Anti arrhythmic drugs by hartik bhageriya
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Anti-arrhythmic drugs are defined as drugs used to treat disturbances in cardiac rhythm. They are classified as sodium channel blockers, beta blockers like atenolol and propranolol, or potassium channel blockers like sotalol. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that is absorbed orally and metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys. It reduces blood pressure, relieves angina, and slows AV conduction when used to treat hypertension, chest pain, and supraventricular tachycardia.
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Anti arrhythmic drug for B. Sc Nursing Students
Arrhythmia is an abnormality in the heart's rate, rhythm or impulse conduction. Various factors like hypoxia, ischemia or electrolyte imbalances can cause arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are classified based on their rate (tachy or brady), origin site (supraventricular or ventricular), and cardiac cycle. Antiarrhythmic drugs are classified based on their mechanism of action and include sodium channel blockers, beta blockers, potassium channel blockers, and calcium channel blockers. Quinidine, a class 1A drug, blocks sodium channels to stabilize cardiac membranes and treat arrhythmias, though it can cause side effects like diarrhea, nausea and hypotension.
Pharmacology antiarrhythmias
1. Arrhythmias occur when the heart beats too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm due to problems with the heart's electrical conduction system.
2. Several classes of antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat arrhythmias by blocking sodium, calcium, or potassium channels to suppress abnormal automaticity or conduction in the heart.
3. Common antiarrhythmic drugs include quinidine, mexiletine, flecainide, propranolol, amiodarone, dofetilide, verapamil and diltiazem. These drugs have different mechanisms of action and potential side effects like cardiac toxicity that require careful monitoring.
Anti arrhythmic drug
This document discusses arrhythmias and antiarrhythmic drugs. It defines arrhythmias as disturbances in heart rate, rhythm, impulse generation or conduction. Common causes include coronary artery disease, electrolyte imbalances, changes to the heart muscle, and injury from a heart attack. Antiarrhythmic drugs are classified based on their mechanisms of action, with Class I-IV drugs targeting sodium channels, beta receptors, potassium channels, and calcium channels respectively. Specific drugs discussed include quinidine, sotalol, verapamil, and their indications, mechanisms of action, and side effects. The document concludes by discussing proposals for future research on arrhythmias at the 2019 Gordon Research Conference.
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Hypertension is classified as mild, moderate or severe based on systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. It can be essential (idiopathic) where the cause is unknown or secondary where there is an identified cause. Beta blockers are commonly used to treat hypertension and are classified as non-selective or selective based on their receptor specificity. They work by reducing cardiac output and sympathetic nervous system activity. Propranolol is a non-selective beta blocker while metoprolol is a selective beta-1 receptor blocker.
Cardiovascular Drugs-Medicinal Chemistry MANIK
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Functioning and disease of the heart, arrhythmia, atheroma, ischemia, angina pectoris,
coronary thrombosis, myocardial infarction, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, hypertension and
congestive heart failure.
Introduction, classification, chemistry, mode of action, structure-activity relationship,
pharmacokineties, indications, contraindications, dose, adverse effects and drug interaction of
following individual class of drugs:
a) Cardiac glycosides.
b) Antihypertensives: -blockers, vasodilators, ca-channel blocking agents, ACE inhibitors.
c) Antiarrhythmic drugs.
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The document discusses several classes of drugs used to treat cardiovascular conditions. It describes the mechanisms of calcium channel blockers, diuretics, vasodilators, cardiac glycosides, alpha blockers, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs. Calcium channel blockers work by blocking calcium entry into cells to decrease contraction. Diuretics reduce fluid volume to decrease preload and workload on the heart. ACE inhibitors block angiotensin conversion to lower blood pressure.
Class antihypertensives
This document discusses various classes of antihypertensive drugs including beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics. It explains their mechanisms of action in lowering blood pressure by reducing cardiac output, peripheral resistance, or sodium retention. Some advantages and side effects are provided for each drug class. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its role in blood pressure regulation is also summarized.
Antihypertensives drugs
The document classifies drugs used to treat hypertension into 9 categories based on their mechanisms of action. These categories include drugs that act centrally, on autonomic ganglia, on postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings, on adrenergic receptors, directly on vascular smooth muscle, as potassium channel activators, by blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, oral diuretics, and miscellaneous drugs. Examples are provided for each category of antihypertensive drugs.
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Anti arrhythmic drug for B. Sc Nursing Students
Arrhythmia is an abnormality in the heart's rate, rhythm or impulse conduction. Various factors like hypoxia, ischemia or electrolyte imbalances can cause arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are classified based on their rate (tachy or brady), origin site (supraventricular or ventricular), and cardiac cycle. Antiarrhythmic drugs are classified based on their mechanism of action and include sodium channel blockers, beta blockers, potassium channel blockers, and calcium channel blockers. Quinidine, a class 1A drug, blocks sodium channels to stabilize cardiac membranes and treat arrhythmias, though it can cause side effects like diarrhea, nausea and hypotension.
