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Anthrax ppt (Community).pptx
- 2. ANTHRAX SUBMITTED TO- SHYAMADEVI MA’AM SUBMITTED BY- IPSITA PADHI, ROLL NO-25 BSC (HONS) NURSING 2ND YEAR (BATCH-2020)
- 3. OBJECTIVES.. General objective-At the end of the discussion, students will be able to gain knowledge regarding anthrax disease, its types and treatment and will be able to demonstrate skill in hospital and community setting. Specific objectives- At the end if the class, the student will be able to – 1. Explain the anthrax disease condition and its types 2. Explain its causes and modes of transmission 3. Identify the at-risk population 4. Explain and identify its signs and symptoms 5. Describe uts prevention and treatment methods 6. Explain what symptoms to be considered at risk and report immediately.
- 4. WHAT DO YOUKNOW?
- 6. INTRODUCTION Anthrax isan acute infectious disease common to cattles, occuring sporadically in men in 3 forms- cutaneous, pulmonary and intestinal, by coming in contact with infected animals or animal products. It is derived from the greek word ‘ anthrakos’ for coal , because it causes dark coal like spots on the affected areas.
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- 9. Agent – BacillusAnthracis • Gram positive • Spore forming bacilli • Non motile large bacilli • Lab findings in culture appear as ‘ bamboo stick’ • Its natural reservoir is soil, doesn’t depend on animal reservoir, thus making it hard to eradicate.
- 10. Host This disease occursin persons who are • Hide separators • Tanners • Butchers • Wool sorters • Mill workers • Bone processors
- 11. Types of ANTHRAX- Cutaneous Anthrax – Caused when Bacillus Anthrasis spores enter through cuts on the skin. This form accounts for over 95% of anthrax cases. Lesions usually occur on exposed skin and often commence with itchiness.
- 13. Types (contd..) PulmonaryAnthrax- Results from breathing anthrax spores into the lungs. Also known as 'Woolsorter’s disease’ Damage caused by anthrax spores and bacilli to the central chest cavity can cause chest pain and difficulty in breathing.
- 15. Types (contd...) GastrointestinalAnthrax- Results from ingestion of inadequately cooked meat from animals with anthrax. This form of anthrax is the rarest. After the bacterium invades the bowel system, it spreads through the bloodstream throughout the body, making even more toxins on the way.
- 17. Why anthrax happens- Most human cases of anthrax occurs as a result of exposure to infected animals or their meat or hides. Anthrax is common in livestock, and a potentially serious infections disease in humans. The spores occur naturally in soil, but becomes active only when it enters the body. It is more likely in countries that do not routinely vaccinate animals against the disease. It cannot pass from one human to another.
- 18. Modes of transmission- Direct transmission – Through cutaneous contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. Indirect transmission – Through ingestion of contaminated or improperly cooked meat. Airborne transmission – Through inhalation of air contaminated by spores
- 19. Modes of transmission(contd...) Biting of flies that have partially fed on such animals. Contact with soil associated with infected animals or with contaminated bone meal used in gardening. Accidental infections may occur among laboratory workers. The disease spreads among grazing animals through contaminated soil and feed , and among omnivorous and carnivorous animals through contaminated meat or bone meal.
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- 21. Signs and Symptomsof Anthrax Cutaneous Anthrax – Small, pruritic, non-painful papule at inoculation site They pass through the following stages – papular stage, vesicular stage and escher stage. Symptoms include- muscle aches, pain, headache, fever, nausea and vomiting.
- 23. Signs and symptoms(contd...) Pulmonary Anthrax – Early symptoms resemble those of a respiratory infection such as mild fever and sore throat. Later symptoms include increasing fever, dyspnea, stridor, hypoxia and hypertension usually leading to death within 24 hours. Rhinorrhea is rare. Meningitis may occur in 50% of patients.
- 25. Signs and Symptoms(contd...) Gastrointestinal Anthrax – It has 2 forms- oro-pharyngeal and abdominal. Symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhoea and sometimes rapidly developing ascites. Abdominal anthrax is more common than oro-pharyngeal anthrax.
- 26. Preventive Measures • Humansprotected by preventing disease in animals- veterinary supervision and trade restrictions. • Giving proper education according to disease and its causes and advise them to take precautions. • Giving vaccine according to the following rules- 3 injections at 2 week intervals, 3 injections 6 months apart, and an annual booster. • Sterilize wool, hair or hides or other feed af animal origin prior to processing. • Do not eat meat that hasn’t been properly cooker or slaughtered. • Control of dusts and proper ventilation in hazardous industries especially those that handle raw animal material.
- 27. • Cell-free filtrate •Licensed in 1970 • At risk- wool mill workers, veterinarians, lab workers, livestock handlers, military personnel
- 28. Vaccination Schedule Forpre-exposure vaccination, CDC recommends 5 intramuscular doses at 0, 1, 6, 12, and 18 months, followed by annual boosters thereafter. For post-exposure vaccination, CDC recommends 3 subcutaneous doses at 0, 2, and 4 weeks in conjunction with a 60-day course of appropriate antimicrobial agents.
- 29. Treatment methods Penicillinhas been the drug of choice. Doxycycline may be preferable. Some strains are known to be resistant to penicillin amd doxycycline. Ciprofloxacin was chosen as the drug of choice in 2001. No strains are known to be resistant to it.
- 30. Treatment methods (contd...) In pulmonary anthrax, recommended initial treatment is an IV multi-drug regimen of either ciprofloxacin or doxycycline along with one or more agents to which the organism is typically sensitive. Treatment should be continued for 60 days. Anti microbial therapy is also given- chloramphenicol, clindamycin, rifampicin.
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- 33. What isthe causative agent of anthrax?
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- 35. What typeof anthrax is shown in the given picture?
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