This paper critically examines the behaviors regarded as antisocial. The causes of antisocial behaviors
with reference to factors such as: the nature of the home environment, gender, socio economic status of parents,
peer group influence, residential location. The paper further poses the effects of antisocial behavior. The
implications ofadolescents’ antisocial behaviors onnational development such as unattractive destination for
tourists, low foreign investment, unemployment, poverty and hunger, insecurity of life and poverty. Finally, the
paper recommends among others, parents and guardians should show love and care to their children and wards.
They should endeavor to monitor the type of image their children watch on television or video machines and effort
should be made to advise them against watching violent images, keep away from friends or peers whose behaviors
do not conform to the norms and values of the society.
Adilka Pimentel and Darian X - Make the Road NYyouth_nex
Part of the Youth-Nex Conference: Youth of Color Matter: Reducing Inequalities Through Positive Youth Development #YoCM15
Panel 4 - "Youth of Color as Agents of Change"
We are turning to the real experts for this session – civically and culturally-minded youth. Teens from Make the Road New York (MRNY) and Whatever It Takes (WIT) will speak truth to power in discussions of challenges and opportunities in their communities.
MRNY youth will discuss how they have organized around issues like police accountability, and teens from WIT will share their entrepreneurial approaches to addressing discrimination.
Noni K. Gaylord-Harden, Ph.D. - “Shifting the Narrative on Development in You...youth_nex
Noni K. Gaylord-Harden - Associate Professor of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago
Part of the Youth-Nex Conference: Youth of Color Matter: Reducing Inequalities Through Positive Youth Development #YoCM15
Panel 1 - "Culturally-Grounded Approaches to Positive Youth Development"
Cultural beliefs, traditions, and pride can play an integral role in promoting positive development for youth from ethnic minority backgrounds. In this panel, we will hear about connections between cultural values and healthy development for American Indian youth, culturally-linked coping strategies among African American teens, and the benefits of emphasizing cultural pride in natural mentoring relationships.
The document discusses the relationship between bullying, juvenile delinquency, and their causes. It states that low self-esteem, dysfunctional families, substance abuse, and observing criminal behavior can lead to both bullying and delinquency. Children who are bullied or who have incarcerated parents are also more likely to engage in delinquent acts due to mental health issues and a lack of positive role models. The document recommends addressing the issues through therapy, school counseling programs, and interventions that foster friendships and accountability.
A child who is nurtured with care grows positively, while neglect, wrong influences, or abuse can turn a child to delinquency. Children are also more vulnerable to criminal influences due to early exposure to media and expressing maturity. Juvenile delinquency refers to unlawful acts by those under 18 and has remained around 1.2% of total crimes over the past three years according to National Crime Records Bureau data. Factors contributing to juvenile delinquency include family issues like broken homes, environmental factors like living in disorganized neighborhoods, and school factors like association with deviant peers. Various approaches aim to support at-risk youth through opportunities and community involvement.
This document discusses juvenile delinquency in Jamaica. It defines juvenile delinquency as illegal acts committed by minors. The document examines juvenile delinquency as a social issue, how it is recognized in schools, existing measures to address it, and its implications for teachers and students. Suggestions to combat the problem include implementing safe school officers, effective parent-teacher associations, and workshops for students, parents and counselors. Statistics are presented from medical journals on youth violence and crime rates.
This document presents a proposal for a professional development advocacy plan called "YES, WE CAN" aimed at providing support and education to men with a history of domestic violence in Mauritius. The program would use an interactive group format to teach emotional intelligence and communication skills. It discusses the prevalence of domestic violence in Mauritius despite existing interventions. The proposal argues that current programs have not fully addressed the root causes of violence by examining male socialization and development from a young age. A developmental approach is needed to understand how boys are discouraged from emotional expression which may later manifest as domestic violence in intimate relationships as adults.
This document discusses youth delinquency in the Philippines. It defines delinquency as misbehavior that violates rules, customs, and traditions. It classifies delinquents as social, neurotic, asocial, or accidental. Common offenses committed by youth include stealing, truancy, vagrancy, and sexual aberration. Causes of delinquent behavior include social factors, personal problems, necessity, imitation, curiosity, ignorance, and disease. Important needs of youth are acceptance, security, independence, guidance, control, and love. Family-related issues like lack of harmony between parents and children can also contribute to delinquency.
Juvenile delinquency refers to illegal acts committed by minors. There are four major risk factors that contribute to juvenile crime: substance abuse, family issues, personal issues, and easy access to drugs. To prevent delinquency, a harmonious family environment, support and supervision from parents, and facilities/extracurricular activities at school are important. Curative efforts involve actions from police and legal authorities to address symptoms of delinquency, while empowering youth can prevent re-offending. Neglect, abandonment or abuse can push a child toward criminal acts despite their normal capacity for obedience and morality.
Adilka Pimentel and Darian X - Make the Road NYyouth_nex
Part of the Youth-Nex Conference: Youth of Color Matter: Reducing Inequalities Through Positive Youth Development #YoCM15
Panel 4 - "Youth of Color as Agents of Change"
We are turning to the real experts for this session – civically and culturally-minded youth. Teens from Make the Road New York (MRNY) and Whatever It Takes (WIT) will speak truth to power in discussions of challenges and opportunities in their communities.
MRNY youth will discuss how they have organized around issues like police accountability, and teens from WIT will share their entrepreneurial approaches to addressing discrimination.
Noni K. Gaylord-Harden, Ph.D. - “Shifting the Narrative on Development in You...youth_nex
Noni K. Gaylord-Harden - Associate Professor of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago
Part of the Youth-Nex Conference: Youth of Color Matter: Reducing Inequalities Through Positive Youth Development #YoCM15
Panel 1 - "Culturally-Grounded Approaches to Positive Youth Development"
Cultural beliefs, traditions, and pride can play an integral role in promoting positive development for youth from ethnic minority backgrounds. In this panel, we will hear about connections between cultural values and healthy development for American Indian youth, culturally-linked coping strategies among African American teens, and the benefits of emphasizing cultural pride in natural mentoring relationships.
The document discusses the relationship between bullying, juvenile delinquency, and their causes. It states that low self-esteem, dysfunctional families, substance abuse, and observing criminal behavior can lead to both bullying and delinquency. Children who are bullied or who have incarcerated parents are also more likely to engage in delinquent acts due to mental health issues and a lack of positive role models. The document recommends addressing the issues through therapy, school counseling programs, and interventions that foster friendships and accountability.
A child who is nurtured with care grows positively, while neglect, wrong influences, or abuse can turn a child to delinquency. Children are also more vulnerable to criminal influences due to early exposure to media and expressing maturity. Juvenile delinquency refers to unlawful acts by those under 18 and has remained around 1.2% of total crimes over the past three years according to National Crime Records Bureau data. Factors contributing to juvenile delinquency include family issues like broken homes, environmental factors like living in disorganized neighborhoods, and school factors like association with deviant peers. Various approaches aim to support at-risk youth through opportunities and community involvement.
This document discusses juvenile delinquency in Jamaica. It defines juvenile delinquency as illegal acts committed by minors. The document examines juvenile delinquency as a social issue, how it is recognized in schools, existing measures to address it, and its implications for teachers and students. Suggestions to combat the problem include implementing safe school officers, effective parent-teacher associations, and workshops for students, parents and counselors. Statistics are presented from medical journals on youth violence and crime rates.
