The document discusses anchorage in orthodontics, including definitions, classifications of anchorage, considerations for anchorage planning like increasing resistance and decreasing displacement potential, Tweed's concept of anchorage preparation, and anchorage considerations for different orthodontic tooth movements and mechanics. It provides an overview of key anchorage concepts and strategies for optimizing anchorage in orthodontic treatment.
Anchorage in orthodontics 3 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage in orthodontics 3 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Anchorage in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage & Its Management In Stage I Of Beggs technique/ fixed orthodontics...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Anchorage in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage & Its Management In Stage I Of Beggs technique/ fixed orthodontics...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage in orthodontics 2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Anchorage1 (2)/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy /...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Functional examination /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Extra oral examination /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Functional & ceph analysis for functional appliance /certified fixed ortho...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Functional analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
for online course please visit www.idalectures.com
for online interactive live courses/classes please visit
www.gotolectures.com.
The SlideShare 101 is a quick start guide if you want to walk through the main features that the platform offers. This will keep getting updated as new features are launched.
The SlideShare 101 replaces the earlier "SlideShare Quick Tour".
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage ortho_ /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Anch /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Anchorage in beggs technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Anchorage /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Biomechanics of tooth movement /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biomechanics in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Copy of biomechanics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Principles of removable partial dentures / orthodontic seminarsIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Stress breakers /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2.
Concept
Definition & Classification
Consideration of anchorage in three planes of
space
Anchorage planning (Methods to increase
anchorage potential)
Tweeds concept of anchorage preparation
Anchorage considerations with Begg
Anchorage considerations with PEA
Anchorage demand- minimum, moderate ,
maximum
Implants as a source of anchorage
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3.
Whenever a force is applied the stabilized site
from where the force is exerted is the
anchorage
Tug of warTwo equal sized people will pull each other
together by an equal amount.
A big person will pull a small one without being
moved.
If two or more smaller person combine the
chances of pulling a big person will increase.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4.
The pegs/ stakes driven into the ground at
an angle to support the tent
The stakes are at an angle that the pull of the
tent ropes against the stake would not
increase 90˚
The stakes driven too vertically will be pulled
upward & towards the tent.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5.
Newton & his laws of motion:
Law I: A thing at rest or in motion continues
to do so unless acted upon by an external
force
Law III : Every action has an equal &
opposite reaction
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6.
We know that to create movement / displacement,
we must have a force acting on the body.
For eg. Body (B) is at rest. Lets apply a force (F)
to move it to the left. The force (F) will have to
overcome the frictional force( Fr) bw the body (b) &
the surface (S), the gravitational force (G), only
then a particular movement will be seen.
If the force (F) is smaller in magnitude than the
sum (Fr+G), then no movement will take place.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7.
For every kind of movement there exist an
optimal force level, below which that
particular movement cannot be produced.
So this force level is the anchorage potential
of the body (B) for that particular movement
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8.
Let us now come to oral cavity & teeth.
If an upper canine is to be retracted, with
bodily movement using a fixed appliance,
the force applied to the canine is approx. 100
gm.
Forces in the opp. direction varying from 67
gm on the 1st molar to 33gm on the upper 2nd
PM resist this.
Minimum unwanted anterior movement of the
posterior teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10.
As the force level is increased to 300g the
reciprocal forces also increases with greater risk
of mesial movt. of post teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11.
The anchorage value of any tooth is roughly
equivalent to its root surface area
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. Relationship of tooth movt. To force
An obvious strategy for anchorage control
is to concentrate the force needed to
produce tooth movt where it is desired, &
to dissipate the reaction force to as many
other teeth as possible, keeping the
pressure in pdl of anchor teeth as low as
possible.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13.
Pressure in Pdl is determined by f/a.
Tooth movt increases as pressure
increases up to a point, remains at the
same level up to a broader range, & then
may actually decline with extremely heavy
pressure.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15.
