Estuaries are ecosystems where freshwater from rivers meets saltwater from the sea. They are highly productive habitats that support a great diversity of wildlife, serving as nurseries for many fish and breeding grounds for birds. Over time, estuaries fill with sediment from rivers and tides, eventually transforming into dry land. They provide food and shelter for many species of fish, birds, shellfish, and mammals.
Fishery -all the activities connected with the securing of animal and vegetable products from the earth waters.
Fishery products include such items as fish, clams, oysters, lobsters, eels, shrimps, turtles, seals, and whales. Pearl sponges, coral shells, and seaweeds are also included among the products derived from the sea. Fish provides the protein which is needed in the human diet. Fisheries are perhaps the most poorly managed of all the natural resources. The unscientific assumption that man can never exhaust the resources of the sea has placed upon nature the entire responsibility for renewal and replenishment.
A SIMPLE PRESENTATION MADE FOR THE PLUS TWO STUDENTS OF VELLANADU GOVT.HSS, TRIVANDRUM AND PRESENTED ON 19/09/2015 IN A PROGRAM ORGANISED BY FISH FARMERS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (FFDA) OF FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF KERALA
Freshwater and coastal aquaculture development can benefit from internal and external experience for preventing environmental damage and for avoiding harmful effects of degradation on aquaculture resources. Strategies to compensate for the loss of aquatic fauna (e.g. due to physical obstructions) are directly linked to important environmental issues, such as the transfer of exotic species, the spread of diseases and loss of genetic diversity, eutrophication, impairment of aesthetic qualities and the disruption of indigenous fish stocks.
There presently, conceptual frameworks for aquatic environment management backed by legal and administrative tools to create or enforce ration systems for water management, land use or fisheries and aquaculture development strengthened by adaptive institutionalization.
Various parameter have been used by different authors for classification of fishing gear and fish catching methods. According to Hardy (1947) - Hardy best his classification on fishing method like luring, snaring and attacking.According to Umali (1950)- Umali classified fishing gear of Philippines as non-textile device and textile device.According to Davis (1958) – Davis made an effort to classified gears of England without drawing definite line of demarcation.According to Dumont and Sundstrom (1961) – commercial fishing gears of united state where classified based on similarity of types.According to Andres Von Brandt (1972) – Von Brandt classified the fish catching methods of the world on the basis of how the fish are catch. The subgroups of Von Brandt 1972 classification are made on parameter like material construction and method of operation. International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear (ISSCFG-1980) has classified the fishing gear in accordance with the internationally recognized standard Von Brandt 1972 classification is the most popular one and is universally accept.Andres Von Brandt has classified is fish catching methods of the world in to 16 major groups based on how the fish are caught.
Zooplankton distribution and seasonal successionAl Nahian Avro
The seasonal distribution of the major components of the zooplankton community, protozooplankton, copepods and cladocerans, along a eutrophication gradient were examined in order to establish if eutrophication through increases in phytoplankton biomass and productivity has an impact on biomass and composition of the zooplankton community
Fins are the most distinctive morphological features of fish and they plays a predominant role for locomotion of fish under the water. It is important to know how many kinds of fins are present and their precise functions.
Fishery -all the activities connected with the securing of animal and vegetable products from the earth waters.
Fishery products include such items as fish, clams, oysters, lobsters, eels, shrimps, turtles, seals, and whales. Pearl sponges, coral shells, and seaweeds are also included among the products derived from the sea. Fish provides the protein which is needed in the human diet. Fisheries are perhaps the most poorly managed of all the natural resources. The unscientific assumption that man can never exhaust the resources of the sea has placed upon nature the entire responsibility for renewal and replenishment.
A SIMPLE PRESENTATION MADE FOR THE PLUS TWO STUDENTS OF VELLANADU GOVT.HSS, TRIVANDRUM AND PRESENTED ON 19/09/2015 IN A PROGRAM ORGANISED BY FISH FARMERS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (FFDA) OF FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF KERALA
Freshwater and coastal aquaculture development can benefit from internal and external experience for preventing environmental damage and for avoiding harmful effects of degradation on aquaculture resources. Strategies to compensate for the loss of aquatic fauna (e.g. due to physical obstructions) are directly linked to important environmental issues, such as the transfer of exotic species, the spread of diseases and loss of genetic diversity, eutrophication, impairment of aesthetic qualities and the disruption of indigenous fish stocks.
There presently, conceptual frameworks for aquatic environment management backed by legal and administrative tools to create or enforce ration systems for water management, land use or fisheries and aquaculture development strengthened by adaptive institutionalization.