Pharmacology antiarrhythmias
1. Arrhythmias occur when the heart beats too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm due to problems with the heart's electrical conduction system.
2. Several classes of antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat arrhythmias by blocking sodium, calcium, or potassium channels to suppress abnormal automaticity or conduction in the heart.
3. Common antiarrhythmic drugs include quinidine, mexiletine, flecainide, propranolol, amiodarone, dofetilide, verapamil and diltiazem. These drugs have different mechanisms of action and potential side effects like cardiac toxicity that require careful monitoring.
Anti arrhythmic drug
This document discusses arrhythmias and antiarrhythmic drugs. It defines arrhythmias as disturbances in heart rate, rhythm, impulse generation or conduction. Common causes include coronary artery disease, electrolyte imbalances, changes to the heart muscle, and injury from a heart attack. Antiarrhythmic drugs are classified based on their mechanisms of action, with Class I-IV drugs targeting sodium channels, beta receptors, potassium channels, and calcium channels respectively. Specific drugs discussed include quinidine, sotalol, verapamil, and their indications, mechanisms of action, and side effects. The document concludes by discussing proposals for future research on arrhythmias at the 2019 Gordon Research Conference.
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Hypertension is classified as mild, moderate or severe based on systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. It can be essential (idiopathic) where the cause is unknown or secondary where there is an identified cause. Beta blockers are commonly used to treat hypertension and are classified as non-selective or selective based on their receptor specificity. They work by reducing cardiac output and sympathetic nervous system activity. Propranolol is a non-selective beta blocker while metoprolol is a selective beta-1 receptor blocker.
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Functioning and disease of the heart, arrhythmia, atheroma, ischemia, angina pectoris,
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congestive heart failure.
Introduction, classification, chemistry, mode of action, structure-activity relationship,
pharmacokineties, indications, contraindications, dose, adverse effects and drug interaction of
following individual class of drugs:
a) Cardiac glycosides.
b) Antihypertensives: -blockers, vasodilators, ca-channel blocking agents, ACE inhibitors.
c) Antiarrhythmic drugs.
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The document discusses several classes of drugs used to treat cardiovascular conditions. It describes the mechanisms of calcium channel blockers, diuretics, vasodilators, cardiac glycosides, alpha blockers, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs. Calcium channel blockers work by blocking calcium entry into cells to decrease contraction. Diuretics reduce fluid volume to decrease preload and workload on the heart. ACE inhibitors block angiotensin conversion to lower blood pressure.
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This document discusses various classes of antihypertensive drugs including beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics. It explains their mechanisms of action in lowering blood pressure by reducing cardiac output, peripheral resistance, or sodium retention. Some advantages and side effects are provided for each drug class. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its role in blood pressure regulation is also summarized.
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The document classifies drugs used to treat hypertension into 9 categories based on their mechanisms of action. These categories include drugs that act centrally, on autonomic ganglia, on postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings, on adrenergic receptors, directly on vascular smooth muscle, as potassium channel activators, by blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, oral diuretics, and miscellaneous drugs. Examples are provided for each category of antihypertensive drugs.
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Anti-arrhythmic drugs are used to treat abnormal heart rhythms by modifying the heart's impulse generation and conduction. They are classified according to their effects on the cardiac action potential, with Class I drugs blocking sodium channels, Class II drugs blocking beta receptors, Class III drugs prolonging repolarization by blocking potassium channels, and Class IV drugs blocking calcium channels. Examples of anti-arrhythmic drugs from each class are provided.
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- Antihypertensive drugs work by reducing blood volume and cardiac output through diuretics, reducing peripheral vascular resistance through sympathoplegics and vasodilators, or blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
- Diuretics are first-line treatment for mild to moderate essential hypertension. Sympathoplegics are used for moderate to severe hypertension but have more side effects. Various drug classes target different mechanisms like calcium channels, adrenergic receptors, or the renin-angiotensin system.
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This document discusses various classes of drugs used to treat hypertension, including their mechanisms and side effects. It describes how diuretics, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, alpha/beta blockers, and other classes work to lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels, reducing fluid retention, or inhibiting hormone systems like renin-angiotensin-aldosterone. Common side effects across drug classes include low blood pressure, dizziness, fatigue, and electrolyte imbalances. Regular monitoring is important when taking antihypertensive medications.