This document presents a proposal for a professional development advocacy plan called "YES, WE CAN" aimed at providing support and education to men with a history of domestic violence in Mauritius. The program would use an interactive group format to teach emotional intelligence and communication skills. It discusses the prevalence of domestic violence in Mauritius despite existing interventions. The proposal argues that current programs have not fully addressed the root causes of violence by examining male socialization and development from a young age. A developmental approach is needed to understand how boys are discouraged from emotional expression which may later manifest as domestic violence in intimate relationships as adults.
This document discusses youth delinquency in the Philippines. It defines delinquency as misbehavior that violates rules, customs, and traditions. It classifies delinquents as social, neurotic, asocial, or accidental. Common offenses committed by youth include stealing, truancy, vagrancy, and sexual aberration. Causes of delinquent behavior include social factors, personal problems, necessity, imitation, curiosity, ignorance, and disease. Important needs of youth are acceptance, security, independence, guidance, control, and love. Family-related issues like lack of harmony between parents and children can also contribute to delinquency.
Juvenile delinquency refers to illegal acts committed by minors. There are four major risk factors that contribute to juvenile crime: substance abuse, family issues, personal issues, and easy access to drugs. To prevent delinquency, a harmonious family environment, support and supervision from parents, and facilities/extracurricular activities at school are important. Curative efforts involve actions from police and legal authorities to address symptoms of delinquency, while empowering youth can prevent re-offending. Neglect, abandonment or abuse can push a child toward criminal acts despite their normal capacity for obedience and morality.
This document discusses juvenile crime and delinquency in Bangladesh. It provides background data on the child population and laws regarding criminal responsibility and trials. It explores trends in approaches to juvenile crime, either imprisoning more young offenders or seeking alternatives to imprisonment. The document outlines the scope of topics to be discussed, including the meaning and incidence of juvenile crime, causes, treatment approaches, and variables related to delinquency. It examines factors like poverty, family issues, and peer influences that can contribute to criminal behavior in youth. The conclusion advocates for rehabilitation over punishment of juvenile offenders and creating a society that helps rather than penalizes troubled children.
Young people today face many challenges that can sometimes lead to criminal behavior. Juvenile crime includes offenses committed by minors under the age of 18 and common types are substance abuse, reckless behavior, sexual harassment, murder, and cyber crimes. Factors contributing to juvenile delinquency are peer pressure, lack of parental guidance, unemployment, substance addictions, and exposure to adult content online and in media. While young people have tremendous potential, they need proper support and education to stay on the right path for a secure future.
Juvenile delinquency refers to illegal acts committed by minors. It is a serious social problem that is often a result of rapid urbanization and industrialization. Children living in slums and cities are more vulnerable to juvenile delinquency. Some key causes of juvenile delinquency include internal factors like struggling with identity development and weak self-control during adolescence, as well as external factors like problematic family situations, unfavorable peers, and poor communities. Solutions involve helping teens develop a strong identity and self-control through role models, as well as improving family relationships and environments. Overall, juvenile delinquency is considered a crime in many countries and disproportionately affects those from poor educational and economic backgrounds.
The fall or collapse of moral values among teenagersBinti Rosli
Objectives:
• To see what triggers this epidemic (emphasizing on teenagers).
• To evaluate how many people have actually come to realize these changes.
This document discusses juvenile delinquency, including definitions, theories, and factors that may contribute to delinquent behavior in youth. It defines a juvenile as a person under 18 years old. Key points discussed include:
- Differential association theory proposes that delinquent behavior is learned through interactions with others who model criminal techniques and provide definitions favorable to law-breaking.
- Potential contributing factors include physical issues like malnutrition, mental health problems, unfavorable home/school/neighborhood conditions, and lack of structured activities.
- Understanding why a minor commits a crime is important to prevent future offenses by addressing underlying issues and building protective barriers during youth.
The document discusses cyberbullying and internet addiction. It defines cyberbullying as bullying using electronic means, such as posting rumors or personal information online. Victims may experience lower self-esteem or suicidal thoughts. The document also discusses definitions of cyberbullying, methods like social media and online gaming, laws around cyberbullying, and harmful effects on youth, including links to suicide in some cases.
Violencia y resiliencia en adolescentesguevarajimena
The document summarizes research on reducing adolescent violence through building resilience. It finds that exposure to multiple risks like abuse, family violence, and unsafe neighborhoods increases risk of adolescent violence. However, protective factors like supportive relationships, education, life skills and structured activities can build resilience. Interventions should address risk factors early through parenting programs, education, and economic opportunities. Community programs that shift social norms can also help by lowering emotional temperatures during conflicts.
This document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between family structure and bullying among 9-year-old children in Ireland. It analyzes data from over 8,000 children and finds that while 21% of parents reported their child being bullied, 40% of children reported being bullied themselves. It splits the data into groups of children who were bullied and not bullied, and uses non-parametric tests to determine if family structure has an effect on whether a child is bullied. The Kruskal-Wallis test results suggest that family structure does have an effect on a child being bullied.
The document summarizes characteristics of today's youth in India based on survey findings. It finds that the youth are [1] exploring new avenues beyond traditional ties by embracing both their culture and unconventional careers, and moving beyond just their lineage; [2] defined by role models from outside traditional fields who achieved success through grit and innovation rather than inheritance; [3] socially aware and interested in contributing to society through entrepreneurship rather than rebellion.
This presentation provides information on the causes of juvenile crime in Trinidad and Tobago, generally along the East / West corridor in the last ten years.
This document discusses social and educational problems in India. It begins by defining social problems as situations where community goals are not achieved due to difficulties in the system. People face issues like harassment, lack of good education, discrimination, and poverty. Educational problems refer to school dropout, stagnation, and wastage.
The document then focuses on analyzing the psychological aspects of some key social problems - poverty, drug addiction, and dowry. It explains the causes and consequences of poverty, like malnutrition, poor socialization patterns, effects on personality development and mental health. For drug addiction, it discusses risk factors like peer pressure, genetics, and maturity. It notes dowry was originally to help with marriage expenses but now burdens families.
- Gangs are typically defined as groups of 3 or more people who share an identity and engage in ongoing criminal activity. Gang members are often between 12-24 years old.
- Gangs are more prevalent in schools located in urban cities with populations from 100,000 to 1 million people, but gang problems affect communities of all sizes. Youth join gangs when family and school environments have failed them.
- Gang membership is usually short-term, with half to two-thirds of members only staying for a year or less. The race/ethnicity of gang members reflects the surrounding community.
- Gang violence occurs more frequently in heavily populated
The document discusses the impact of neglect on children. Neglect can have long-lasting detrimental effects on a child's ability to form relationships and their mental health. Children who experience neglect may exhibit behaviors like aggression, depression, low self-esteem, substance abuse and anxiety. They also have difficulty maintaining relationships as adults and are more likely to engage in behaviors like divorce. Recognizing and addressing neglect is important to help heal children who have experienced this form of abuse.