Various parameter have been used by different authors for classification of fishing gear and fish catching methods. According to Hardy (1947) - Hardy best his classification on fishing method like luring, snaring and attacking.According to Umali (1950)- Umali classified fishing gear of Philippines as non-textile device and textile device.According to Davis (1958) – Davis made an effort to classified gears of England without drawing definite line of demarcation.According to Dumont and Sundstrom (1961) – commercial fishing gears of united state where classified based on similarity of types.According to Andres Von Brandt (1972) – Von Brandt classified the fish catching methods of the world on the basis of how the fish are catch. The subgroups of Von Brandt 1972 classification are made on parameter like material construction and method of operation. International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear (ISSCFG-1980) has classified the fishing gear in accordance with the internationally recognized standard Von Brandt 1972 classification is the most popular one and is universally accept.Andres Von Brandt has classified is fish catching methods of the world in to 16 major groups based on how the fish are caught.
Zooplankton distribution and seasonal successionAl Nahian Avro
The seasonal distribution of the major components of the zooplankton community, protozooplankton, copepods and cladocerans, along a eutrophication gradient were examined in order to establish if eutrophication through increases in phytoplankton biomass and productivity has an impact on biomass and composition of the zooplankton community
Fins are the most distinctive morphological features of fish and they plays a predominant role for locomotion of fish under the water. It is important to know how many kinds of fins are present and their precise functions.
Whale Shark The largest of all sharks and the largest living fish, the whale shark is one of the most dramatic views of the ocean. Its large size, distinctive patterns and its enormous mouth make it instantly recognizable and can be commonly seen wandering near the surface in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. Their diet is based mainly on plankton, but also regularly feed on small schooling fish and squid. Unlike basking sharks, which simply filter vast amounts of water as they swim, whale sharks actively suck their prey before filtering efficiently and are sometimes seen in groups, feeding on high concentrations of food. Regularly appear in the same places at specific times of the year, probably to capitalize on plankton blooms and events such as coral spawning.
Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. Shellfish include various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.
The turtle is a shelled reptile with a distinctive, streamlined body and four legs that end in webbed feet. They are known for their slow movement and gentle demeanor, often seen in ponds, lakes, and oceans. Turtles have been around for millions of years, adapting to various environments, and can range in size from a few inches to several feet in length.
This presentation is on Endangerd species of marine mammals and marine birds. Explain about bioligy,habitat,reproduction,threats and conservations of the animals.
Threat of sea turtle Rajeev raghavan Kufos kerala Ashish sahu
Sea turtles, sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the green sea turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, Kemp's ridley sea turtle, olive ridley sea turtle, hawksbill sea turtle, flatback sea turtle, and leatherback sea turtle.
Sea turtle, any of seven species of marine turtles belonging to the families Dermochelyidae (leatherback sea turtles) and Cheloniidae (green turtles, flatback sea turtles, loggerhead sea turtles, hawksbills, and ridleys).
Seven different species of sea (or marine) turtles grace our ocean waters, from the shallow seagrass beds of the Indian Ocean, to the colorful reefs of the Coral Triangle, and even the sandy beaches of the Eastern Pacific. WWFs work on sea turtles focuses on five of those species: green, hawksbill, loggerhead, leatherback and olive ridley.
See more on worldwildlife.org
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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3. An estuary is a partly enclosed body of water where fresh
water coming down the rivers meets with salt water from
the sea.
Estuaries are fascinating places. They are the most
productive ecosystems on the planet. Therefore, they
have tons and tons of wildlife such as breeding fishes,
birds (some migratory), and many reptiles and mammals.
The estuaries are home to lots of animals, especially fish,
because they come to lay eggs. It is also home to many
more types of birds, mammals, and plants as well.
4. Estuaries are temporary landforms and don’t
last very long. Rivers carry sediment eroded
from the land into them, and tides bring in
sand from the sea floor. If there are more
sediments coming in than flushing out,
eventually an estuary will age and die. In fact,
it fills up with so much sediment that it turns
into dry land.
Now, since you have at least an idea about
what an estuary is, let’s explore the wildlife
around here.
5.
6. Estuaries are often called the nurseries of
the ocean. Many fish species lay their eggs
in estuaries. The abundant plant life in
estuaries provides a safe place for young
fish to live.
Catfish, sheepshead, silver perch and grouper also live in
estuaries. Spiny lobsters, shrimps, crabs, oysters and clams claim
the estuaries as well. The estuary supports lots of fish due to
having both the salt water (of the ocean) and the flow of fresh
water (from the river).
7.
8. Cherry Salmon
(台灣馬蘇大麻哈魚
(櫻花 吻鮭) )
The Cherry Salmon is a
member of the Salmon
family. The Cherry salmon
is classified as Critically
Endangered (CR), facing an
extremely high risk of
extinction in the wild.
The cherry salmon has an
average length of around
20 inches.
