Various parameter have been used by different authors for classification of fishing gear and fish catching methods. According to Hardy (1947) - Hardy best his classification on fishing method like luring, snaring and attacking.According to Umali (1950)- Umali classified fishing gear of Philippines as non-textile device and textile device.According to Davis (1958) – Davis made an effort to classified gears of England without drawing definite line of demarcation.According to Dumont and Sundstrom (1961) – commercial fishing gears of united state where classified based on similarity of types.According to Andres Von Brandt (1972) – Von Brandt classified the fish catching methods of the world on the basis of how the fish are catch. The subgroups of Von Brandt 1972 classification are made on parameter like material construction and method of operation. International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear (ISSCFG-1980) has classified the fishing gear in accordance with the internationally recognized standard Von Brandt 1972 classification is the most popular one and is universally accept.Andres Von Brandt has classified is fish catching methods of the world in to 16 major groups based on how the fish are caught.

1. CLASSIFICATION OF FISHING
GEARS
Ashish sahu

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Classification fishing gear
 Classification according to Andres Von Brandt 1972
 Classification According to International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing
Gear
 Without gear
 Grappling and Wounding gear
 Stupefying device
 Hook and line
 Traps
 Dragged gear
 Seine net
 Surrounding net
 Falling gear
 Gill net
 Tangle net
 Harvesting machine
 Fishing gear material
 Reference

3. INTRODUCTION
What is gear:-
 Those equipments which are used in fishing called ‘fish gear’ and the
working platform to reach the fishing ground and to conduct fishing operation
is called fishing craft.
 Active gear :-
 Active gears are operated by mechanized boat . They required large power
to moved from one place to other place for fishing. Some important gears
like trawl net, purse net, shore seine net etc. examples of active gears.
 Passive gears:-
 Passive gears are operated by non-mechanized boat. These gears some
time also operated by motorized boat. Some important gears like dip net,
cast net, gill net, tuna long line or hook and line, spear & harpoon examples
of passive gears.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF FISHING GEAR
I. According to ISSCFG ( International Standard Statistical Classification of fishing
Gear)
 There are different types of gear classification based on particular technical features of the
gear .the mostly popular is the INTERNATIONAL STANDARD STATISTICAL
CLASSIFICATION OF FISHING GEARS (ISSCFG ) accepted by FAO . twelve principle
classes of fishing gear
I. According to classified Andres Von Brandt (1972)
 Andres Von Brandt has classified the fish catching method of the world in to 16 major groups
on how the fish are caught.
1. 1. Without gear
2. This including hand picking fish with other aquatic animal. Simple tools using like trained
animal like Dog, Otters, Cormorants etc catching for fishes.
3.

5. 2. GRAPPLING AND WOUNDING GEAR
In this method fish are caught by grappling,, Squeezing , transfixing or
wounding.
 The implement use for this are spears, clamps(are mainly use to catch
mussels and snails). Tongs, rakes ( are mainly use to mussels)
 Metal weight with barbed points called fish plummets pierce.
 Bows and arrows too constitute a primitive gear which are used for the
captures of whales.

6. 3. STUPEFYING DEVICES
 Certain device are made use of in stupefying the fish
either mechanically, chemically or electrically to ease
there capture.
 Mechanically – By throwing stone at the fish for
catching.
 Chemically - For fishing catching should be used lime,
copper are used to plant poison (Saponin) the fish.

7. HOOK AND LINE
What is hook and line:-
 In a line one or more hooks are attached at the end of a cotton line
(dori) whose other end is tied to a long bamboo stick. The hooks are
made by iron or steel and line made by nylon or synthetic material.
Parts of hook and line:-
 A hook are consist of a head or eye, shank, bend and point.
 Bait:- A bait should may be an earthworm, prawn , cockroach ,
caterpillar , small fish etc.
 Eye:- The top of the section of the hook. The line attached on the eye
and other part attached on the rode line.
 Bend:- It is the rounding portion of the hook, just before the point of
hook.
 Point:- It is the last portion of the hook after that bend. The bait is
attached on the point of the hook.

8.  Hand line – Hand line is the simplestform of fishing line hand line can be operated with
or without a pole or rod. A line with a few hooks is operated by a single man paying
constant attention to the catch.
 Set line – Several hooks are set in a fixed position in the case of setline. These consist of a
main line to which snoods with baited or unbaited hooks are fixed at regular intervals.

9.  Drift line – These are the fishing line which drift alone or are fastened to a fishing
vessel. These can be operated over large area and usually larger and more widely spaced
then for bottom long line.
 Troll line – Several line are towed form a boat using outrigger to catch predatory
fishes. They are trailed near the surface or at a certain depth by a vessel.


10. FISH TRAPS
The trap is use to catch like Heteropneustus, Clarias, and Channa, that
live in shallow muddy water.
 The basket trap is made of split bamboo having a wide about a meter
in diameter at one end and a small opening 12-15cm in diameter at the
top.
 Basket traps – these traps mostly have small entrance and made of
wood, wire, netting, plastic etc. these traps consist of cylindrical
shaped bags mounted on ring and are provided with wings.