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This document discusses hypertension and its treatment with antihypertensive drugs. It defines hypertension and its classification. It then describes various classes of antihypertensive drugs including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, sympatholytics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators and their mechanisms of action, side effects and uses. It concludes with nursing implications of administering antihypertensive drugs like monitoring for hypotension and palpitations.
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Anti-arrhythmic drugs are used to treat abnormal heart rhythms by modifying the heart's impulse generation and conduction. They are classified according to their effects on the cardiac action potential, with Class I drugs blocking sodium channels, Class II drugs blocking beta receptors, Class III drugs prolonging repolarization by blocking potassium channels, and Class IV drugs blocking calcium channels. Examples of anti-arrhythmic drugs from each class are provided.
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This document discusses antihypertensive drugs used to treat hypertension. It classifies these drugs into 10 categories including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, alpha-beta blockers, alpha blockers, central sympatholytics, vasodilators, and renin inhibitors. For each drug class, it describes the mechanism of action how each lowers blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels or reducing cardiac output and peripheral resistance. Adverse effects like hypotension and cough are also mentioned.
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1. Definition
2. Classification
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Antihypertensives
- Hypertension is classified based on blood pressure readings into normal, prehypertension, and stages 1 and 2 hypertension.
- Antihypertensive drugs work by reducing blood volume and cardiac output through diuretics, reducing peripheral vascular resistance through sympathoplegics and vasodilators, or blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
- Diuretics are first-line treatment for mild to moderate essential hypertension. Sympathoplegics are used for moderate to severe hypertension but have more side effects. Various drug classes target different mechanisms like calcium channels, adrenergic receptors, or the renin-angiotensin system.
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This document summarizes a seminar on hypertension and antihypertensive drugs presented by Debam Chakrabarty. It defines hypertension and blood pressure, describes symptoms of hypertension. It also explains what antihypertensive drugs are, how they work, and examples of different classes of antihypertensive drugs. The document lists side effects of various antihypertensive drugs and natural ways to treat hypertension. It also discusses the structure and synthesis of some antihypertensive drugs and provides updates on new antihypertensive drugs under development.
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This document discusses various drug classes used to treat hypertension. It describes how diuretics, sympathoplegic drugs, alpha-2 agonists, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers are used to lower blood pressure through different mechanisms like reducing blood volume, blocking sympathetic nervous system effects, vasodilation, and inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. It also covers approaches to treatment, including stepped care using multiple drug classes, monotherapy with a single drug, and emergent treatment of hypertensive crisis with intravenous vasodilators.
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Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a disorder where blood pressure is consistently above 140/90 mmHg. It can be caused by unknown factors (essential hypertension) or other diseases (secondary hypertension). Untreated hypertension can damage blood vessels and organs over time.
The document discusses various types of medications used to treat hypertension, including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, and alpha blockers. It provides details on specific drugs, their mechanisms of action, effects, uses, and potential side effects in the treatment of hypertension.
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This document discusses antiarrhythmic drugs used to treat irregularities in cardiac rhythm. It covers various types of arrhythmias including bradyarrhythmias, tachyarrhythmias, and heart block. The causes of arrhythmias are discussed including enhanced automaticity, triggered activity, reentry, and fractionation of impulses. The Vaughan-Williams classification of antiarrhythmic drugs is presented along with details about specific drug classes and examples like quinidine, procainamide, lidocaine, and beta blockers. Mechanisms of action and ion channel effects are explained for different drug classes.
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This document categorizes and describes various cardiac drugs used to treat heart conditions. It lists drug classes including ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, diuretics, vasopressors, and antidysrhythmics. For each drug class, it provides a brief description of the drug's actions, such as its effects on contractility, heart rate, and blood pressure. Side effects are also noted for some classes. The document serves as a reference for nurses on the classifications, uses, and adverse effects of common cardiac medications.
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This document discusses various classes of drugs used to treat hypertension, including their mechanisms and side effects. It describes how diuretics, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, alpha/beta blockers, and other classes work to lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels, reducing fluid retention, or inhibiting hormone systems like renin-angiotensin-aldosterone. Common side effects across drug classes include low blood pressure, dizziness, fatigue, and electrolyte imbalances. Regular monitoring is important when taking antihypertensive medications.
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This document discusses hypertension and its treatment with antihypertensive drugs. It defines hypertension and its classification. It then describes various classes of antihypertensive drugs including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, sympatholytics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators and their mechanisms of action, side effects and uses. It concludes with nursing implications of administering antihypertensive drugs like monitoring for hypotension and palpitations.