Anti Social Behavior, Prison Condition and the Development of Stable Personal...ijtsrd
This study was based on antisocial behaviour, prison conditions and their influence on the development of a stable identity among child prisoners, in other to investigate this aspect, it lead to the formation of items to investigate aspects of prison conditions and how they influence the formation of a stable identity of child prisoners. This therefore led to the formation of the research question anti social behaviours and prison conditions influence the building of a stable identity of child prisoners. From these, five objectives were generated from the following indicators, overcrowded nature of prisons, health care service, physical and sexual abuse, solitary confinement, and social support. A sample of 40 was used for the study from two prisons in the south west region of Cameroon and the purposive sampling techniques was used to select the participants. The instrument used for the collection of data was a questionnaire which composed of a likert scale section and an open ended section. And for this study a survey design was used and data was analysed using descriptive statistic, mean estimation and thematic analysis. Using the percentages of statistical data, Findings revealed that the overcrowded prisons, physical and sexual abuse, solitary confinement, and social support could all negatively influence the formation of stable identity among child prisoners while health care service could not be link directly to a negative effects. Lyonga Marlvin Njie | Joseph Lah Lo-ol "Anti-Social Behavior, Prison Condition and the Development of Stable Personality by Minor Prisoners" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31748.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/31748/antisocial-behavior-prison-condition-and-the-development-of-stable-personality-by-minor-prisoners/lyonga-marlvin-njie
Indsicipline among the youth, ways to curb it effect and causes.Emmanuel Hanson
Indiscipline among youth is a major problem with many causes and negative effects. Some key causes include lack of parental guidance, societal influences like corruption, bad peer groups, influence of mass media, and urban issues like drug use. Effects of youth indiscipline include lack of respect for authority, increased juvenile delinquency and criminal behavior, dropping out of school, teenage pregnancy, and children engaging in harmful income-generating activities. Solutions proposed include improving parenting techniques, emphasizing discipline and moral education in schools, community campaigns involving police and religious leaders, and providing guidance to at-risk youth.
Juvenile delinquency is caused by both social and personal factors. Social factors include broken homes, poverty, delinquency areas, bad companions/gangs, beggary, school dissatisfaction, and exposure to films/pornography. Personal factors include mental deficiency and emotional disturbances like inferiority complexes. Delinquency is defined as behavior that is socially unacceptable and violates laws. It is a complex issue with many contributing causes, and both social and legal perspectives are used to interpret it. Treatment of juvenile offenders focuses on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
This document discusses the issue of bullying among students. It defines different types of bullying such as cyberbullying, verbal bullying, and physical bullying. It notes that over 5 million American kids are bullied each year, with 160,000 staying home from school due to fears of bullying. The document also examines serious cases of bullying that have resulted in suicide. It stresses that everyone must work together to prevent bullying through anti-bullying programs, counseling, and policies to protect victims.
This document discusses juvenile delinquency in India. It defines juvenile delinquency as abnormal or antisocial behavior by juveniles below a specified statutory age. Some key characteristics of juvenile delinquency in India include higher rates among boys than girls, peak rates during early adolescence from 12-16 years old, more prevalence in urban than rural areas, involvement of children living with parents/guardians, and attribution to low educational and economic backgrounds. The document also discusses types, causes, and preventive programs for juvenile delinquency.
Causes of Juvenile Delinquency in the Higher Secondary School Studentsiosrjce
The present investigation aims at studying the contribution of the areas related to causes of juvenile
delinquency in higher secondary school students of Imphal West District of Manipur. From the results of the
research the causes of juvenile delinquency are-personal factors contribute the development of juvenile
delinquency, social factor also contributes the development of juvenile delinquency, psychological factors also
contribute the development of juvenile delinquency and academic factors also contribute to the development of
juvenile delinquency. The findings may help to improve the solution of the problems requires preventive as well
as curative measures of juvenile delinquency in our society
Family Instability and Juvenile Delinquency in Nigeria: A Study of Owerri Mun...iosrjce
The increasing rate of juvenile delinquency has become a major social problem globally and locally.
Researchers and concerned individuals have traced the preponderance of juvenile delinquency to the increasing
rate of family instability among other factors. However, concerted inquiries into the influence of family
instability on juvenile delinquency have resulted in a raging controversy. While some researchers have found a
significant relationship between family instability and juvenile delinquency, others have suggested otherwise.
Against this backdrop, this study set out to fill this yawning gap in literature and also to examine the
relationship between family instability and juvenile delinquency in Owerri Municipality. Using the multi-stage
sampling method, 510 senior secondary school students were selected for this study from 10 comprehensive
secondary schools in Owerri Municipality. The questionnaire and the interview guide were used for data
collection. 2 hypotheses were formulated to guide this study. The hypotheses were tested with the chi-square (x2
)
statistic. The results of the analyses have shown that children from unstable homes engage more in juvenile
delinquency than their counterparts from more stable homes. As expected, inadequate parental supervision
predicted delinquency. This study recommended among other things that Governments, counselors and
concerned agencies should routinely develop programmes aimed at sensitizing parents and care-givers on
parent roles and obligations
Environmental determinants of risky sexual behaviours among secondary school ...Alexander Decker
This study investigated environmental factors influencing risky sexual behaviors among secondary school
adolescents in Nigeria. The researchers surveyed 150 students about behaviors like unprotected sex and
watching pornography. Results showed these behaviors were common and influenced by friends' actions and
watching inappropriate media. Specifically, having friends engaged in risky sex had the strongest influence.
However, males and females reported similar influences. The researchers recommend educating adolescents on
sexual health and discouraging risky behaviors through counseling and informative materials. Overall, the study
found adolescents exhibit risky sexual behaviors influenced by their environment and peers.
This document discusses juvenile crime and delinquency in Bangladesh. It provides background data on the child population and laws regarding criminal responsibility and trials. It explores trends in approaches to juvenile crime, either imprisoning more young offenders or seeking alternatives to imprisonment. The document outlines the scope of topics to be discussed, including the meaning and incidence of juvenile crime, causes, treatment approaches, and variables related to delinquency. It examines factors like poverty, family issues, and peer influences that can contribute to criminal behavior in youth. The conclusion advocates for rehabilitation over punishment of juvenile offenders and creating a society that helps rather than penalizes troubled children.
Young people today face many challenges that can sometimes lead to criminal behavior. Juvenile crime includes offenses committed by minors under the age of 18 and common types are substance abuse, reckless behavior, sexual harassment, murder, and cyber crimes. Factors contributing to juvenile delinquency are peer pressure, lack of parental guidance, unemployment, substance addictions, and exposure to adult content online and in media. While young people have tremendous potential, they need proper support and education to stay on the right path for a secure future.
Juvenile delinquency refers to illegal acts committed by minors. It is a serious social problem that is often a result of rapid urbanization and industrialization. Children living in slums and cities are more vulnerable to juvenile delinquency. Some key causes of juvenile delinquency include internal factors like struggling with identity development and weak self-control during adolescence, as well as external factors like problematic family situations, unfavorable peers, and poor communities. Solutions involve helping teens develop a strong identity and self-control through role models, as well as improving family relationships and environments. Overall, juvenile delinquency is considered a crime in many countries and disproportionately affects those from poor educational and economic backgrounds.
The fall or collapse of moral values among teenagersBinti Rosli
Objectives:
• To see what triggers this epidemic (emphasizing on teenagers).
• To evaluate how many people have actually come to realize these changes.
This document discusses juvenile delinquency, including definitions, theories, and factors that may contribute to delinquent behavior in youth. It defines a juvenile as a person under 18 years old. Key points discussed include:
- Differential association theory proposes that delinquent behavior is learned through interactions with others who model criminal techniques and provide definitions favorable to law-breaking.
- Potential contributing factors include physical issues like malnutrition, mental health problems, unfavorable home/school/neighborhood conditions, and lack of structured activities.
- Understanding why a minor commits a crime is important to prevent future offenses by addressing underlying issues and building protective barriers during youth.