The optimum force for orthodontic tooth
movement is the lightest force that
produces a maximum or near maximum
response (i.e, which brings pressure in the
PDL to the edge of the nearly constant
portion of the response curve).
Forces greater than that , though equally
effective in producing tooth movement,
would be unnecessarily traumatic &
stressful to the anchorage
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16.
Let us consider the response of anchor teeth
(A) & teeth to be moved (M) in three
circumstances.
In each case, the pressure in the Pdl of (A) is
less than that of (M) because there are more
teeth in the anchor unit.
In the first case(A1-M1), the pressure for the
teeth to be moved is optimal, where as the
pressure in anchor unit is suboptimal --Anchor teeth moved less
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18.
In the second case(A2-M2), both are on
the plateau of the pressure response
curve. The anchor teeth can be expected
to move as much as the teeth that are
desired to be moved.
With extremely high force(A3-M3), the
anchor teeth might move more than the
teeth it was desired to move. Although
this is theoretic & may not be encountered
clinically.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. Defination
The term Anchorage in orthodontics refers to
the nature & degree of resistance to
displacement offered by an anatomic unit
when used for the purpose of effecting tooth
movement
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. Classification
1. According to manner of force application
2. Acc. To jaws involved
3. Based on site of anchorage
4. Based on no. of anchorage units.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. Manner of force application
I. Simple Anchorage
2. Stationary Anchorage
3. Reciprocal Anchorage
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. Simple Anchorage
Dental anchorage in which manner &
application of force tends to change the axial
inclination of the tooth or teeth that form the
anchorage unit in the plane of space in which
the force is being applied.
Resistance of the anchorage unit to tipping is
utilized to move another tooth or teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Factors important for assessing
resistance value of an anchorage
unit( tooth)
The part of tooth which is anchored in the
alveolar bone
No. of roots
Shape, size & length of each root– A
triangular shaped root offers greater
resistance to movement than a conical or
ovoid shaped root
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. Or it can also be expressed as the approximate
root surface area.
A tooth with a larger R.S.A is more resistant to
displacement than one with a smaller R.S.A
Other factors are also involved such as
-- Relation of contiguous teeth
-- the forces of occlusion
--The age of pt
--individual tissue response variables
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25.
It is also imp. to check inclined plane
relationships & muscular forces in
assessing value of an anchorage unit.
Amt. of force used is also imp. The forces
should be below the threshold needed for
movt. of post. teeth while serving light
forces against the ant. teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. Stationary Anchorage
Dental anchorage in which manner &
application of force tends to displace the
anchorage unit bodily in the plane of space in
which the force is being applied is termed
Stationary anchorage.
Anchorage provided by a tooth which is
resisting bodily movt. Is considerably greater
than one resisting tipping force
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28.
This refers to the advantage that can be obtained
by pitting bodily movement of one gp. of teeth
against tipping of another.
For eg. If the appliance were arranged so that the
anterior teeth could tip lingualy while the posterior
teeth could only move bodily, the optimum
pressure for the anterior segment would be
produced by abt. 1/2 as much force as if the
anterior would be to be retracted bodily.
This would mean that the reaction over the post
teeth would be reduced by ½, so these teeth would
move ½ as much.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Reciprocal Anchorage
Refers to resistance offered by two malposed
units when the dissipation of equal & opp.
forces tends to move each unit towards a
more normal occlusion.
Two teeth or two gp. of teeth of equal
anchorage value are made to move in opp.
direction.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31.
Site of anchorage
classification……
Intraoral Anchorage Extra oral Anchorage
Cranium (occipital or
Teeth
parietal anchorage)
Back of neck (Cervical
Alveolar bone
anchorage
Basal bone
Facial bones
musculature
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. classification……
According to jaws involved
Intramaxillary Anchorage
All the resistance units are situated in the
same jaw
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33.
Intermaxillary Anchorage
Anchorage in which resistance units
situated in one jaw are used to effect tooth
movement in the opposing jaw.