In the sea, the cherry
salmon feeds on
crustaceans, less often on
young fish.
.
9. Catfish
Catfish are abundant in the
world. In fact, one out four
freshwater fish (25%) and
one out of ten of the world’s
fish (10%) are catfish.
One catfish can lay up to
4,000 eggs a year .
Raised Catfish are mostly
raised in fresh water ponds
only about 4 – 6 feet deep.
Farm raised catfish are
taught to eat food pellets
that float on top of the
water. Wild Catfish eat from
river bottoms and other
food.
10. Bay Pipefish
Pipefish are common
in eelgrass of bays
and estuaries, and are
sometimes found in
shallow offshore
waters. Pipefish feed
on crustaceans.
Females are larger
than males.
11. Flounders
Flounders (alternative
name Fluke) are
ocean-dwelling
flatfish species that is
located off the
Canadian and U.S.
east coast of the
Northern Atlantic,
and the Pacific
Ocean. They thrive in
coastal lagoons and
estuaries. They can
camouflage.
12.
13. Dungeness Crab
Dungeness Crabs are delicious.
In fact, they are considered the
best tasting seafood.
They live in the eelgrass beds
and the bottom of the water.
They are found living in North
America, mostly along the
west coast.
The Dungeness Crab often can
blend into its surroundings
very well. So well that they are
undetected. They often stick
their heads into the sand when
they feel there is some type of
danger around them.
They also can bury their entire
bodies in the sand if there is
enough time.
14. Hermit Crab
Hermit Crabs are nocturnal, which means they are not
active in the daytime. They mostly move in the nighttime.
Hermit Crabs have many natural predators. It is thought
that therefore Hermit Crabs hide among other animals
such as sea anemones for protection. Their predators
include sharks, squid, big fish, cuttlefish, and octopuses.
Although they have a snail – like appearance, Hermit
Crabs are relatives of crabs. However, they are not
considered true crabs.
The Hermit Crab always has an outer shell to help protect
its soft inside body (or shall I say, under body). What is
interesting is that the shell they are wearing had belonged
to another animals. Hermit Crabs continuously search for
bigger shells to fit their bodies.
15. Hermit Crab Facts
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: A rthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Family: Paguroidea
Common Name: Hermit Crab
Scientific Name: Paguroidea
Found: Worldwide
Diet: Omnivore
Size:2-10cm (0.8-4in)
Weight:200-500g (7-18oz)
Number of Species:500
Average Lifespan:1-10 years
Conservation Status: Threatened
Color: Green, Red, Blue, Yellow, Orange, Brown, Pink, White
Skin Type: Shell
Favorite Food: Fish
Habitat: Coastal waters
Main Prey: Fish, Worms, Plankton
Predators: Bigger Fish, Sharks, Cuttlefish
Special Features: Long body shape and lives in protective shell
16. Purple Shore Crab
The shell is smooth and
usually purple, but sometimes
greenish yellow or reddish
brown.
Purple Shore Crabs are very
common and are a likely sight
when you flip over a rock at
the beach.
The Purple Shore Crab is very
sensitive, so when its hiding
rock is turned over, it will
scurry away immediately.
They are similar to Green
Shore Crabs but they are
bigger and mostly they have
large red or purple spots on
their pincers.
17.
18. Nautilus
Nautilus Pompilius (shown
in the pictures) are the
largest and most common
of about six species known
to exist. Like
the coelacanth, it has
remained unchanged for
over 400 million years.
During prehistoric times,
there were about 10,000
different species of
nautilus, but only a small
handful are known to
survive today. The size of
Chambered Nautiluses
range from 10 to 8 inches
and they live in the Pacific
& Indian Ocean..You would
have to dive down about
18000 feet to find these
wonderful animals.
19.
20. American Wigeon
American Wigeons live in
shallow freshwater
wetlands, including
ponds, marshes, and
rivers.
The American Wigeon
breeds in northwestern
North America and is
found throughout the rest
of the continent in
migration and in winter.
Their diet includes
aquatic plants, with some
insects and mollusks
eaten during the breeding
season.
21. Green Heron
Green Herons are opportunistic
feeders, but they mostly prefer
fish. Crayfish and other
crustaceans are a regular
source of food. They also hunt
for aquatic insects,
grasshoppers, frogs, rodents
and snakes.
The way Green Herons catch
their meal (fish) is very
interesting. It commonly drops
bait onto the surface of the
water and grabs the small fish
that are attracted. It uses a
variety of baits and lures,
including crusts of bread,
insects, earthworms, twigs, or
feathers.