The document discusses cyberbullying and internet addiction. It defines cyberbullying as bullying using electronic means, such as posting rumors or personal information online. Victims may experience lower self-esteem or suicidal thoughts. The document also discusses definitions of cyberbullying, methods like social media and online gaming, laws around cyberbullying, and harmful effects on youth, including links to suicide in some cases.
Violencia y resiliencia en adolescentesguevarajimena
The document summarizes research on reducing adolescent violence through building resilience. It finds that exposure to multiple risks like abuse, family violence, and unsafe neighborhoods increases risk of adolescent violence. However, protective factors like supportive relationships, education, life skills and structured activities can build resilience. Interventions should address risk factors early through parenting programs, education, and economic opportunities. Community programs that shift social norms can also help by lowering emotional temperatures during conflicts.
This document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between family structure and bullying among 9-year-old children in Ireland. It analyzes data from over 8,000 children and finds that while 21% of parents reported their child being bullied, 40% of children reported being bullied themselves. It splits the data into groups of children who were bullied and not bullied, and uses non-parametric tests to determine if family structure has an effect on whether a child is bullied. The Kruskal-Wallis test results suggest that family structure does have an effect on a child being bullied.
The document summarizes characteristics of today's youth in India based on survey findings. It finds that the youth are [1] exploring new avenues beyond traditional ties by embracing both their culture and unconventional careers, and moving beyond just their lineage; [2] defined by role models from outside traditional fields who achieved success through grit and innovation rather than inheritance; [3] socially aware and interested in contributing to society through entrepreneurship rather than rebellion.
This presentation provides information on the causes of juvenile crime in Trinidad and Tobago, generally along the East / West corridor in the last ten years.
This document discusses social and educational problems in India. It begins by defining social problems as situations where community goals are not achieved due to difficulties in the system. People face issues like harassment, lack of good education, discrimination, and poverty. Educational problems refer to school dropout, stagnation, and wastage.
The document then focuses on analyzing the psychological aspects of some key social problems - poverty, drug addiction, and dowry. It explains the causes and consequences of poverty, like malnutrition, poor socialization patterns, effects on personality development and mental health. For drug addiction, it discusses risk factors like peer pressure, genetics, and maturity. It notes dowry was originally to help with marriage expenses but now burdens families.
- Gangs are typically defined as groups of 3 or more people who share an identity and engage in ongoing criminal activity. Gang members are often between 12-24 years old.
- Gangs are more prevalent in schools located in urban cities with populations from 100,000 to 1 million people, but gang problems affect communities of all sizes. Youth join gangs when family and school environments have failed them.
- Gang membership is usually short-term, with half to two-thirds of members only staying for a year or less. The race/ethnicity of gang members reflects the surrounding community.
- Gang violence occurs more frequently in heavily populated
The document discusses the impact of neglect on children. Neglect can have long-lasting detrimental effects on a child's ability to form relationships and their mental health. Children who experience neglect may exhibit behaviors like aggression, depression, low self-esteem, substance abuse and anxiety. They also have difficulty maintaining relationships as adults and are more likely to engage in behaviors like divorce. Recognizing and addressing neglect is important to help heal children who have experienced this form of abuse.
Anti Social Behavior, Prison Condition and the Development of Stable Personal...ijtsrd
This study was based on antisocial behaviour, prison conditions and their influence on the development of a stable identity among child prisoners, in other to investigate this aspect, it lead to the formation of items to investigate aspects of prison conditions and how they influence the formation of a stable identity of child prisoners. This therefore led to the formation of the research question anti social behaviours and prison conditions influence the building of a stable identity of child prisoners. From these, five objectives were generated from the following indicators, overcrowded nature of prisons, health care service, physical and sexual abuse, solitary confinement, and social support. A sample of 40 was used for the study from two prisons in the south west region of Cameroon and the purposive sampling techniques was used to select the participants. The instrument used for the collection of data was a questionnaire which composed of a likert scale section and an open ended section. And for this study a survey design was used and data was analysed using descriptive statistic, mean estimation and thematic analysis. Using the percentages of statistical data, Findings revealed that the overcrowded prisons, physical and sexual abuse, solitary confinement, and social support could all negatively influence the formation of stable identity among child prisoners while health care service could not be link directly to a negative effects. Lyonga Marlvin Njie | Joseph Lah Lo-ol "Anti-Social Behavior, Prison Condition and the Development of Stable Personality by Minor Prisoners" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31748.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/31748/antisocial-behavior-prison-condition-and-the-development-of-stable-personality-by-minor-prisoners/lyonga-marlvin-njie
Indsicipline among the youth, ways to curb it effect and causes.Emmanuel Hanson
Indiscipline among youth is a major problem with many causes and negative effects. Some key causes include lack of parental guidance, societal influences like corruption, bad peer groups, influence of mass media, and urban issues like drug use. Effects of youth indiscipline include lack of respect for authority, increased juvenile delinquency and criminal behavior, dropping out of school, teenage pregnancy, and children engaging in harmful income-generating activities. Solutions proposed include improving parenting techniques, emphasizing discipline and moral education in schools, community campaigns involving police and religious leaders, and providing guidance to at-risk youth.
Juvenile delinquency is caused by both social and personal factors. Social factors include broken homes, poverty, delinquency areas, bad companions/gangs, beggary, school dissatisfaction, and exposure to films/pornography. Personal factors include mental deficiency and emotional disturbances like inferiority complexes. Delinquency is defined as behavior that is socially unacceptable and violates laws. It is a complex issue with many contributing causes, and both social and legal perspectives are used to interpret it. Treatment of juvenile offenders focuses on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
This document discusses the issue of bullying among students. It defines different types of bullying such as cyberbullying, verbal bullying, and physical bullying. It notes that over 5 million American kids are bullied each year, with 160,000 staying home from school due to fears of bullying. The document also examines serious cases of bullying that have resulted in suicide. It stresses that everyone must work together to prevent bullying through anti-bullying programs, counseling, and policies to protect victims.
This document discusses juvenile delinquency in India. It defines juvenile delinquency as abnormal or antisocial behavior by juveniles below a specified statutory age. Some key characteristics of juvenile delinquency in India include higher rates among boys than girls, peak rates during early adolescence from 12-16 years old, more prevalence in urban than rural areas, involvement of children living with parents/guardians, and attribution to low educational and economic backgrounds. The document also discusses types, causes, and preventive programs for juvenile delinquency.
Causes of Juvenile Delinquency in the Higher Secondary School Studentsiosrjce
The present investigation aims at studying the contribution of the areas related to causes of juvenile
delinquency in higher secondary school students of Imphal West District of Manipur. From the results of the
research the causes of juvenile delinquency are-personal factors contribute the development of juvenile
delinquency, social factor also contributes the development of juvenile delinquency, psychological factors also
contribute the development of juvenile delinquency and academic factors also contribute to the development of
juvenile delinquency. The findings may help to improve the solution of the problems requires preventive as well
as curative measures of juvenile delinquency in our society
Family Instability and Juvenile Delinquency in Nigeria: A Study of Owerri Mun...iosrjce
The increasing rate of juvenile delinquency has become a major social problem globally and locally.
Researchers and concerned individuals have traced the preponderance of juvenile delinquency to the increasing
rate of family instability among other factors. However, concerted inquiries into the influence of family
instability on juvenile delinquency have resulted in a raging controversy. While some researchers have found a
significant relationship between family instability and juvenile delinquency, others have suggested otherwise.