Also termed Baker’s anchorage
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. classification……
Based on no. of anchorage units
Single or primary anchorage
Cases wherein the resistance provided by
a single tooth with greater alveolar support
is used to move another tooth with less
support
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36.
Compound Anchorage
Here the resistance provided by more
than one tooth with greater support is
used to move teeth with lesser support
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. Multiple / Reinforced Anchorage
More than one type of resistance unit is
utilized
Refers to augmentation of anchorage by
various means
-- extraoral forces
-- adding 2nd molars to the post unit to
augment post achorage
--Traspalatal arch
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. Three Dimensional Anchorage evaluation
Considering anchorage in all the three
planes (sagittal, vertical & transverse)
And subsequent anchorage planning is
very important before initiating any tooth
movements.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39.
Horizontal anchorage control means limiting
the mesial movt. Of post. Segment while
encouraging distal movt. Of ant. Segments.
For example, a "maximum anchorage Class II,
division 1 case" is one in which no forward
movement of the upper posterior segments is
allowed, but preparation is made for maximum
retraction of the upper anterior segment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40.
Vertical anchorage control involves limitation
of the vertical skeletal & dental development in
the post. Segments & the limitation of the
vertical eruption or even intrusion of the ant.
Segment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41.
In the transverse plane, it comprises of
maintenance of expansion procedures & the
avoidance of tipping or extrusion of posterior
teeth during expansion.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. ANCHORAGE PLANNING
Methods to increase anchorage potential
I . By increasing the resistance to
displacement
II. By decreasing the displacement
potential
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. Increasing the resistance to displacement
1. Increase the no. of teeth in the anchorage
unit ( increase root surface area)
2.Create Buccal segments
The post. teeth are connected by rigid sectional
arch wire(18×25, 19×25).Alternatively, in the
absence of brackets a rigid sectional arch wire
can be bonded to the teeth, to create a buccal
segment which acts like a large multirooted
tooth generating good post. anchorage.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. Increasing the resistance to displacement…..
3. Cortical anchorage
Moving the roots of anchor molar into the
cortex increases their resistance to
displacement.
4. Palatal , lingual arches , Nance’s
button
The bilateral buccal segments thus
connected offer significant benefits.
Incorporation of anterior vault of palate
enhances post. Anchorage.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. Increasing the resistance to displacement…
5. Extraoral anchorage
6. Muscular forces can be used to
augment anchorage such as through use
of lip bumper
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. Increasing the resistance to displacement…
7. Moments generated through cantilever
springs or base intrusion arches are
applied to anchor teeth. These create
distal tipping forces, which help to resist
anterior displacement of anchor units.
8. Implants, Ankylosed teeth
They are perfect egs of stationary
anchorage
www.indiandentalacademy.com
47. Decreasing the displacement potential
1. Reduce forces
2. Reduce friction
3. Sequential loading
1. Reduce forces ..movt. In stages
..using movements which require less force
www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. Decreasing the displacement potential….
2. Reduce friction .. Using frictionless mechanics
..use of optimal clearance bw bracket & arch wire.
0.002 clearance is advocated for using sliding
mechanics
… Optimal leveling to reduce binding effect
3. Sequential loading …Gradual progression
towards stiffer slot filling arch wires
www.indiandentalacademy.com
50. Tweed’s Classification of anchorage
First Degree Anchorage preparation
It is applicable to all malocclusions with ANB
angles ranging from 0˚ to 4˚ in which facial
esthetics are good and in which total
discrepancy does not exceed 10 mm.
It is mainly limited o high cuspid, crossbite
pseudo-Class III, and true Class III cases.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51.
The degree to which anchorage should be
prepared is minimal.
Mandibular terminal molars must always
be uprighted and / or maintained in such
an upright position as to prevent their
being elongated when Class II
intermaxillary force is used
www.indiandentalacademy.com
52.
