections harder to treat. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become resistant. This leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased deaths. Antibiotic resistance threatens global health and can affect anyone, of any age, in any country. It occurs naturally but also because of misuse of antibiotics in humans and farm animals. This is making many infections like pneumonia, tuberculosis, and gonorrhea more difficult to treat.
drugresistanceactivity-201223143521.pdf
Drug resistance occurs when microbes develop the ability to survive exposure to drugs like antibiotics that previously could kill them. It happens because of overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and livestock as well as lack of development of new drugs. This reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics and makes diseases harder to treat, increasing healthcare costs and risk of death. Key strategies to prevent further drug resistance include only using antibiotics when needed, always taking the full prescribed dose, and improving infection control and hygiene.
Drug resistance activity
Drug resistance occurs when microbes develop the ability to survive exposure to drugs that previously could kill them or limit their growth. It develops due to overuse of antibiotics in humans and livestock, as well as other factors like not completing drug treatment courses. Examples include MRSA and drug-resistant tuberculosis. To prevent further drug resistance, it is important to only use antibiotics when needed, always finish treatment, and develop new drugs.
Antibiotic resistance
This document discusses antibiotic resistance. It begins by introducing antibiotics and their mechanisms of action in treating bacterial infections. It then defines antibiotic resistance as occurring when bacteria change in response to antibiotics, making the antibiotics ineffective. The document outlines two ways bacteria become resistant: genetic mutation or acquiring resistance from other bacteria. It provides examples of "superbugs" like MRSA, VRSA, and VRE that have developed resistance. Finally, it notes that minimizing unnecessary antibiotic use can help reduce the spread of resistance.
Anti infectives fall 2011
The document provides an overview of pharmacology of antimicrobials including:
1. It classifies antimicrobials by the microorganism they affect such as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral drugs.
2. It discusses important concepts such as bacteriocidal vs. bacteriostatic effects, selective toxicity, and organism sensitivity.
3. It covers antimicrobial resistance including common mechanisms and factors that promote development of resistance.
Overuse & Misuse of Antibiotics
. Antibiotics are medicines that help stop infections caused by bacteria. They do this by killing the bacteria or by keeping them from copying themselves or reproducing. The word antibiotic means “against life.” Any drug that kills germs in your body is technically an antibiotic. But most people use the term ...
For more information, you can book an appointment at
Dr Sachdeva's Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute,
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
• Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
• Our Websites:
• www.sachdevadentalcare.com
• www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
• www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
• www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
• www.facialaestheticsdelhi.com
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• Facebook link: https://goo.gl/tui98A
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• Slideshare link : http://goo.gl/0HY6ep
• Twitter Page : https://goo.gl/tohkcI
• Instagram page : https://goo.gl/OOGVig
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve and adapt to antibiotics, making the drugs less effective at killing the bacteria. Many factors can contribute to the rise and spread of antibiotic resistance, including improper use of antibiotics in humans, agriculture, hospitals, and the environment. To address this growing problem, guidelines for antibiotic prescription and public awareness of appropriate antibiotic use need to be improved. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance patterns and infection control practices are also important for monitoring and containing the spread of resistant bacteria.
A report on Antibiotics
A brief description to antibiotic uses in chemistry.It includes almost every thing related to antibiotic chemistry
Antibiotics
Antibiotics have transformed medicine by providing treatments for bacterial infections that were previously untreatable. Before antibiotics, many deaths were caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pyogenes. Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928 led to the development of antibiotics that could kill bacteria. While antibiotics have saved many lives, their overuse and misuse has led to increased antibiotic resistance, which is now a major public health challenge. Proper antibiotic stewardship is needed to ensure these important drugs remain effective.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics have transformed medicine by providing treatments for bacterial infections that were previously untreatable. Before antibiotics, many deaths were caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pyogenes. Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928 led to the development of antibiotics that could kill bacteria. While antibiotics have saved many lives, their overuse and misuse has led to increased antibiotic resistance, which is now a major public health challenge. Proper antibiotic stewardship is needed to ensure these important drugs remain effective.
