Antacids are bases that neutralize excess stomach acid. They work by reacting with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to reduce acidity when levels are too high, such as during indigestion, heartburn, or acid reflux. Common antacids contain ingredients like calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate. While they can relieve symptoms, antacids are not a treatment for underlying causes of excess stomach acid. Some people may experience side effects like diarrhea, constipation, or changes in bowel movements from regular antacid use.

2. AntacidOur stomach produce dilute hydrochloric
acid (HCL) helps in digestion to our food
without harming the stomach ,Sometimes
the excess of acid is produced in the
stomach which cannot treat with the dilute
hydrochloric acid (HCL)that will harm us in
the stomach, to prevent from acidity we the
bases called as “Antacid”.
Antacid reversibly reduce or block the
secretion of acid by gastric cells to reduce
acidity in the stomach.

3. About Antacid
Chemical substances which remove the excess acid and
raise the pH to an appropriate level in stomach are
called “Antacid”.
Acid gastric is a very common aliment associated with
digestion and is caused by an excess of Hydrochloric
Acid(HCl) in the gastric juice. The commonly used
Antacids are;
 Magnesium Hydroxide.
 Magnesium Carbonate.
 Magnesium Trisilicate.
 Aluminium Hydroxide gel.
 Sodium Bicarbonate.
 Aluminium Phosphate.

4. Components of Antacid
 Antacids are weak bases that are used to neutralize
excess stomach acid
 Most antacids are weak inorganic bases
 Common examples include:
CaCO3 (CALCIUM CARBONATE )
NaHCO3 (SODIUM BICARBONATE )
Al(OH)3 (ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE)
Mg(OH)2 (MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE )
MgO and Mg(OH)2 (Milk of Magnesia)

5. Indications when we take Antacid
 When heart burn is there then we take Antacid to
reduce the heartburn.
 Treatment with antacids alone is symptomatic and
only justified for minor symptoms.
 The utility of many combinations of antacids is not
clear, although the combination of magnesium and
aluminium salts may prevent alteration of bowel
habits.
 A typical feeling of restlessness.
 Indigestion.
 Feeling of nausea (wanting to throw up) and actual
vomiting.

6. Causes Of Excessive Release Of
Acids In The Stomach
 Alcohol Consumption.
 Eating Certain Foods.
 Smoking.
 Certain Drugs i.e. Aspirin.
 Stress.

7. Reaction of Antacid
Antacids react with HCl in the
stomach
Some common antacid reactions
include:
 CaCO3 + 2 HCl  CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
 NaHCO3 + HCl  NaCl + H2O + CO2
 Al(OH)3 + 3 HCl  AlCl3 + 3 H2O
 Mg(OH)2 + 2 HCl  MgCl2 + 2 H2O
 MgO + 2 HCl  MgCl2 + H2O

8. Uses of Antacid
It bring down the percentage of Acidity in
our Stomach and prevent mucus lining in
the stomach.
It prevent from HEART BURN (acid from
stomach rising into esophagus) that can
to our stomach lining.
It also prevent from the ULCER(damage
to lining of stomach wall, resulting in loss
of tissues and inflammation).

9. Side Effect Of Antacid
 Magnesium Compounds may cause diarrhea
 Aluminum Compounds may cause constipation and
they also may interfere with the adsorption of
phosphates in the formation of bones. This is more
likely to be true if they are taken for an extended
period of time
 Carbonates may generate carbon dioxide leading to
bloating and flatulence.
 Calcium compounds containing may also increase
calcium output in the urine, which might be
associated with kidney stones.
 Sodium : Increased intake of sodium may be
deleterious for arterial hypertension, heart failure
and many renal diseases.

10. Some Other Its Side Effects
 Side effects from antacids vary depending on
individual and other medications they may be
taking at the time. Those who experience side
effects most commonly suffer from changes in
bowel functions, such as diarrhea, constipation, or
flatulence.
 Other more serious side effects, such as stomach or
intestinal; bleeding, can be more difficult to
recognize.
 Although reactions to any drug may vary from
person to person, generally those medications that
contain aluminum or calcium are the likeliest to
cause constipation, those that contain magnesium
are the likeliest to cause diarrhea.

11. Who Cannot Take Antacid
Patient with kidney failure or heart burn diseases Sodium
Bicarbonate has high Sodium content and is not
appropriate for people who are on salt restricted diet or
have congestive heart failure high blood pressure or kidney
problem .In pregnant if a lady is pregnant Antacid are
Safetous for heart burn symptoms but do not use Antacid
that have Sodium Bicarbonate. They can cause build cup
during pregnancy it is okay to use Antacid that have
Calcium carbonate problem with liver and kidney failure. If
you have a problem with kidney and liver you should be
careful with using Antacid . If your kidney are not working
correctly .it is possible that too much of the drug will build
up in our body.

12. Preparation To Form The Antacid
 Prepare 1litre of approximately HCl solution by diluting 10 ml of the concentrated
acid for one litre.
 Similarly, make 1 litre of approximately NaOH solution by dissolving4.0g of NaOH to
prepare one litre of solution.
 Prepare Na2CO3 solution by weighing exactly 1.325 g of anhydrous sodium
carbonate and then dissolving it in water to prepare exactly 0.25 litres (250 ml) of
solution.
 Standardize the HCl solution by titrating it against the standard Na2CO3 solution
using methyl orange as indicator.
 Similarly, standardize NaOH solution by titrating it against standardized HCl solution
using phenolphthalein as indicator.
 Powder the various samples of antacid tablets and weigh 1.0 g of each.
 Add a specific volume of standardised HCl to each of the weighed sample is taken in
conical flasks. The acid should be in slight excess, so that it can neutralize all the
alkaline component of the tablet.
 Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein and warm the flask till most of powder dissolves.
Filter off the insoluble material.
 Titrate this solution against the standardised NaOH solution, till a permanent pinkish
tinge is obtained. Repeat this experiment with different antacids.

13. Requirement TO Form The
AntacidBurettes, pipettes, titration flasks, measuring flasks,
beakers, weight box, fractional weights, sodium
hydroxide, sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid,
phenolphthalein.
 Capsules.
 Tablets.
 Powder.
 Chewable Tablet.
 Suspension.

14. Lets Have Some Questions
Regarding Antacid
1.Name any two Components of Antacid?
Ans. CaCO3, NaHCO3, Al(OH)3 ,Mg(OH)2, MgO Or Mg(OH)2 .
2.Which lining is prevent by Antacid in our Stomach?
Ans. Mucus Lining .
3.Which Compound of Antacid which cause the diarrhea?
Ans. Magnesium Compounds.
4.Name any 2 types of Antacid are Available according to
requirement?
Ans. Capsules, Tablets, Powder, Chewable Tablet,
Suspension.