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This document discusses several cardiovascular drugs, including their chemistry, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic uses. It describes hydralazine as a vasodilator that acts on resistance arterioles to lower blood pressure. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that competitively blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart to reduce its workload and rate. Procainamide is a sodium channel blocker used to treat arrhythmias by slowing conduction and prolonging the action potential. Prenylamine is a calcium channel blocker and vasodilator formerly used to treat angina by decreasing sympathetic stimulation of the heart.
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This document discusses adrenergic blockers, including their classification, mechanisms of action, effects and uses. It describes how alpha and beta blockers work by preventing the interaction of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine with corresponding adrenergic receptors. Common alpha blockers mentioned are prazosin, terazosin and doxazosin. Beta blockers discussed include metoprolol, atenolol, propranolol and esmolol. Their effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory and other systems are summarized. Therapeutic uses for conditions like hypertension, heart failure and prostate issues are also highlighted.
NurseReview.Org Pharmacology Cardiovascular Drugs
This document summarizes various classes of cardiovascular drugs used to treat conditions like hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, shock, and arrhythmias. It describes the mechanisms of action, common drugs, indications, contraindications, side effects, and nursing considerations for beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, and other antihypertensive drugs.
Antidysrhythmics
This document discusses antidysrhythmic drugs, which are used to treat and prevent disturbances in heart rhythm. It describes the Vaughan Williams classification system used to classify these drugs into four main classes based on their effects on the heart's electrical conduction system and action potential. Class I drugs block sodium channels in different ways, Class II drugs are beta blockers, Class III drugs prolong repolarization, and Class IV drugs are calcium channel blockers. Common antidysrhythmic drugs are also discussed along with their mechanisms of action, indications, and important nursing considerations for monitoring patients on these medications.
Pharmacology Cardiovascular Drugs
This document summarizes various cardiovascular drugs used to treat conditions like hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, shock, and congestive heart failure. It discusses classes of drugs like beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, and cardiac glycosides. For each drug class, it describes the mechanisms of action, common drugs, clinical uses, contraindications, side effects, and nursing considerations for administration and patient education.
Anti-adrenergic drugs ( sympatholytic )
These are the drugs which antagonize the receptor action of adrenaline and related drugs.
These drugs act by blocking a and/or ß-adrenergic receptors.
α-blockers
PRAZOSIN is a competitive antagonist effective in the management of hypertension. Similar drugs with longer half-lives (e.g. doxazosin, terazosin).
β-blockers
Heart - Decrease heart rate, force of contraction and cardiac output.
Blood Pressure - Decrease in blood pressure (blockage).
Respiratory System – bronchoconstriction.
Eye – Beta-blocking agents reduce intraocular pressure, especially in glaucoma. The mechanism usually reported is decreased aqueous humor production.
Metabolic - Increase LDL and decrease HDL.
Uterus - Relaxation of uterus.
Local anaesthetic - Propranolol has some local anaesthetic action
6.0 drugs used in Cardio Vascular System
The document discusses various drugs used for cardiovascular conditions. It covers antihypertensive drugs like diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and adrenergic blockers. It defines hypertension and describes the mechanisms and side effects of different classes of antihypertensive drugs. These include thiazide, loop, and potassium sparing diuretics, calcium channel blockers like nifedipine, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, alpha blockers, beta blockers, and centrally acting drugs like clonidine and methyldopa. Cardiotonic drugs are also briefly mentioned.
Antiarrhythmic drugs
This document discusses antiarrhythmic drugs, which are used to treat irregular heart rhythms. It describes the different classes of antiarrhythmic drugs including membrane stabilizers, beta blockers, drugs that widen the action potential, and calcium channel blockers. The document provides examples of drugs in each class and explains their mechanisms of action, such as blocking sodium or calcium channels. It also discusses the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and the uses and adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs.
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Anti arrhythmic drugs by hartik bhageriya
- 2. DEFINATION: ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC DRUG ARE DEFINED AS DISTRUBANCE IN RHYTHMIC .
- 3. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS : Sodium channel blocker : Beta blocker : atenol , propanol , sotalol. Potassium channel blocker: sotalol. Calcium channel blocker : verapamil .
- 4. Calcium channel blocker : Verapamil Verapamil : Category : calcium chanel blocker . Pharmacokinetics : Absorption : verapamil is absorbed when given orally . Distribution: they are distrubted body . Metabolism :metabolised by liver . Excretion ; kidney .
- 5. Pharmacodynamic : Heart rate are decreases and other vital organs activity increases. Action :verapamil reduces BP relives angina and slow AV conduction . Route of adminstration : by mouth and intravenous . They are given by oral. .
- 6. Side effect: Headchae Low blood pressure Nausea Allergic reaction
- 7. USES: It is used to treat hypertension , chest pain from cardic ischemia and supraventricular trachycardia .