Antimicrobials Resistance, Antibiotics Handle With Care.pptx
Antimicrobials Resistance, Antibiotics Handle With Care.
A power point presentation on AMR by Pharmacist Mithun Samodder.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health and development threat. WHO has declared that AMR is one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity.
AMR is a complex problem that requires a united multisectoral approach. The One Health approach brings together multiple sectors and stakeholders engaged in human, terrestrial and aquatic animal and plant health, food and feed production and the environment to communicate and work together in the design and implementation of programmes, policies, legislation and research to attain better public health outcomes.
Antimicrobial-Resistance-A-Growing-Threat.pptx
Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites develop the ability to defeat drugs designed to kill them. This makes infections harder to treat and increases the risks of disease spread, severe illness and death. The overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in humans, animals and agriculture accelerates the development of resistant strains. Addressing antimicrobial resistance requires promoting appropriate antimicrobial use, improving infection control, investing in research and development, and promoting global collaboration.
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Antimicrobial agents
The document discusses various classes of antimicrobial agents including their classification, mechanisms of action, spectra of activity, and examples. It covers antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. It also addresses antimicrobial resistance, rational antibiotic usage, and combination therapy.
WHY THE ANTIBIOTICS ARE DANGEROUS TO OUR LIFE?
Antibiotics are commonly used but also contribute to growing antibiotic resistance, a major public health problem. When antibiotics become ineffective, infections are harder to treat and can lead to worse health outcomes like longer illnesses or death. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics, including taking incomplete courses or using them for viral infections, promotes the spread of resistant bacteria. Physicians should follow best practices like only prescribing antibiotics appropriately and narrowing treatment based on test results. Improving antibiotic stewardship through more responsible use can help reduce growing resistance and protect individuals as well as communities.
Presentation for Antibiotic Resistance
Alexander Fleming discovered antibiotics in 1928 when he noticed that a mold growing in one of his culture plates was preventing the growth of Staphylococcus bacteria. Antibiotics either kill bacteria or prevent their growth, but overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to many bacteria developing resistance. This includes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which is now a major threat in hospitals. Antibiotic resistance occurs due to overuse of antibiotics for unnecessary infections, incomplete use of antibiotic regimens, and use of non-prescribed antibiotics. Proper antibiotic stewardship including only taking antibiotics as prescribed for the intended infection can help reduce the spread of resistance.
Antibiotic resistance
The document summarizes a group presentation on antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction that defines antibiotic resistance and outlines the presentation topics. These include a brief history of antibiotics, factors contributing to resistance, examples of resistant bacteria, and mechanisms of resistance. It then discusses the concerns of physicians regarding resistant infections and strategies for managing resistance, such as prudent antibiotic use, development of new drugs, and controlling spread. It concludes that human overuse of antibiotics has led to widespread resistance and that improved hygiene and isolation can help control spread.
Antibiotic resistance
Relative or complete lack of effect of antimicrobial agent against a previously susceptible microbe/pathogen.
It is an evolutionary principal that organism adopt genetically to change in their environment.
since the doubling time of bacteria can be as short as 20 mnt, there may be many generations in even a few hours, providing ample opportunity for evolutionary adaptation.
The phenomenon of resistance imposes serious constraints on the options available for the treatment of many bacterial infections.
The resistance to chemotherapeutic agents can also develop in protozoa, in multicellular parasites and in population of malignant cells.
Today there are different strains of S. aureus resistant to almost every form of antibiotic in use.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are medications that destroy or slow down bacterial growth. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. While antibiotics have helped treat bacterial infections, their overuse and misuse has led to increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This occurs as bacteria mutate and evolve in response to antibiotic use, becoming "superbugs" that are difficult or impossible to treat. Recent research focuses on developing new antibiotics and combination therapies to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance and ensure we continue to have effective treatments for bacterial infections.