22. American Coot
American Coots are
noisy members of the
rail family and they are
they are medium-sized
diving birds with a white
bill, yellow legs, and
lobed toes. American
Coots are opportunistic
and hungry feeders -
they eat what they can
find. Coots mainly eat
plants, but they will also
feed on insects, fish,
tadpoles, snails, worms,
and eggs of other birds.
23. Great Blue Heron
The great blue heron is
an interesting bird. This
heron is the largest
heron or egret in North
America and the biggest
bird in most swampy
areas. The great blue
heron lives many places
on Earth. It stands three
to four feet tall and has
a wingspan of almost six
feet. It is also the
largest heron in Canada.
24. Canada Goose
In some places, the highly
adaptable Canada goose is
so successful and
numerous that people
consider them a
disturbance. One reason:
They can produce a LOT of
poop. Just 50 Canada geese
can generate more than
two tons of manure in one
year! The birds' waste can
cause poor water quality
where they live.
These geese also eat a lot,
which could harm local
farm crops or cause a not
balanced food chain.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30. Asian Small – Clawed
Otter
Asian small-clawed
otters are threatened in
the wild by habitat
destruction, hunting,
and pollution. In the
wild, they live in the
rivers, creeks, estuaries
and coastal waters of
Southeast Asia, from
northern India to
southeastern China, the
Malay Peninsula and
parts of Indonesia.
31. River Otter
River Otters are mammals
that are relatives of the
stoats, weasels, mink,
badgers and wolverines.
River Otters are
carnivorous. They eat a
variety of animals, including
fish, crustaceans,
amphibians, snakes, water
insects, snails, worms, small
mammals, birds, eggs,
frogs, turtles, and any
aquatic invertebrates.
Rivers otters are generally
solitary, except for females
with their young, and do not
associate except during the
mating season.
32. Sea Otter
The Sea Otter is the
largest of all otters
and is a marine otter.
It spends lots of time
in the water.
It was once
extensively hunted
for its warm coat a
long time ago.
Currently, they are
listed as EN
(endangered), facing
a rick of extinction in
the wild.
33.
34. Northern Fur Seal
The main diet of the
Northern Fur Seal consists
of lantern fish or herring.
However, when food is
scarce, other food can be
eaten.
The seals must be careful in
both land and water
however, as they are preyed
upon by sharks,
orcas, Steller Sea Lions and
even Arctic Foxes.
35. Miditerranean Monk
Seal
The Mediterranean Monk
Seal is one of the Phocidae
family.
There are only 400 to 450
individuals of these seals
known to exist today.
This is one of the most
endangered species out of all
mammals. Now, it is found in
the Eastern Atlantic Ocean,
the Mediterranean Sea, in
some estuaries and rivers of
the world, and also near the
Tropic of Cancer.
36. Harbor Seal
Harbor seals are curious
but shy animals that
prefer quiet, unpopulated
areas. At the slightest
sign of danger they will
slip back into the water
and swim away.
They are found in coastal
waters of the northern
Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans as well as the
Baltic and North Seas,
making them the most
wide – ranged pinnipeds
(walruses and seals).
37. Hawaiian Monk Seal
The Hawaiian Monk Seal lives in
the warm waters of the North-
western part of the Hawaiian
islands. It got its name because
its head with the small hairs looks
like the head of a typical monk.
Also, the Hawaiian Monk Seal
lives a solitary life (like monks)
when compared to other seals.
They can stay under water for 20
minutes without coming to the
surface at a depth of 600 feet.
The Hawaiian Monk Seal is one of
the endangered species of seals.
With the Mediterranean Monk
Seal they struggle for survival to
prevent extinction like the
Caribbean Monk Seal, which
became extinct in the 1950s.
38.
39. California Sea Lion
- California Sea Lions are friendly
animals often seen doing a
variety of tricks in zoos,
amusement parks, etc.
- The California Sea lion is the
most intelligent sea lion in the
world. California sea lions are
often used by the U.S. Navy to
help tasks that need to be
completed underwater.
-California Sea Lions are
carnivorous. They are not very
picky eaters, though. They like to
eat large amounts each day.
-- hen fully grown, the males can
be about 1,000 pounds while
females will only be about 350
pounds. For the length, the
average for males is 7 feet and the
average for females is 6 feet.
40. Hooker’s Sea Lion (or
New Zealand Sea Lion)
The New Zealand Sea Lion The
New Zealand sea lion or
Hooker’s sea lion is a protected
marine mammal. It is listed as
VU (vulnerable) and is
considered to have a high risk
of extinction in the wild.
The New Zealand Sea Lion has
many different namings. The
females are called 'cow' and
males are called bulls. A New
Zealand Sea Lion group is
called a pod, colony, crash,
flock, harem, bob, herd,
rookery, or team.
The New Zealand Sea Lion is
only found in New Zealand and
is one of the rarest seal species.