Against this backdrop, this study set out to fill this yawning gap in literature and also to examine the
relationship between family instability and juvenile delinquency in Owerri Municipality. Using the multi-stage
sampling method, 510 senior secondary school students were selected for this study from 10 comprehensive
secondary schools in Owerri Municipality. The questionnaire and the interview guide were used for data
collection. 2 hypotheses were formulated to guide this study. The hypotheses were tested with the chi-square (x2
)
statistic. The results of the analyses have shown that children from unstable homes engage more in juvenile
delinquency than their counterparts from more stable homes. As expected, inadequate parental supervision
predicted delinquency. This study recommended among other things that Governments, counselors and
concerned agencies should routinely develop programmes aimed at sensitizing parents and care-givers on
parent roles and obligations
Environmental determinants of risky sexual behaviours among secondary school ...Alexander Decker
This study investigated environmental factors influencing risky sexual behaviors among secondary school
adolescents in Nigeria. The researchers surveyed 150 students about behaviors like unprotected sex and
watching pornography. Results showed these behaviors were common and influenced by friends' actions and
watching inappropriate media. Specifically, having friends engaged in risky sex had the strongest influence.
However, males and females reported similar influences. The researchers recommend educating adolescents on
sexual health and discouraging risky behaviors through counseling and informative materials. Overall, the study
found adolescents exhibit risky sexual behaviors influenced by their environment and peers.
This document discusses drug use and abuse among youth in Borno State, Nigeria. It begins by explaining that drug addiction is a complex brain disease that is difficult to quit, even for those who want to, due to changes in brain function from prolonged drug use. The paper then explores the negative impacts of drug use among Nigerian youth, such as health issues, lost productivity, and crime. It discusses how factors like peer pressure, lack of parental guidance, and unemployment can contribute to youth drug abuse. The document also provides background on how drugs affect the brain's reward system and notes that addiction is a relapsing condition where treatment may need to be adjusted over time. In summary, the paper examines the problem of rising drug abuse among
Effect of self management strategy on discriminatory behaviour against the gi...Alexander Decker
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Causes, Consequences and Remedies of Juvenile Delinquency in the Context of S...Premier Publishers
This research work was designed to examine nature of juvenile offences committed by juveniles, causes of juvenile delinquency, consequences of juvenile delinquency and remedies for juvenile delinquency in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa with specific reference to Eritrea. Left unchecked, juvenile delinquents on the streets engage in petty theft, take alcohol or drugs, rape women, rob people at night involve themselves in criminal gangs and threaten the public at night. To shed light on the problem of juvenile delinquency in the Sub-Saharan region data was collected through primary and secondary sources. A sample size of 70 juvenile delinquents was selected from among 112 juvenile delinquents in remand at the Asmara Juvenile Rehabilitation Center in the Eritrean capital. The study was carried out through coded self-administered questionnaires administered to a sample of 70 juvenile delinquents. The survey evidence indicates that the majority of the juvenile respondents come either from families constructed by unmarried couples or separated or divorced parents where largely the father is missing in the home or dead. The findings also indicate that children born out of wedlock, families led by single mothers, lack of fatherly role models, poor parental-child relationships and negative peer group influence as dominant causes of juvenile infractions. The implication is that broken and stressed families are highly likely to be the breeding grounds for juvenile delinquency. The survey evidence indicates that stealing, truancy or absenteeism from school, rowdy or unruly behavior at school, free-riding in public transportation, damaging the book of fellow students and beating other young persons are the most common forms of juvenile offenses. It is therefore, recommended that parents and guardians should exercise proper parental supervision and give adequate care to transmit positive societal values to children. In addition, the government, the police, prosecution and courts, non-government organizations, parents, teachers, religious leaders, education administrators and other stakeholders should develop a child justice system that strives to prevent children from entering deeper into the criminal justice process.
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I. INTRODUCTION
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Running head CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR1CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR8.docxjoellemurphey
Running head: CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 1
CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 8
How to Respond to Criminal Behavior among the Youth
Student’s Name
Institution
Introduction
Criminal behavior has been a major area of focus to most psychologists. This is especially due to the age old debate between nature and being well nurtured. It is the main responsibility of most parents to know the genetic makeup of their children, for the sake of responsible parenting and also, in order to determine the outcome of their behaviors and norms they chose to embrace. Research has been conducted regarding this debate for quite a while, and has proven that both genes and the general environment have a big role to play when it comes to the criminality of an individual(Levine, 2003). The behaviors adopted by children and the youth should be put into consideration, considering that this is what has an impact on the safety of the society and the nation at large. Poor upbringing for the youth hasa great role to play especially in determining the kind of negative behaviors they chose to embrace later in their lives. This paper shows the findings in research on aspects of criminal justice and at the same time, a presentation of the varying opinions on how to respond to criminal behavior among the youth.
Crime during the transition to adulthood
Transition from childhood to adulthood is a complexperiod especially for the youth. In most cases, it becomes difficult for the youth to engage in various systems and they tend to be more conscious of their aging. Whereas most of the youth gradually transform from childhood to adult hood, this is the major stage in life which should be taken more seriously and in most cases, be prioritized in the society (Florez, 2008). Families should give the youth a chance to express their views on different aspects. Through survey data, it was identified that more than 732 youth are transitioning from out of home care to adulthood across for major states.
Based on research aspects, offences committed are attributed to the youth in various countries. Foster youth, just like their peers, tend to engage in less crime over a period of time. Those who lack mentorship are more exposed to criminal elements and tend to participate more in criminal behavior (Ashford, 2009). However, foster youth also remain more prone to arrest just like their peers. The transition from childhood to adulthood should be well handled to ensure that children are raised in lawful environments and at the same time, are provided with basic resources and counseling to help them in the future.
Causes of criminal behavior among the youth
The youth are affected by violence. This includes all children especially between the ages of 12 and 16, who are more exposed to violence and are twice as likely as adults to be victims of such situations. Homicide is known to be the third leading cause of loss of life for people between the ages of 15 and 25. The increase in rates of rape, vic ...
Strategies for enhancing healthy sexual behaviour among secondary school adol...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated strategies for enhancing healthy sexual behavior among secondary school adolescents in Nigeria. The study found that unhealthy sexual behaviors led to increased rates of unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, deaths, and abortions. Strategies identified to promote healthy behaviors included providing sexual education during school assemblies, encouraging emulation of parents' healthy behaviors, discouraging viewing of pornographic films, and displaying information about the harms of unhealthy behaviors. There was no significant difference found between urban and rural adolescents' perceptions of the consequences of unhealthy sexual behaviors.
This document provides an overview of adolescence, including:
1) Adolescence involves significant physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes as individuals transition from childhood to adulthood. These changes include puberty and sexual maturation.
2) Views of adolescence have changed from seeing it as a period of "storm and stress" to a more balanced perspective recognizing both challenges and successful adaptation. Risk behaviors peak during adolescence due to biological and social factors.
3) In addition to sexual maturation, adolescents experience rapid physical growth, cognitive advances, and brain development during this period of transition to adulthood. The timing of these changes can impact social and emotional development.
A Study of Social Factors and Juvenile Delinquency.pdfJessica Navarro
This document summarizes research on factors contributing to juvenile delinquency. It discusses how economic decline, lack of family/social support, peer influence, and urbanization can push youth towards criminal behavior. It also outlines Matza's neutralization theory, which proposes that children may justify delinquent acts when they do not agree with their parents' norms. The document examines laws related to juveniles in conflict with the law in India, including classifying offenders and non-offenders and ensuring confidentiality for juveniles in the legal system.