Antibiotic Resistance Scenario in India
In India, bacteria that cause common infections, such as urinary tract and bloodstream infections, are becoming resistant to nearly all antibiotics. This resistance is due to a combination of factors: uncontrolled access to antibiotics, gaps in infection prevention and control (IPC) practices, and high rates of communicable diseases. Antibiotic resistance, or AR, is a serious problem throughout the country, and threatens to reduce the usefulness of antibiotics both in India and around the world.
Because of this emerging threat, India is committed to slowing the spread of AR. Two institutions within India’s Ministry of Health – the Indian Council of Medical Research and National Centre for Disease Control – each developed national networks of public and private hospitals to measure AR trends, prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), and enhance appropriate use of antibiotics. The All India Institute of Medical Sciences is coordinating HAI measurement and prevention efforts in both networks. In addition, efforts in the state of Tamil Nadu focus on building district-level IPC capacity to prevent HAIs, focusing on maternal and neonatal patients.
The Indian Governamnet is is working closely with partners at the national and state level to:
Detect AR pathogens, including novel strains, by developing lab networks and lab expertise.
Use standardized surveillance to monitor and track AR infections in healthcare to learn how often these infections occur and to help develop strategies to prevent them.
Implement focused IPC activities and training.
Optimize use and reduce misuse of critical antibiotics through antibiotic stewardship programs.
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This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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drugresistanceactivity-201223143521.pdf
Drug resistance occurs when microbes develop the ability to survive exposure to drugs like antibiotics that previously could kill them. It happens because of overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and livestock as well as lack of development of new drugs. This reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics and makes diseases harder to treat, increasing healthcare costs and risk of death. Key strategies to prevent further drug resistance include only using antibiotics when needed, always taking the full prescribed dose, and improving infection control and hygiene.
Drug resistance activity
Drug resistance occurs when microbes develop the ability to survive exposure to drugs that previously could kill them or limit their growth. It develops due to overuse of antibiotics in humans and livestock, as well as other factors like not completing drug treatment courses. Examples include MRSA and drug-resistant tuberculosis. To prevent further drug resistance, it is important to only use antibiotics when needed, always finish treatment, and develop new drugs.
Antibiotic resistance
This document discusses antibiotic resistance. It begins by introducing antibiotics and their mechanisms of action in treating bacterial infections. It then defines antibiotic resistance as occurring when bacteria change in response to antibiotics, making the antibiotics ineffective. The document outlines two ways bacteria become resistant: genetic mutation or acquiring resistance from other bacteria. It provides examples of "superbugs" like MRSA, VRSA, and VRE that have developed resistance. Finally, it notes that minimizing unnecessary antibiotic use can help reduce the spread of resistance.
Anti infectives fall 2011
The document provides an overview of pharmacology of antimicrobials including:
1. It classifies antimicrobials by the microorganism they affect such as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral drugs.
2. It discusses important concepts such as bacteriocidal vs. bacteriostatic effects, selective toxicity, and organism sensitivity.
3. It covers antimicrobial resistance including common mechanisms and factors that promote development of resistance.
Overuse & Misuse of Antibiotics
. Antibiotics are medicines that help stop infections caused by bacteria. They do this by killing the bacteria or by keeping them from copying themselves or reproducing. The word antibiotic means “against life.” Any drug that kills germs in your body is technically an antibiotic. But most people use the term ...
For more information, you can book an appointment at
Dr Sachdeva's Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute,
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
• Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
• Our Websites:
• www.sachdevadentalcare.com
• www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
• www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
• www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
• www.facialaestheticsdelhi.com
• Google+ link: https://goo.gl/vqAmvr
• Facebook link: https://goo.gl/tui98A
• Youtube link: https://goo.gl/mk7jfm
• Linkedin link: https://goo.gl/PrPgpB
• Slideshare link : http://goo.gl/0HY6ep
• Twitter Page : https://goo.gl/tohkcI
• Instagram page : https://goo.gl/OOGVig
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Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve and adapt to antibiotics, making the drugs less effective at killing the bacteria. Many factors can contribute to the rise and spread of antibiotic resistance, including improper use of antibiotics in humans, agriculture, hospitals, and the environment. To address this growing problem, guidelines for antibiotic prescription and public awareness of appropriate antibiotic use need to be improved. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance patterns and infection control practices are also important for monitoring and containing the spread of resistant bacteria.
