The document discusses best practices for web development, emphasizing the importance of accessibility, usability, and progressive enhancement in designing web content. It covers techniques for dealing with older browsers, such as using polyfills and shims, as well as the significance of responsive design and defensive design principles. The author advocates for a diverse web ecosystem to foster innovation and warns against relying solely on single vendor features or browser sniffing.

1. Angels
vs.
demons

3. Balancing
shiny
and
inclusive

4. Contact me!
cmills@opera.com
@chrisdavidmills
http://www.slideshare.net/chrisdavidmills
http://dev.opera.com
http://www.w3.org/community/webed/

5. What we’ll talk
about
‣ Do you really need The Shiny™?
‣ Progressively enhance, don’t rely on it
‣ Built in alternatives, versus building your own
‣ ...use polyfills/shims
‣ Don’t screw over your users!

6. Calling all good web
angels
‣ Accessibility
‣ Usability
‣ A whole web of devices to support
‣ Let’s be responsible!

7. Thou shalt make
content accessible
wherever possible

8. Generally this
means text
‣ Or a text alternative
‣ Alt text or longdesc really isn’t that expensive
‣ Transcripts/text tracks?

9. <canvas>/WebGL
are cool
‣ But don’t use them to build entire UIs!
‣ Use a base of HTML with enhancements on top

10. Optimize your
content...
‣ As much as possible across different browsing
contexts
‣ Responsive design rocks*

11. Responsive design
‣ The web is responsive by default
‣ So let’s try not to screw it up
‣ Media queries
‣ Responsive media
‣ Viewport

13. Thou shalt design
defensively

14. Defensive design by
default
‣ Is your content still readable without those
shadows, or background gradients
‣ Provide background colours as fallbacks
‣ Test thoroughly on older browsers
‣ A lot of the blingy stuff gracefully degrades

15. Example: CSS
animation
‣ If done properly, a lot of CSS animations and
transitions can be used unobtrusively
‣ For example, by default the element is set to be
in its usable state, but then the animation is
applied over the top to bring the animation to that
state

16. Example: Web fonts
‣ This is a perfect feature to use now!
‣ IE has supported EOT since IE4/5!
‣ You can use the bulletproof web font syntax - see
fontsquirrel.com

17. HTML5 <video>
<video controls>
<source src="video-file.mp4"
type="video/mp4">
<source src="video-file.webm"
type="video/webm">
<track src="en.vtt" kind="subtitles"
srclang="en" label="English subtitles">
<!-- Flash player often referenced in here: will
play the MP4 version of the video -->
</video>

18. Flash fallbacks
viable
‣ Flash can just load the MP4 version of the video
‣ Also consider jPlayer, Sublime, etc.
‣ And http://mediaelementjs.com/
‣ mediaelements even fakes the entire media API
in Flash/Silverlight

19. You can build in
support
for <track>
‣ Building in support when it doesn’t exist
‣ JSCaptions, Captionator, videosub, playr

20. Polyfills

21. Add in support
where needed
‣ Using JavaScript
‣ Fake SVG in old IE versions using VML
‣ Fake box-shadow using IE filters (although they
are evil — every time you use IE filters, god kills a
kitten)

22. Adding HTML5
support to browsers
‣ Older browsers don’t support them!
‣ But you can style any unknown element, so just
set all the “block level” elements to display as
block, at the top of your CSS:
‣ article { display: block; }

23. Oh, but IE 6-8 need
some more help
‣ They refuse to style unknown elements, unless
you create instances of them in the DOM
‣ document.createElement('article');

24. CSS3 PIE for CSS
bling support
‣ http://css3pie.com/
‣ Awesome little library
‣ Add support to IE6-8 for box-shadow, border-
radius, gradients and transparent colours
‣ But not text-shadow, which is a little frustrating

25. CSS3-
mediaqueries.js
‣ http://code.google.com/p/css3-mediaqueries-js/
‣ Add media queries support to IE
‣ A bit clunky, when you resize, but it works