Adolescence Offence and Social Responsibilities: Perspective Upper Class Boys...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Adolescence offence among upper-class boys remains shrouded in mystery. So scanty is our
knowledge of this group that a public image of the upper-class adolescent is non-existent, and neither the barest
trace nor suspicion is available of him as delinquent. Although the hard knot of delinquency (behavior that is apt
to try any public tolerance) is located in the bottom levels of the working class, limited studies (using selfreported techniques) have revealed delinquency throughout the class structure. But nothing is known about the
delinquency of boys who attend expensive private schools. The purpose of this paper is to study Bangladeshi
upper class adolescents’ involvement in different violent and criminal activities and their growing tendency to
commit acts of violence in high schools and the reasons behind them. This study therefore aims to provide such
data by attempting to understand the different influential factors that are closely related with the involvement of
adolescence offence in Bangladesh. This study is based on primary data of 200 upper class adolescents who are
involved in different criminal activities of Dhaka city, 40 parents, 30 secondary school teachers, 20 social
workers and on review of secondary literatures. After collecting the data they are transcribed, tabulated and
analyzed in terms of the research objectives. This study shows that parents’ detachment, low internet cost, social
media, reluctantness of law and enforcement agencies and friends’ influence play the most important role on
upper class adolescence offence. This study also recommends some ways to mitigate this problem.
KEY WORDS: adolescence, violence, social responsibility, mental health etc.
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1. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME)
e-ISSN: 2320–7388,p-ISSN: 2320–737X Volume 5, Issue 4 Ver. I (Jul - Aug. 2015), PP 31-36
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05413136 www.iosrjournals.org 31 | Page
Anti Social Behaviours Among Nigerian Adolescents
Dr. Nwanneka N. Ikediashi, Joseph A. Akande
Department Of Primary Education Studies Alvan Ikoku University Of Education Owerri, Imo State.
Department Of Educational Psychology Fct College Of Education Zuba Abuja
Abstract: This paper critically examines the behaviors regarded as antisocial. The causes of antisocial behaviors
with reference to factors such as: the nature of the home environment, gender, socio economic status of parents,
peer group influence, residential location. The paper further poses the effects of antisocial behavior. The
implications ofadolescents’ antisocial behaviors onnational development such as unattractive destination for
tourists, low foreign investment, unemployment, poverty and hunger, insecurity of life and poverty. Finally, the
paper recommends among others, parents and guardians should show love and care to their children and wards.
They should endeavor to monitor the type of image their children watch on television or video machines and effort
should be made to advise them against watching violent images, keep away from friends or peers whose behaviors
do not conform to the norms and values of the society.
I. Introduction
In modern times, there are varieties of behaviour exhibited by adolescent inNigeria which make right
thinking citizens wonder if our national values have been eroded, it is common to see youths bath one another with
acid while quarreling over trivial matters. Nigerians cannot forget in a hurry the activities of the Niger Delta
militants in the Niger Delta region that held sway between 2007-2011 in which a lot of pipelines carrying oil were
blown up and expatriate oil company workers and Nigerians alike were kidnapped. This period also witnessed
unparalleled arson and vandalism of private and public property and a lot of lives were lost. These atrocities were
perpetrated by adolescents as well as children.
Currently, just as the militancy in the Niger Delta region is dying down, the Boko Haram sect started
unleashing mayhem in the Northern region of the country. The senseless killing going on there makes one wonder
if there is a calculated attempt by the sect members to wipe out an entire generation of Nigerians. All these
despicable behaviours which are contrary to the norms and values of the society as perpetrated by the adolescents
as well as adult cohorts qualify as antisocial behaviour.
Antisocial behaviour, personality disorder or conduct disorder, a term synonymous with delinquency
was defined by Wachikwu and Ibegbunam (2012) as crimes committed by young people below the age of eighteen
years usually characterized by violation of existing social norms and values. It was defined by Mayer (2001) as a
recurrent violation of socially prescribed patterns of behaviour usually involving aggression, vandalism, rule
infractions, defiance of authority and violation of social norms. Similarly, antisocial behaviour was defined by
Hanrahan (2006) as a disruptive act characterized by covert or overt hostility and intentional aggression towards
others. It refers to an overall lack of adherence to the social norms and standards that allow members of a society
to coexist peacefully. Observation by Lahey (2003, p. 562) made the writer to describe people with conduct
disorder in the following words.
People with antisocial personalities have a low tolerance for frustration. They act on impulse, lose their
temper quickly, and lie easily and skillfully, in childhood, they are often bullies who fight lie, cheat, steal, and are
truant from school. They blame others for their misdeeds, feel Picked out by their parents and teachers, and never
seem to learn from their mistakes.
In this paper, antisocial behaviour, personality disorder, conduct disorder and delinquency are regarded as
synonymous and are used interchangeably.
Behaviours regarded as antisocial
There are no universally accepted behaviours that are regarded as antisocial as there are world-wide
variations in norms and values upon which antisocial behaviour definitions are based. For example,
homosexuality is an acceptable way of life in some countries such as England, USA, Canada and some other
western countries. In Nigeria, on the contrary, homosexuality is frowned at to such an extent that over 90% of
Nigerians regard it as a taboo (Ogala, 2011). It is hated by Christians, Muslims and traditional African religion
practitioners forbid it. In fact, a bill was recently passed by Nigerian parliament banning the same-sex marriage
and at the same time spelling out heavy penalties of 14 years imprisonment for defaulters and their collaborators
or death penalty in accordance with Sharia penal code in some northern states. However, based on the acceptable
societal norms and values in Nigeria as apply to adolescents, antisocial behaviours as listed by Wachikwu and
Ibegbunam (2012) include but not limited to lying, deceit, stealing, callousness, love for fighting and violence,
2. Anti Social Behaviours Among Nigerian Adolescents…
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05413136 www.iosrjournals.org 32 | Page
cruelty, promiscuity, aggression, bullying, confrontation and lack of respect for elders. Others are vindictiveness,
intractability, arson, counterfeiting, hostility, greed, forgery, thuggery, alcoholism, frequent running away from
home.
Causes of Antisocial Behaviour
There are some factors that have been thought to be responsible for the development of antisocial
behaviour in children. Some of these factors include:
(i) The Nature of the Home Environment
The nature of the home environment here refers to the affective aspect of the home environment in which
children are raised. Some children are nurtured in aversive, punitive, or violent environments while others are
nurtured in blissful environment with love, care, compassion and understanding. Children raised in aversive and
punitive environments are usually verbally abused, spanked and sometimes injuries are inflicted on them for any
perceived misconduct (real or imagined) by their primary caretakers. Again, the elderly siblings also mete out raw
treatment to the younger ones. Children raised in such home environments are physically and psychologically
traumatized. In such homes, all the children can see is hatred, quarrel, bitterness, hostility, violence, competition
and pains. They accept misdemeanor as a way of life and may have no qualms meting out this same treatment to
the weaker ones.
However, children nurtured in home environments where parents show love, care and tenderness to the
children are likely to develop pre-social personality traits and may hardly engage in risky behaviours.
Inconsistent parenting style swinging from excessive punishment to excessive leniency is capable of precipitating
antisocial behaviour in adolescents. At home or elsewhere, heavy exposure to uncensored media violence through
television, video, internet sites or even cartoons has long been associated with an increase in the likelihood that a
child becomes violent and behaves in an aggressive and antisocial manner (Hanrahan, 2006). In studies conducted
by Mayer (2001) and Wachikwu and Ibegbunam (2012), it was found that aversive and punitive home
environments promoted antisocial behaviours such as violence, vandalism and escape from home while majority
of children raised in loving and caring environments developed pre-social behaviours.
