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Anatomy Unit 5-Skeletal
and Muscular Systems

Quiz #1
EvErything
you nEEd
to Know
(1)

Skeletal Basics:
a. Parts = bones, joints, cartilage, marrow
b. Functions:
i. Support
ii. Protection
iii. Movement
iv. Storage for Minerals and Growth Hormones
v. Blood Cell Formation (within marrow)

(2)

Joints:
a. Connection point between 2 bones.
b. Contain cartilage in between to absorb shock and friction.
c. Increase mobility and range of motion.
d. Injuries:
i. Sprain = When you stretch / tear a ligament
ii. Dislocation = When you stretch / tear a ligament pushing
the bone out of socket

(3)

Bone Regions:
a. Axial = Center of the body = Skull, Vetebrae, Ribs, Center of
Pelvis
b. Appendicular = Sides of Body = Upper Limbs, Lower Limbs,
Shulders, Hips
(4)

Bone Types:
a. Long:
i. Functions = Weight Bearing + Structure / Support
ii. Examples = Arm + Leg Bones
b. Short:
i. Functions = Increase range of motion
ii. Examples = Wrist and Ankle Bones (Carpals / Tarsals)
c. Flat:
i. Functions = Protect soft tissue like plates of armor
ii. Examples = Sternum, Shoulder Blades, Ribs, Skull Bones
d. Irregular:
i. Functions = Connect and attach muscles/tendons/ligaments
to bones
ii. Examples = Hip Bones, Vertebrae
(5)

Structure of a Bone:
a. Compact Bone = Outer Layer = Dense + Solid
b. Spongy Bone = Inner Layer = Porous / Holy
i. Trabeculae = Thin needle-like pieces making the inner
holy part of spongy bone
ii. Gets filled with marrow
c. Diaphysis = Center Shaft
d. Epiphysis = Ends = Covered in Cartilage
e. Epiphyseal Line = At the Epiphyses = Remnant of Epiphyseal
Plate and Adolescent Growth
f. Periosteum = Membrane surrounding Compact Bone on outside
g. Endosteum = Membrane surrounding Spongy Bone on inside
(6)

Bone Composition:
a. Organic Parts:
i. Osteoblasts = Bone Cells = Baby Bone Cells that also
secrete Osteoid
ii. Osteocytes = Bone Cells = Mature Bone Cells
iii. Osteoclasts = Bone Cells = Cannibals that eat other bone
cells to get rid of excess / debris
iv. Osteoid = Nutrient Goo = Made of bone cells,
glycoproteins
v. THE ORGANIC PARTS MAKE BONE FLEXIBLE +
RESILIENT

b. Inorganic Parts:
i. Minerals (Calcium, Phospahte)
ii. THE INORGANIC PARTS MAKE BONE HARD AND
DENSE

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Anatomy unit 5 skeletal and muscular systems quiz #1 everything you need to know

  • 1. Anatomy Unit 5-Skeletal and Muscular Systems Quiz #1 EvErything you nEEd to Know
  • 2.
  • 3. (1) Skeletal Basics: a. Parts = bones, joints, cartilage, marrow b. Functions: i. Support ii. Protection iii. Movement iv. Storage for Minerals and Growth Hormones v. Blood Cell Formation (within marrow) (2) Joints: a. Connection point between 2 bones. b. Contain cartilage in between to absorb shock and friction. c. Increase mobility and range of motion. d. Injuries: i. Sprain = When you stretch / tear a ligament ii. Dislocation = When you stretch / tear a ligament pushing the bone out of socket (3) Bone Regions: a. Axial = Center of the body = Skull, Vetebrae, Ribs, Center of Pelvis b. Appendicular = Sides of Body = Upper Limbs, Lower Limbs, Shulders, Hips
  • 4. (4) Bone Types: a. Long: i. Functions = Weight Bearing + Structure / Support ii. Examples = Arm + Leg Bones b. Short: i. Functions = Increase range of motion ii. Examples = Wrist and Ankle Bones (Carpals / Tarsals) c. Flat: i. Functions = Protect soft tissue like plates of armor ii. Examples = Sternum, Shoulder Blades, Ribs, Skull Bones d. Irregular: i. Functions = Connect and attach muscles/tendons/ligaments to bones ii. Examples = Hip Bones, Vertebrae
  • 5. (5) Structure of a Bone: a. Compact Bone = Outer Layer = Dense + Solid b. Spongy Bone = Inner Layer = Porous / Holy i. Trabeculae = Thin needle-like pieces making the inner holy part of spongy bone ii. Gets filled with marrow c. Diaphysis = Center Shaft d. Epiphysis = Ends = Covered in Cartilage e. Epiphyseal Line = At the Epiphyses = Remnant of Epiphyseal Plate and Adolescent Growth f. Periosteum = Membrane surrounding Compact Bone on outside g. Endosteum = Membrane surrounding Spongy Bone on inside
  • 6.
  • 7. (6) Bone Composition: a. Organic Parts: i. Osteoblasts = Bone Cells = Baby Bone Cells that also secrete Osteoid ii. Osteocytes = Bone Cells = Mature Bone Cells iii. Osteoclasts = Bone Cells = Cannibals that eat other bone cells to get rid of excess / debris iv. Osteoid = Nutrient Goo = Made of bone cells, glycoproteins v. THE ORGANIC PARTS MAKE BONE FLEXIBLE + RESILIENT b. Inorganic Parts: i. Minerals (Calcium, Phospahte) ii. THE INORGANIC PARTS MAKE BONE HARD AND DENSE