26. Excanvas
‣ http://excanvas.sourceforge.net/
‣ Add <canvas> support to IE

27. Selectivizr
‣ http://selectivizr.com/
‣ Adds support for CSS3 selectors to IE6-8

28. Providing
alternatives with
Modernizr/yepnope

29. Modernizr
‣ The mother of all feature detection libraries
‣ Available at modernizr.com

30. Modernizr CSS
example
<html lang="en-US" class="no-js">
<head>
...
<script src="modernizr.js"></script>
...
</head>

31. Modernizr CSS
example
<html class=" js flexbox canvas canvastext webgl no-
touch geolocation postmessage no-websqldatabase
indexeddb hashchange history draganddrop websockets
rgba hsla multiplebgs backgroundsize borderimage
borderradius boxshadow textshadow opacity
cssanimations csscolumns cssgradients no-
cssreflections csstransforms no-csstransforms3d
csstransitions fontface generatedcontent video audio
localstorage no-sessionstorage webworkers
applicationcache svg inlinesvg smil svgclippaths"
lang="en-US">

32. Modernizr CSS
example
#wrapper:hover, #wrapper:focus {
transform: rotateX(180deg);
}

33. Modernizr CSS
example
.no-csstransforms3d #wrapper #front {
transition: 0.8s all ease-in;
}
.no-csstransforms3d #wrapper:hover #front,
.no-csstransforms3d #wrapper:focus #front {
transform: rotate(-30deg) translate(-50%,-100%);
}

34. Modernizr JS
example
function rotateForm() {
if(Modernizr.cssanimations &&
Modernizr.csstransforms3d) {
form.setAttribute("class","form-rotate");
} else {
back.style.zIndex = "5";
};
};

35. YepNope
yepnope({
test : Modernizr.geolocation,
yep : 'normal.js',
nope : ['polyfill.js', 'wrapper.js']
});

36. In general, this
rocks
‣ Modernizr/yepnope can add a fair bit of weight to
your page: 49KB for the full library
‣ But you can create a smaller custom version that
just includes the tests you need
‣ There are some things that can’t be detected

37. Thou shalt stop
lusting after a
monoculture

39. Not on my watch!
‣ A monoculture would ruin the web
‣ Competition is vital for innovation
‣ Browser vendors control standards
‣ If we had a monoculture, a single company
would control web standards
‣ Do we want one company to control the Web?

40. And we can make
this stuff work
cross browser
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#ff0000,#000000);
background: -moz-linear-gradient(#ff0000,#000000);
background: -ms-linear-gradient(#ff0000,#000000);
background: -o-linear-gradient(#ff0000,#000000);
background: linear-gradient(#ff0000, #000000);

42. Common sense
prevails?
‣ If you are going to use prefixed features, use all
the prefixes!
‣ Don’t use single vendor-only features
‣ If it’s only in one rendering engine, it means it’s
not ready yet

43. Thou shalt not
browser sniff, lest
ye be struck down

44. UA string chaos!
‣ Mosaic: NCSA_Mosaic/2.0 (Windows 3.1)
‣ Netscape: Mozilla/1.0 (Win3.1)
‣ IE: Mozilla/1.22 (compatible; MSIE 2.0;
Windows 95)
‣ Firefox: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows
NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.1) Gecko/20020826
‣ Konqueror: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible;
Konqueror/3.2; FreeBSD) (KHTML, like
Gecko)

45. ‣ Opera: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE
6.0; Windows NT 5.1; en) Opera 9.51, or
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0; U; en;
rv:1.8.1) Gecko/20061208 Firefox/2.0.0
Opera 9.51, or Opera/9.51 (Windows NT
5.1; U; en)
‣ Safari: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; PPC
Mac OS X; de-de) AppleWebKit/85.7
(KHTML, like Gecko) Safari/85.5
‣ Chrome: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U;
Windows NT 5.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/
525.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/
0.2.149.27 Safari/525.13

47. Thou shalt let user
agreements ruin your users’
experience!

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available third-party browsers), engines,
software, spiders, robots, avatars, agents, tools
or other devices or mechanisms to navigate,
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53. Compromise?