As a general rule, this means that the
inclination of the mandibular terminal molars
should be such that the direction of pull of
the intermaxillary elastic force during function
will not exceed 90˚ when related to the long
axis to these teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
53.
Second degree anchorage preparation
Indicated when ANB exceeds 4.5˚and facial
esthetics make it desirable to move point B
anteriorly and point A posteriorly
.
These cases are usually Class II in nature
and require prolonged Class II intermaxillary
mechanics
www.indiandentalacademy.com
54.
They are accompanied by Type A, Type A
Subdivision, Type B and Type B
subdivision growth trends
The mandibular terminal molars must be
tipped distally so that their distal marginal
ridges are at gum level.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
55.
The direction of pull of the Class II elastics
when related to the long axes of the terminal
molars should be greater than 90˚ during
function, so that the terminal molars will be
further depressed rather than elongated
www.indiandentalacademy.com
56.
Third degree or total anchorage
preparation
It is necessary in extremely severe
malocclusion in which total discrepancy vary
from 14 to 20 mm or more but the ANB angle
does not exceed 5˚
Class I in nature, with exceedingly irregular
teeth.
Jigs are necessary for third degree or total
anchorage preparation in the mandibular
arch.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
57.
In these all three posterior teeth from and
including the second PM’s to and including the
terminal molars must be tipped distally to
anchorage preparation positions
This means that both second PM’s and first
molars must be tipped to such distoaxial
inclinations that the distal marginal ridges of the
terminal second molars are below gum level
www.indiandentalacademy.com
58.
In such positions, their mesial displacement
& elongation will not be great, during the
period when prolonged and vigorous
intermaxillary force is being used
www.indiandentalacademy.com
59.
Conventionally Begg technique is
considered to be kind on to the anchorage
& the PEA anchorage taxing
www.indiandentalacademy.com
60. Begg & PEA
Pinning of base arch wire
into anteriors generates
powerful posterior
anchorage by activating
the anchor bend
Simultaneous aligning,
leveling & retraction of
U/L anteriors
Anchorage is to be
actively created
Discreet phases of
aligning
Levelling /& retraction
of U/L anteriors, each
with its anchorage
considerations.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
61. Movts of ant. are in
2 stages, tipping &
uprighting which is
kind to the anchorage
Anteriors have the
freedom to tip in both
LL but importantly
mesiodistally.
Movt of ant. Are with
torque control which
places strain onto
the anchorage
No MD tipping
freedom
www.indiandentalacademy.com
62.
Loosing anchorage is
a definite & positive
decision
Conserving
anchorage is a definite
& positive decision
www.indiandentalacademy.com
63. Anchorage considerations with PEA
Anchorage control in PEA is very imp.
Because of the features built in the
appliance, which tend to procline the teeth
Let us examine diff. phases of treatment, &
how the anchorage can be controlled.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
64.
McLAUGHLIN & BENNETT defined
anchorage control during leveling and
aligning as "the maneuvers used to restrict
undesirable changes during the initial phase
of treatment, so that leveling and aligning is
achieved without key features of the
malocclusion becoming worse".
www.indiandentalacademy.com
65. Control of anchorage in the horizontal
plane
Anchorage control in the ant segment
Anchorage control in the post segment
www.indiandentalacademy.com
66. Anchorage control in the ant segment
In initial wires with preadjusted system,
tip built into anterior brackets increases
tendency of anterior teeth to tip forward.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
67. Early attempts were
made to minimize
tipping by connecting
the anterior and
posterior segments,
usually with elastic
forces.
But this created a
greater demand for
anchorage control,&
there was a tendency
for the anterior teeth
to tip and rotate
distally, increasing
the curve of Spee
and deepening the
bite.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
68. 1. Lacebacks For A-P canine control
These are .010 or .009 ligature wires which
extend from most distally banded bracket to
the canine bracket.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
69. They restrict canines from tipping forward during
leveling & aligning.