(ii) Gender
Gender has been implicated as a factor that has influence on the development of pre-social or antisocial
behaviour in adolescents. Sex stereo-type manifestation of antisocial behaviour traits is common in our society.
Boys by their very nature exhibit [More physical, verbal aggression and thuggery while antisocial behaviour in
girls is more subtle, indirect and relational involving harmful manipulation of others. Besides, there is more
involvement of boys than girls in such antisocial behaviours as stealing, kidnapping, rape, fighting and violence.
More girls than boys participate in such antisocial behaviours like prostitution, lesbianism, frequent running away
from home, hedonism, child theft and child trafficking. Antisocial personality disorder was diagnosed in
approximately 3% of male and 1% of female adolescent in the United State of America (American Psychiatric
Associate, 1998). American Psychiatric Association (1998) also asserted that the incident of conduct disorder
appeared to have increased in USA over the preceding decade and might be as high as 6 to 16% in males under 18
years and 2 to 9% in females under 18 years. Manie (1998) also reported that the likelihood of boys to develop
conduct disorder was four to eight times greater than for girls. However, Kazdin (1987) reported that conduct
disorder was more common among boys than girls and that sex differences further affected the age of onset of
conduct disorder. Girls tended to engage in conduct disorder starting between ages 14 and 16, whereas, many boys
engaged in conduct disorder at the age of 11 years.
(iii) Socio-Economic Status of Parents
Discussion on factors that contribute to the development of antisocial behaviour traits in adolescents
cannot be complete without mention of socio-economic status of parents. Some adolescents are nurtured in a state
of abject poverty while some others are brought up in affluent conditions. For those brought up in later condition,
life is good and there is no need to do anything that can endanger their lives. For those brought up in the former
condition, the reverse is the case as they have to struggle for survival. Chauhan (1990) observed that poverty of
parents make it impossible to fulfill the legitimate basic physiological needs could give rise to frustration which
could ultimately trigger off anger and general antisocial behaviour in adolescents. Nwankwo (2003) also noted
that children born into impoverished environments might take to socially unacceptable behaviours as a survival
strategy. Elliot and Ageton (1980) reported that antisocial behaviour was acute among adolescents with low
socio-economic background. Bacchini, Concetta and Afusso (2011) and Nwankwo, Nwoke, Chukwuocha,
Obbany, Nwoga, Iwuagwu and Okereke (2010) found that gender, parenting style, exposure to community
violence and parents socio-economic status were significantly associated with antisocial behavioursamong the
students.
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(iv) Peer Group Influence
Peer group association appears to exert influence on the behaviour of adolescents,. An adolescent who
belongs to a peer group whose members engage in antisocial activities such as under-age smoking, alcoholism,
pilfering, cultism, rape, prostitution and violence is most likely to imbibe these attitudes. Developmental theories
according to Monahan, Steinberg and Cauffman (2009), suggest that affiliation with deviant peers and
susceptibility to peer influence are important contributors to adolescent delinquency. Monahan et al. (2009)
conducted a longitudinal study of 1354 antisocial youths to investigate how individual variation in exposure to
deviant peers and resistance to peer influence affected antisocial behaviour manifestation from middle
adolescence into young adulthood (ages 14 to 22 years). They obtained evidence that antisocial individuals chose
to affiliate with deviant peers, and affiliating with deviant peers was associated with an individual's own
delinquency. Duarte, Escario and Molina (2011) found that there was existence of significant peer group
influences on the deviant behaviours of alcohol abuse and truancy.
(v) Residential Location
The impact of location or place of residence as one of the contributory factors in the development of
antisocial behaviour traits in adolescents cannot be over-emphasized Urban dwellers have diverse cultural and
ethnic backgrounds. Hence they tend to be more individualistic and often show less concern for the plight of
others (Berger, 2003). Cost of living in urban centers is comparatively higher than that of the rural areas and there
is more pressure on social amenities in urban centers compared to rural areas. The quest for money and material
things is more pronounced in urban centers than in rural areas. All these circumstances conspire to make crimes
and delinquent acts equally more pronounced in urban centers (Berger, 2003). Crime-ridden societies typified by
some Nigerian urban centers breed adolescents who engage in various forms of delinquency while notorious
criminal adults serve as models. In contrast, in rural areas, there are usually strong cultural and ethnic bonds
among the dwellers. In such places, adolescents are less emboldened to be violent. Berger (2003) reported that
adolescents resident in urban centers exhibit more anger-driven behaviours than those residents in rural areas,
adding that residential location significantly influenced such behaviours in adolescents.
Effects of Antisocial Behaviour
Though antisocial behaviour refers to conduct disorder perpetrated by young people below 18 years of
age (Wachikwu and Ibegbunam 2012). It has far-reaching consequences in Nigerian society at large. We must not
forget a line in the Poem (My Heart Leaps up) credited to Word worth William which says that the "child is father
to the man "or a line in Jim Thompson's novel (The filler inside me) which says that the "boy is father to the man"
(Language Forum), in either case, it meant that the personality, emotions, beliefs and attitudes of a person as an
adult are derived from those he had in childhood.
Alternatively, the quality of a person as an adult is determined from his quality as a child. For this reason,
signs of antisocial behaviour should be looked into with a view to recognizing their onset in children and taking
remedial action to rectify the maladies before they get out hand. It is believed that the consequences of conduct
disorder in adolescents are grave especially if no remedy is sought and found at the early stage of the manifestation
of the traits. There is a high rate of transition from antisocial behaviour in adolescents to adult criminal activities
(Hanrahan, 2006). Opinions are rife that successful adults who once exhibited adolescent antisocial behaviour
indulge in white collar crimes.
Longitudinal studies reported in Hanrahan (2006) revealed that as many as 71% of chronic juvenile
offenders had progressed from childhood antisocial behaviour through a history of early arrests to a pattern of
chronic law breaking in the United State of America.
Nigeria is one of the nations where crimes tend to pay. It is worthy of note that Niger Delta militants who
once terrorized people in the region, kidnapped, maimed and killed people, blow up oil wells and vandalized
pipelines carrying oil around 2007-2011 are being provided cash rewards after an amnesty has been granted to
them. Some of these ex-militants are in the pay role of politicians for doing their dirty jobs while some obtain
lucrative contracts to provide security services to oil companies operating in the region. One wonders if this is not
a motivating factor that gave rise to Boko Haram sect andterrorism in the Northern part of Nigeria. Some
Nigerians are accused of on All Qaeda membership and are facing trials in various courts around the world.
The business of kidnapping has assumed an alarming proportion in recent times inNigeria, it has permeated every
nook and cranny of our society. Even people in the South East of Nigeria have not been spared of the activities of
the kidnappers. Notable Igbo Sons and daughters (from whom they extorted appreciable some of money as
ransom) have fallen victims to them.
The digits 419 strikes fear in the mind of every enlightened Nigerian. This is the number of the decree
prohibiting obtaining money or material things by false pretense or what is popularly referred to as advance fee
fraud. Those who engaged in this fraud dupe people of their hard-earned money and created a terrible image for
the country. Just as the activities of this group of people are dying down, cyber crimes are succeeding in taking a
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hold in our national lives.