A report on Antibiotics
A brief description to antibiotic uses in chemistry.It includes almost every thing related to antibiotic chemistry
Antibiotics
Antibiotics have transformed medicine by providing treatments for bacterial infections that were previously untreatable. Before antibiotics, many deaths were caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pyogenes. Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928 led to the development of antibiotics that could kill bacteria. While antibiotics have saved many lives, their overuse and misuse has led to increased antibiotic resistance, which is now a major public health challenge. Proper antibiotic stewardship is needed to ensure these important drugs remain effective.
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Antibiotics have transformed medicine by providing treatments for bacterial infections that were previously untreatable. Before antibiotics, many deaths were caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pyogenes. Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928 led to the development of antibiotics that could kill bacteria. While antibiotics have saved many lives, their overuse and misuse has led to increased antibiotic resistance, which is now a major public health challenge. Proper antibiotic stewardship is needed to ensure these important drugs remain effective.
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health and development threat. WHO has declared that AMR is one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity.
AMR is a complex problem that requires a united multisectoral approach. The One Health approach brings together multiple sectors and stakeholders engaged in human, terrestrial and aquatic animal and plant health, food and feed production and the environment to communicate and work together in the design and implementation of programmes, policies, legislation and research to attain better public health outcomes.
Antimicrobial-Resistance-A-Growing-Threat.pptx
Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites develop the ability to defeat drugs designed to kill them. This makes infections harder to treat and increases the risks of disease spread, severe illness and death. The overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in humans, animals and agriculture accelerates the development of resistant strains. Addressing antimicrobial resistance requires promoting appropriate antimicrobial use, improving infection control, investing in research and development, and promoting global collaboration.
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The document discusses various classes of antimicrobial agents including their classification, mechanisms of action, spectra of activity, and examples. It covers antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. It also addresses antimicrobial resistance, rational antibiotic usage, and combination therapy.
WHY THE ANTIBIOTICS ARE DANGEROUS TO OUR LIFE?
Antibiotics are commonly used but also contribute to growing antibiotic resistance, a major public health problem. When antibiotics become ineffective, infections are harder to treat and can lead to worse health outcomes like longer illnesses or death. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics, including taking incomplete courses or using them for viral infections, promotes the spread of resistant bacteria. Physicians should follow best practices like only prescribing antibiotics appropriately and narrowing treatment based on test results. Improving antibiotic stewardship through more responsible use can help reduce growing resistance and protect individuals as well as communities.
Presentation for Antibiotic Resistance
Alexander Fleming discovered antibiotics in 1928 when he noticed that a mold growing in one of his culture plates was preventing the growth of Staphylococcus bacteria. Antibiotics either kill bacteria or prevent their growth, but overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to many bacteria developing resistance. This includes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which is now a major threat in hospitals. Antibiotic resistance occurs due to overuse of antibiotics for unnecessary infections, incomplete use of antibiotic regimens, and use of non-prescribed antibiotics. Proper antibiotic stewardship including only taking antibiotics as prescribed for the intended infection can help reduce the spread of resistance.
Antibiotic resistance
The document summarizes a group presentation on antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction that defines antibiotic resistance and outlines the presentation topics. These include a brief history of antibiotics, factors contributing to resistance, examples of resistant bacteria, and mechanisms of resistance. It then discusses the concerns of physicians regarding resistant infections and strategies for managing resistance, such as prudent antibiotic use, development of new drugs, and controlling spread. It concludes that human overuse of antibiotics has led to widespread resistance and that improved hygiene and isolation can help control spread.