In extraction cases, these prevented cuspid
tipping & are an effective means of distalizing the
canines without the unwanted tipping.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
70.
Robinson investigated 57 PM Xn cases, ½
of which were treated with lace backs & ½
without.
His findings confirm that Lower canine lace
backs have beneficial effect in controlling
lower incisor proclination.
Without lace backs, the L.I moved forward
1.4 mm, in contrast, with lace backs in
place, the L.I moved 1mm distally.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
71. 2. Bend backs for A-P incisor control
Bending the arch wire behind the most distally
banded molar also minimizes forward tipping
of incisors.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
72.
Like lacebacks, bendbacks are continued
throughout leveling & aligning archwire
sequence.
In cases where it is necessary to increase
arch length, & where A-P control is not
required, bendbacks should be placed1 or 2
mm distal to molar tubes.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
73. Anchorage control in the post segment
In certain cases, it may be necessary for
the upper post segments to be limited in
their mesial movt, maintained in their
position or even distalized.
Headgear
Palatal Bar
Lingual arch
Lip Bumper
Class III elastics
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74. Headgears
Extra oral force is most effective method of
post anchorage control in U arch.
Anchorage reinforcement in vertical and
anteroposterior plane in extraction cases
with critical anchorage requirement
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75. According to the direction,
extra oral assemblies can be
grouped into:
(a) cervical – anchorage obtained from the
nape of the neck
(b) occipital – anchorage obtained from back of
the head
(c) parietal – the upper part of the back of the
head is used as anchorage
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79.
If the LF passes below the CR of the tooth,
as in cervical traction, an extrusive
component of force will be present.
If it passes above the CR of the tooth then
intrusive component of force will be present.
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80.
The combination headgear is useful in
most cases.
It minimizes the tendency for extrusion of
upper posterior teeth, While
simultaneously allowing effective
distalization of the molar
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81. Palatal Bar
Anchorage control –
Constructed of heavy .045 or .051 inch (1.1 or
1.3 mm) round wire extending from molar to
molar with a loop placed in the middle of the
palate& the wire abt 2mm from the roof of the
palate. It is soldered to the molar bands.
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82. The Nance holding arch
It extends from upper molars to the anterior
portion of the palatal vault.
A steep anterior palatal vault has a buttressing
effect so is a useful source of anchorage
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83. Lingual arch
Used as space maintainers
Used for max anchorage PM Xn cases
It restricts the mesial movt. of the lower
molars & ensures that most of the Xn space
is available for anterior alignment
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84. Lip Bumper
It transmits the lip pressure on the lower
molars & support the post anchorage.
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86. ClassIII Elastics & headgear
In cases with severe lower incisor crowding,
where more anchorage support is needed
that can be provided by a lingual arch alone,
Class III elastics can be worn to Kobayashi
tiewires in the lower canine region, at the
same time as a head gear.
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87. Vertical anchorage control
In case of distally tipped canines, the incisors
may be entirely bypassed, till the canines are
uprighted, to prevent deepening of the bite
anteriorly.
It is important to avoid early archwire
engagement of high labial canines, so that
unwanted vertical movement of laterals &
PM does not occur.
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88.
Vertical control of molars in high angle
cases
Upper 2nd molars are usually not initially
banded, to minimize extrusion of these
teeth.
If they reqire banding an arch wire step
can be placed behind the 1st molar to avoid
extrusion
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89.
If palatal bars are used, they are designed to
lie away from the palate by approx 2mm so
that tongue can exert an intrusive force.
Combination pull or high pull headgears are
used. Cervical pull HG is avoided.
In some cases, U/ L post bite plate in molar
region is helpful to minimize extrusion of
molars.
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90.
VHA, is essentially a
transpalatal arch with
an acrylic pad.
The VHA uses
tongue pressure to
reduce the vertical
dentoalveolar
development of
maxillary permanent
first molars.
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91.
