This document discusses antimatter, including its definition as matter composed of antiparticles with opposite charge from normal matter. Antimatter annihilates with normal matter in a burst of energy. It was first theorized in 1928 and the antiproton was discovered in 1955. Antimatter is produced in high-energy particle collisions and can be artificially made using particle accelerators like CERN's Large Hadron Collider. It is extremely difficult and expensive to produce and store antimatter due to its tendency to annihilate. Potential applications of antimatter include medical treatments, fuels for advanced propulsion in space travel, and weapons if ever produced in large enough quantities.

1. Made By-
Ashish Jadhav

2. CONTENTS
 What is ANTIMATTER?
 History
 Production
 Preservation
 Cost
 Uses
 Facts

3. WHAT IS ANTIMATTER?
Antimatter is a material composed of
antiparticles which have the same mass
as particles of ordinary matter but have
opposite charges.

4. • Encounters between particles
and antiparticles lead to the
annihilation of both, giving
rise to varying proportions of
high-energy gamma rays.
Annihilation
• The end result of annihilation
is a release of energy
available to do in accordance
with the mass energy
equivalence equation,
E=mc2.

5. HISTORY
• The idea of antimatter was first given by
Arthur Schuster.
• Modern theory began in 1928 by Paul Dirac.
• The existence of the antiproton was experimentally
confirmed in 1955 by University of California,
Owen Chamberlain, for which he was awarded
the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physics.

6. PRODUCTION OF ANTIMATTER
• Antiparticles are created everywhere in the universe
where high-energy particle collisions take place.
• They may similarly be produced in regions like the
center of the Milky Way i.e. Sun (and other galaxies).
• Recent observations by European Space Agency explain
origin of a giant cloud of antimatter surrounding galactic
center.

7. Artificial Production
• Antimatter in the form of anti-atoms is one of the
most difficult materials to produce.
• Anti-particles are commonly produced by particle
accelerators.

8. Large Hadron Collider
• CERN built Large Hadron Collider (LHC) which
was completed in the year 2008.
• LHC lies in a tunnel 27 kilometers in
circumference and 175 meters deep.
• The LHC was built with the help of over 10000
scientists and engineers over a hundred countries,
universities and laboratories.
• In 1995, CERN announced that it had successfully
brought into existence NINE anti-hydrogen atoms.
• ON 26 April 2011, CERN announced that they had
trapped 309 anti-hydrogen atoms for about 17 minutes.

9. Large Hadron Collider
from the inside
Ariel view of the area
containing the LHC

10. PRESERVATION OF ANTIMATTER
• Antimatter cannot be stored in a container made
of ordinary matter as it annihilates after reacting
with any matter it touches.
• It can be contained by combination of electric and
magnetic fields, in a device called a PENNING TRAP.
• At high vacuum, the antimatter particles can be
trapped and cooled using magneto-optical trap.

11. The Penning Trap
for holding
Antimatter.
Interior of the
Penning Trap.

12. COST
• Scientists claim that antimatter is the costliest
material to make.
• In 1999, NASA figured $62.5 trillion per gram
of anti-hydrogen.
• In 2006, CERN estimated $250 million could
produce 10 milligrams of positrons.

13. USES OF ANTIMATTER
• MEDICAL
Antiprotons have also been shown within
laboratory experiments to have the
potential to treat certain cancers.

14. • FUELS
• Isolated and stored anti-matter could be used as a fuel
for inter-space or interstellar travel as part of an
antimatter rocketry such as redshift rocket.
• An antimatter fueled spacecraft would have a higher
thrust to weight ratio than a usual spacecraft.
• The energy per unit mass (9×1016 J/kg) is about 10
orders of magnitude greater than chemical energies,
and about 3 orders of magnitude greater than the
nuclear potential energy that can be liberated using
nuclear fission.

15. • WEAPONS
• Antimatter has been considered as a trigger
mechanism for nuclear weapons.
• However, the U.S. Air Force funded studies
of the physics of antimatter and began considering
its possible use in weapons, not just as a trigger,
but as the explosive itself.

16. FACTS ABOUT ANTIMATTER!
• The reaction of 1 kg of antimatter with
1 kg of matter would produce equivalent of
43 megatons of TNT – slightly less than
the yield of the 27,000 kg Tsar Bomb,
the largest thermonuclear weapon ever
detonated.
• 1gm of antimatter could provide electricity
to New York City for an entire day.
• ½ gram of antimatter would have the
explosive force of 20 Hiroshimas.

17. CONCLUSION
ANTIMATTER is the answer to all the future
needs of power generation and consumption.

18. THANK YOU