Antibiotic resistance
Relative or complete lack of effect of antimicrobial agent against a previously susceptible microbe/pathogen.
It is an evolutionary principal that organism adopt genetically to change in their environment.
since the doubling time of bacteria can be as short as 20 mnt, there may be many generations in even a few hours, providing ample opportunity for evolutionary adaptation.
The phenomenon of resistance imposes serious constraints on the options available for the treatment of many bacterial infections.
The resistance to chemotherapeutic agents can also develop in protozoa, in multicellular parasites and in population of malignant cells.
Today there are different strains of S. aureus resistant to almost every form of antibiotic in use.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are medications that destroy or slow down bacterial growth. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. While antibiotics have helped treat bacterial infections, their overuse and misuse has led to increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This occurs as bacteria mutate and evolve in response to antibiotic use, becoming "superbugs" that are difficult or impossible to treat. Recent research focuses on developing new antibiotics and combination therapies to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance and ensure we continue to have effective treatments for bacterial infections.
Antibiotic Resistance Scenario in India
In India, bacteria that cause common infections, such as urinary tract and bloodstream infections, are becoming resistant to nearly all antibiotics. This resistance is due to a combination of factors: uncontrolled access to antibiotics, gaps in infection prevention and control (IPC) practices, and high rates of communicable diseases. Antibiotic resistance, or AR, is a serious problem throughout the country, and threatens to reduce the usefulness of antibiotics both in India and around the world.
Because of this emerging threat, India is committed to slowing the spread of AR. Two institutions within India’s Ministry of Health – the Indian Council of Medical Research and National Centre for Disease Control – each developed national networks of public and private hospitals to measure AR trends, prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), and enhance appropriate use of antibiotics. The All India Institute of Medical Sciences is coordinating HAI measurement and prevention efforts in both networks. In addition, efforts in the state of Tamil Nadu focus on building district-level IPC capacity to prevent HAIs, focusing on maternal and neonatal patients.
The Indian Governamnet is is working closely with partners at the national and state level to:
Detect AR pathogens, including novel strains, by developing lab networks and lab expertise.
Use standardized surveillance to monitor and track AR infections in healthcare to learn how often these infections occur and to help develop strategies to prevent them.
Implement focused IPC activities and training.
Optimize use and reduce misuse of critical antibiotics through antibiotic stewardship programs.
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STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
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This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
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Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
What are the different types of Dental implants.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
This quiz was conducted as a promotional event for the 2024 Annual Meet of Kerala Chapter of API.
More than 20 participants took part everyday !
acne vulgaris -Mpharm (2nd semester) Cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
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Regulatory Affairs
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acne vulgaris -Mpharm (2nd semester) Cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
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10-Lecture of Pharmaceutical Microbiology-part 1.pdf
- 2. Antimicrobial Resistance • Antimicrobial resistance is a natural process by which microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi and other pathogens) develop resistance to the drugs used to fight them.
- 4. What are the causes of antibiotic resistance? 1- Many infections are caused by viruses, so antibiotics are not effective. 2-Antibiotics are often unlikely to speed up the healing process and can cause side effects. 3- The more antibiotics are used to treat trivial conditions, the more likely they are to become ineffective for treating more serious conditions.
- 5. What are bacteria(Super bugs) that cause antimicrobial resistance? Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci. Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MDR Acinetobacter. ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae.
- 6. How to control antibiotic resistance? 1- Antibiotics must be taken correctly. 2- Antibiotics must be prescribed by healthcare professionals. 3- Antibiotics must be prescribed only when needed. 4- Antibiotics should not be used to promote growth or prevent diseases in healthy animals. 5-Vaccination is important to reduce antibiotic overuse. 6- Safe food preparations. 7- Hand washing.
- 7. Seven best natural antibiotics Garlic Honey ( has been used as an ointment that helps wounds to heal and prevents or draws out infection). Ginger Echinacea Goldenseal Clove Oregano
- 8. PREPARED BY DR. LINA JAMIL