The VHA was fabricated with banded
maxillary permanent first molars
connected with a 0.040-inch chrome
cobalt wire with a dime-size acrylic button
at the sagittal and vertical level of the
gingival margin of the molar bands.
Four helices were incorporated into the
wire configuration for flexibility.
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92.
VHA restricts and even helps to reduce
the percentage of lower anterior vertical
face height.
Evaluation of the vertical holding
appliance in treatment of high-angle
patients
Marcsss DeBerardinis, Tony Stretesky,
Pramod Sinha, and Ram S. Nanda,
Oklahoma City, Okla,
AJO 2000, volume 117
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93. Anchorage control in transverse plane
Inter canine width
Maintenance of intercanine width is
important for stability. They should be kept
as close as possible to the starting
dimensions.
Molar crossbites
They should be corrected by bodily movt.
Rather than tipping which extrudes the
palatal cusps.
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94. Summary
1.
Horizontal plane (anteroposterior)
A Control of anterior segments
Lacebacks
Bendbacks
B Control of posterior segments
Upper arch
Headgears
Transpalatal arch
Nance holding arch
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96. 2. Vertical plane
A Incisor control
Avoid engaging the incisor when the
canines have negative angulations.
Utility arches
B Molar control
Upper second molar banding to be avoided
initially (in high angle cases).
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97.
Expansion if required should be achieved by
bodily movement of the posterior teeth (in
high angle cases).
Transpalatal arch should be 2-3 mm away
from the palate.
High pull or combi pull headgear to be used.
Posterior bite planes or bite blocks
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98. 3. Lateral or transverse plane
A Maintenance of upper and lower intercanine
width.
B Correction of molar crossbite
Rapid maxillary expander,
Quad helix
Transpalatal arch.
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99. Retraction or space closure
ANCHORAGE CLASSIFICATION
Anchorage needs of an individual treatment
plan could vary from absolutely no mesial
movement of the molars/ premolars permitted
(or even distal movement of the molars
needed) to 100% of the space closure by
mesial protraction of the posterior teeth
Anchorage can be classified as:
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100. A Anchorage. This category describes the
critical maintenance of the posterior tooth
position. Seventy-five percent or more of
the extraction space is needed for anterior
retraction
B Anchorage This category describes
relatively symmetric space closure with
equal movement of the posterior and
anterior teeth to close the space. This is
the least difficult space closure problem
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101. C Anchorage This category describes non
critical anchorage. Seventy-five percent or
more of the space closure is achieved
through mesial movement of the posterior
teeth. This could also be considered to be
critical anterior anchorage .
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103. COMPONENTS OF FORCE SYSTEM
Alpha Moment
This is the moment acting on the anterior
teeth (often termed anterior torque).
Beta Moment
This is the moment acting on the posterior
teeth Tip-back bends places mesial to the
molars produce an increased beta moment
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104.
Horizontal Forces
These are the mesio distal forces
acting on the teeth. The distal force acting
on the anterior teeth always equal the
mesial forces acting on the posterior teeth.
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105.
Vertical Forces
There are intrusive-extrusive forces acting on
the anterior or posterior teeth. These forces
generally result unequal alpha and beta moments.
When the beta moments is greater than the alpha
moments, an intrusive forces acts on the anterior
teeth, if alpha moment is greater than the beta
moment, then extrusive forces act on the anterior
teeth while intrusive forces act on the posterior
teeth.
The magnitude of the vertical forces is dependent
on the difference between the moments and the
interbracket distance.
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106.
Symmetric Space Closure – Group B
Anchorage
The requirement for space closure include
equal translation of the anterior and posterior
segments into the extraction space. Equal and
opposite moments and forces are indicated.
A T-loop spring centered between the anterior
(canine) and posterior (molar) attachments
produces this force system.
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107.
Maximum Posterior Anchorage – Group A
Space Closure
The biomechanical paradigm for this space
closure problem is to increase the posterior M/F
ratio (beta M/F ratio) relative to the anterior M/F
ratio (alpha M/F ratio).