11.  Verandah net – these are popular net in the China, India and some part of
Africa. Verandah net consist of two part
i. Vertical barrier netting,
ii. Horizontal verandah netting.
 Bag net – They kept open vertically by a totally or partially framed mouth
and horizontally by the current.
 Scoop net – These are small bag net operated by hand and are moved through
the water i.e. the fishes are caught by the scooping action. They are variously
shaped.
VERANDAH NET
Bag Net

12. 6. DRAGGED GEAR
Active gear has to be moved, dragged or towed to capture fish. This
usually requires engine-propelled boat and usually involves additional
investment over passive or stationary gear.
 Dredges
 These are dragged along the bottom to collect molluscs such as
mussels, oyster, scallops, clams etc. These gear consist of the conical
shaped net with a rigid frame in front.

13. • Sweep trawls – Sheets of webbing made of single or triple walls are towed over the
bottom
 Bottom trawls – Conical shaped net are towed over the bottom the mouth of the net
is kept open by means of either beam, other boards or two boats pulling apart.
 Mid water trawls – this is a trawl net operated in the pelagic region either from a
single or two boats.

SWEEP TRAWLS BOTTOM TROWLS
MID WATER TRAWLS

14. CAST NET
What is cast net:-
 It is circular in shape looking like an umbrella with a strong rope attached
the apex .
 A cast net also called a throw net ,is a net used for fishing.
 This technique is called net casting or net throwing.
 Parts of cast net:-
 A number of weight of iron or lead are attached along margin and made by
nylon fiber .

15. SEINE NETS
A fishing net which hangs vertically in the water
with floats at the top and weights at the bottom
edge, the ends being drawn together to encircle the
fish.
Seine Net

16. SURROUNDING NET
These nets surrounding the fish
not only from the side but also
from the bottom. Included in this
category are lamparas nets, ring
nets and purse seines.
Lamparas nets— This gear is
shaped like a dust pan. There is no purse
line underneath.
 Purse seines— This are surrounding
gear provided with a purse line at the
bottom which when pulled the purse
rings close the bottom of the gear thus
preventing escape of fish. It can be
operated from a single or from two boats.
Mostly a single boat makes use of a skiff
for its operation.
Surrounding net
Lampara net
Purse seines

17. GILL NET
Gill nets—
The principle of the gilling is made use of in gill nets .They are long wall
of webbing hung vertically in the water. Depending on the mode of
operation they are either set gill net, drift gill net and encircling gears.

18.  Set gill nets – These are set in
water by means of anchors.
 Drift gill net—Gill net which are
allowed to drift with the current or
from a boat to which they are
attached.
Tangle nets—The method of capture
in tangle net is to entangle the fins, scales,
teeth etc. in the mesh
 Tangle net

19. Harvesting machines—This extract fish
from the water and then transports it on board
group includes all fishing gear which vessel.
There is use limited to a small number of spp.
Harvesting machines
i. Fish pumps--- Pumps are used to catch
fish which are attracted by light .pumps
fishing is the becoming popular for squids.
 Harvesting machine
Fish pump

20. Classification of fishing gear materials
1. Natural fibres
A)Vegetable fibres B)Animal fibres
a) Seed fibres (cotton) a) Wood
b) Best fibres (ramie) b) Hair
c) Leaf fibres (manila) c) Silk
d) Fruit fibres (coir)
2) Synthetic fibres
a) Polycondensation- Ex.- polyamide (PA), polyester (PES).
b) Polymeric compound- Ex.- polyvinile alcohol (PVAA), polyvinile chloride
(PVC).
c) Mixed polymer- Ex.-polyvinylidene chloride (PVD).
d) Polyadditive compound- Ex.- polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP).

21. Net Name (used in India) Catch fishes
1.Dol net Bombay duck
2.Pole line, Hand line, Hook line Tuna fish
3.Trap Iobster,Crab
4.Gill net Selective fish
5.Puse seine net Hilsha-ilisha
6.Trawls net Prawn
7.Scoop net / Dip net Prawns ,catfishes , murrels
8.Cast net Pelagic fish
9.Shore seinenet [Rampani net] Mackerel
10.Dredges net Mollusca snails
11.Bottom trawls net Mainly Demersal fish

22. NAME OF GEAR TYPE OF WATER STATE
Bandal River up
Ujhki/cheer River Up
Kohini Ganga Up
Do-Dondi River Up
Dewari River Up
Maha jal River Up
Chanti jal River Up
Gopal jal River Up
Kamel River Up
Chaundi jal River Up
Gochail jal River up

23. Reference:-
Fishing Gear and Craft Technology. By- Y.
Sreekrishna and Latha Shenoy. Chapter :- 4,
page no. :- 71- 97.
A Text Book of Fish Biology and Fisheries. BY-
S.S. Khanna & H. R. Shingh. Chapter :- 37,
page no. :- 384-394.
Picture downloaded by Internet
{https;//googleweblight.com} and Hand
sketched.