The inference that can be drawn from the foregoing is that most of the ex-militants from Niger Delta
region or elsewhere, most members of the Boko Haram sect, most of the political office holders who came to
power by foul means and most of the wealthy citizens who corruptly enriched themselves must have engaged in
one form of antisocial behaviour or the other in their adolescent years as the ultimate offshoot of antisocial
behaviour of adolescence is criminal activities in adulthood.
The Implications of Antisocial Behaviour among Adolescents on National Development
Antisocial behaviour in adolescents usually persist to a large extent and manifests in adult criminal
activities (Hanrahan, 2006). Hence, a high rate of antisocial behaviour among the adolescents gives rise to a
corresponding high rate of criminal activities. This probably explains the high crime wave prevalent in our society
in recent times as both adult and adolescent criminals through their nefarious activities create the following
unpalatable conditions in the country.
Unattractive destination for tourists:
Nigeria is hardly remembered in terms of tourist attraction despite her huge potentials in that regard.
There are tourist sites in many states of the federation including beaches, rocks and caves. These sites have failed
to attract tourists especially foreigners for fear of the menace of the criminals who must have passed through a
history of antisocial behaviours in their lives. Nigeria occupied unenviable positions in the Transparency
International Perception index which placed Nigeria as the 32nd most corruption country out of the 147 that were
assessed in 2007. This was an improvement over the 2005 and 2006 ratings which placed Nigeria as 3rd and 17th
most corrupt out of the 147 countries respectively (Olaguju, 2012). Nigeria rated 143 in 2011 and 139 in 2012 out
of 1176 countries surveyed by the Transparency International (Amy, 2012) With the activities of advanced fee
fraud operators or in Local parlance 419 fraudsters who have gone electronic in modern times, sending internet
mails to their would-be victims coupled with kidnapping of Nigerian and foreign nationals for ransom and reports
of corruption at high places, Nigeria's image has been battered. Consequently, periodic warnings are sent by high
commissions of American and European countries against traveling to Nigeria. These warnings are heeded to as
foreigners exclude Nigeria as their tourist destination. In one instance, a pilot recently flew into Abuja from US,
discharged his passengers and insisted on flying to Ghana to pass the night on interrogation, he confided in one of
the passengers that he would not like to pass the night in Nigeria for security reasons. This short story helps to
bring to fore the dilemma Nigerian tourism industry faces. Therefore, no tourists who value peace and wish to
enjoy peaceful and convivial holiday would like to visit Nigeria for that purpose. In this way, Nigerian tourism
industry remains largely under-developed and foreign exchange needed for development is hardly realized from
this sector.
Low foreign investment
Money has been likened to a coward who does not go where it is not safe (Merszie, 1998). Nigerian
nation in recent past witnessed a large scale vandalization of property of oil companies by the Niger Delta
militants most of them owned by foreigners. The vandalization is still going on today though at a limited scale.
The vandalization is usually perpetrated by adolescents with conduct disorder or adults who once engaged in
antisocial behaviour. In the present height of technology, the world is a global village where what happens in one
part of it is received in other parts within minutes. Investors are aware; of the spate of vandalism going on in the
country and so are afraid to invest their money. Even some established companies are beginning to scale down
their operations because of the activities of vandals.
Unemployment
Activities of criminals who once engaged in antisocial behaviours have contributed to reduction in
employment opportunities in the country. The corrupt individuals run around companies and embezzled money
meant to start up new business outfits or expand the existing ones and by so doing, they deny Nigerians
employment opportunities. Some private companies have folded over the years due to unhealthy business climate
occasioned by corrupt practices of those who exhibited antisocial behaviour in their adolescent years. Similarly,
vandalization of the property of some companies have resulted in scaling down their operations rater expansion,
thus, discouraging the establishment of new companies with attendant loss of jobs
Infrastructural Decay
One of the greatest problems faced by a society ridden with uncontrolled adolescents' antisocial
behaviours is "white collar crimes" such as falsification of figures in offices and during elections, inflation of
contract figures, bribery and kickbacks. Government officials at federal, state and local government levels across
the nation indulge in these acts. Huge sums of money are usually voted and paid out for projects that are either not
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executed or shoddily executed. The attendant consequences of this are that good roads are not constructed and the
existing ones are in a terrible state of disrepair constituting death traps. The hospitals and the equipment thereof
are in a deplorable state owing to neglect and diversion of money meant for developing health sector of our
economy. Hence, wealthy Nigerians have resorted to traveling abroad for treatment. Furthermore, most of our
higher institutions can best be described as glorified secondary schools. Every year, there is a huge budgetary
allocation to education sector. In practical terms, there is nothing on ground to justify these allocations. Again,
ghost workers syndrome has taken root in our national life, in all these, the money voted for infrastructural
development ends up in the pockets of government officials and their collaborators leaving the infrastructures in
ruin.
Poverty and Hunger
Despite the huge oil revenue of Nigeria, the country is rated among the poorest countries of the world.
The 2006 United Nations Human Development Index indicated that 70.8% of Nigerian citizens resident in the
country lived on less than one dollar and (UN1CEF Nigeria). With a very large proportion of unemployed youths
and high dependence ratio, undeveloped manufacturing sector of the economy, greed and embezzlement of funds
meant for developmental programmes that could impact positively on the lives of people there is massive poverty
and hunger in the land.
Insecurity of life and property
Nigeria has been witnessing unprecedented and deliberate spate of killings m recent times. On daily
basis, breaking news about the killings perpetrated by members of Boko Haram sect in the North. The intractable
killings in Jos, abduction and killing of innocent people everywhere, ritual killings and communal clashes among
differed communities have left destruction of lives and property as the aftermath.
II. Conclusion
Antisocial behaviour among the adolescents in Nigeria is a source of concern to right-thinking citizens.
The tendency for antisocial behaviour develop in children at tender age. If they are not checked at the onset, they
usually persist and manifest at adulthood as criminal tendencies. From the factors identified in this paper as causes
of anti- social behaviours, it is pertinent that some practical measures be taken to change the trend. Therefore,
necessary measures must be put in place to forestall the development of antisocial behaviour traits in adolescents.
Failure to do this can give rise to a large population of adolescents with this malady. If this happens the society
will be worse off as this group of adolescents transform to adults some day to unleash crimes and corruption to the
society. Then the unpleasant condition can trigger off chain reactions of low investment, infrastructural decay,
unemployment, insecurity of life and property, poverty and hunger.
III. Recommendations
The following recommendations are hereby made to forestall the development of anti-social behaviour among
Nigerian adolescents;
1. parents and guardians should show love and care to their children and wards. When there is a need to punish
a child for wrongdoing, the punishment must be mild and corrective rather than harsh and punitive. Excessive
punishment incommensurable with the offence committed should be avoided.
2. Parents must monitor the type of images their children watch on television or video machines and efforts
should be made to advice the children against watching violent images as these are capable of precipitating
violent behaviour in them.
3. Parents should also monitor the type of friends and peer groups of their children. The children should be
advised to keep away from friends or peers whose behaviours do not conform with the norms and values of
the society. When the behaviours of children conform to the acceptable code of conduct in a society, they will
develop into law-abiding adults who will contribute meaningfully for prosperous and blissful society where
peace will religion supreme.
4. Parents and guardians should provide their children with good example of acceptable behaviours in the
society by exhibiting and maintaining acceptable societal values and norms.
5. Recreation facilities should be adequately provided in schools to keep the adolescents productively engaged.
6. Effective and functional guidance and counselling services should be provided in all secondary schools to
prevent anti-social behaviours and also modify such behaviours where it exists.
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