Utilizing the V-bend principle, the T-loop is
positioned closer to the posterior attachment or
the molar tube. The beta moment is greater
than the alpha moment, a vertical intrusive
force acts on the anterior segment.
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109.
Maximum Anterior Anchorage – Group C
Space Closure
The biomechanical principle reverses the
approach to Group A space closure. The alpha
(anterior) moment is increased relative to the
beta (posterior) moment.
The primary side effect is an extrusive force
acting on the anterior teeth. The difficulty
results from this extrusive force, thus
deepening the overbite.
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110. In Group C space closure with a segmented Tloop, the spring is positioned closer to the
anterior segment. It is important that the
anterior wire segment achieve full bracket
engagement; otherwise, the play within the
brackets reduces the effectiveness of the
moment differential.
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111. Implants as a source of anchorage
In contemporary orthodontics Implants is the
best source of anchorage, which doesn’t rely
on patient compliance.
The pioneering studies on oral implants was
done by LINKOW who is rightfully called the
Father of Oral Implantology
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112.
Implants are defined as alloplastic devices
which are surgically inserted into or onto the
jaw bone-Boucher.
Implants can be used for Space Closure.
They are used in the retromolar region to
move teeth distally or anteriorly for mesial
movement
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113.
Skeletal Anchorage System
(For open bite correction)
Sugawara; Umemori et al (AJO 1999;115)
They developed skeletal anchorage
system using Titanium plates as a source of
anchorage for intruding the molars.
The implants used are ‘L’ shaped Titanium
implants.
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115.
Surgical Procedure
Done under LA.
A mucoperiosteal flap is raised in the apical
region of the 1st or 2nd molar and the cortical
bone is exposed.
The ‘L’ shaped miniplate is adjusted to fit the
contour of the cortical bone and fixed to the
bone by using screws, with long arm exposed
to the oral cavity.
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116.
After wound healing occurs and elastic force
was applied from molar to the miniplate for
intrusion .
Lingual crown torque was applied in the
lingual arch to prevent the buccal flaring as
the molar intrudes and after the treatment the
miniplates are removed.
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117.
Skeletal Anchorage System
(For deep bite correction)
Creekmore;Eklund et al, the possibility of
skeletal anchorage (JCO 1983;17)
They inserted a surgical vitallium bone screw
just below anterior nasal spine.
Ten days after the screw was placed,a light
elastic thread was tied from the head of the
screw to the archwire
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118.
The elastic thread was renewed throughout
treatment,so that a continous force was
maintained 24 hrs a day.
After 1 year they found that the maxillary CI
were elevated 6mms and torqued lingually
about 25 degrees.
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121.
MiniImplant:Ryuzo kanomi; Miniimplant for
orthodontic anchorage ;(JCO 1997;31)
The author used an implant made of
miniscrews to fix the bone plates.
Minimplant-1.2mm in diameter
6mm in length
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126. Conclusion
It is very important to plan anchorage right
before hand so as to have a smooth
progression on to a predetermined optimal
end result.
Kind action always invoke kind reactions,
so always use kind action forces to have
kind reactions forces on the anchorage.
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127. References
1. Graber T.M: Orthodontics: Principles
& Practice. WB Saunders,1988
2. Profitt WR: Contemporary Orthodontics, Sr Louis, CV
Mosby,1986
3. Robert E Moyers: Handbook of Orthodontics,Year book
medical publishers,inc,1988
4. Thomas M Graber, Robert L Vanarsdall: Orthodontics
current principles& techniques,Mosby year book
inc,1994
5. Evaluation of the vertical holding appliance in
treatment of high-angle patients
Marcs DeBerardinis, Tony Stretesky, Pramod
Sinha, and Ram S. Nanda,
AJO 2000, volume 117
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128. Thank you
For more details please visit
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