In this pppt I have described surgical anatomy of chest wall, lungs and mediastinum. This will be useful to medical students, surgical residents and surgons
Dr, Kathirvel Gopalakrishnan
M.D.S (OMFS)
Presentation on Anterior triangles of neck which helps for a quick refresh.
Applied aspects described well and all slides will be informative with lot of image based examples
.Explain the extent, relations, blood supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage of the trachea.
3. Explain the applied anatomy of the trachea.
4. Define esophagus, explain the beginning, course, relations, constrictions, termination, nerve supply,
blood supply, and lymphatic drainage of esophagus
5. Explain the applied anatomy of the esophagus
6. Define thoracic duct, explain the origin, course, relations, termination, tributaries, and areas of
drainage of the thoracic duct
7. Explain the applied anatomy of the thoracic duct
In this pppt I have described surgical anatomy of chest wall, lungs and mediastinum. This will be useful to medical students, surgical residents and surgons
Dr, Kathirvel Gopalakrishnan
M.D.S (OMFS)
Presentation on Anterior triangles of neck which helps for a quick refresh.
Applied aspects described well and all slides will be informative with lot of image based examples
.Explain the extent, relations, blood supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage of the trachea.
3. Explain the applied anatomy of the trachea.
4. Define esophagus, explain the beginning, course, relations, constrictions, termination, nerve supply,
blood supply, and lymphatic drainage of esophagus
5. Explain the applied anatomy of the esophagus
6. Define thoracic duct, explain the origin, course, relations, termination, tributaries, and areas of
drainage of the thoracic duct
7. Explain the applied anatomy of the thoracic duct
• Gross anatomy:
– Components of the lymphatic system: lymphatic plexuses, lymphatics, lymphoid tissue
– Plan of the lymphatic system: Superficial lymphatic vessels, deep lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymph trunks, cysterna chyli, lymph ducts: right lymph duct and thoracic duct.
– Lymphatic drainage of the lower limb
• Superficial inguinal lymph nodes: arrangement and drainage area.
• Deep inguinal lymph nodes: arrangement and drainage area. The popliteal lymph nodes
– Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb
• Superficial and deep lymphatics. Supratrochlear and infraclavicular lymph nodes.
• Axillary lymph nodes: arrangement and drainage area.
– Plan of the lymphatic drainage of the head and neck: deep cervical lymph nodes, inner and outer circle of lymph nodes.
• Deep cervical lymph nodes: location of the upper and lower groups, jugulodigastric node, jugulo-omohyoid, supraclavicular lymph nodes. Drainage area and efferent vessels.
• The outer circle of lymph nodes: submental, submandibular, buccal, mandibular, parotid, mastoid, occipital: location, drainage area and efferent vessels.
• The inner circle of lymph nodes: pretracheal, paratracheal and retropharyndeal.
• The tonsils and Waldeyer’s ring.
– Lymphatic drainage of the thorax:
• Lymph nodes of the chest wall: Parasternal, intercostal, and phrenic
• Lymph nodes of the mediastinum: Nodes around the division of the trachea and the main bronchi, anterior and posterior mediastinal nodes.
– Plan of lymphatic drainage of the abdomen: lumbar and intestinal lymph trunks.
• Pre-aortic lymph nodes: mesenteric, celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric lymph nodes.
• Para-aortic lymph nodes.
• MALT & Peyer’s patches.
– Lymphatic drainage in the pelvis: External and internal iliac lymph nodes, lymph nodes in fascial sheaths, sacral and common iliac lymph nodes.
• Applied anatomy
• Functional and clinical importance of the lymphatic system; Virchow’s lymph nodes; Retropharyngeal abscess; Clinical applications of enlarged thoracic lymph nodes: involvement of left recurrent laryngeal nerve and phrenic nerve. Pressure on the esophagus. Carinal lymph nodes and bronchoscopy; Communications of lymphatics between thorax and abdomen.
• Radiographic anatomy:
– Lymphangiogrms.
• Surface anatomy of palpable lymph node groups: superficial inguinal, axillary, infraclavicular, outer circle of crevical lymph nodes, deep cervical lymph nodes.
this is Dr.haider's lec, the one we took today , he left it on the desktop and said you can take it =D and btw for the pics he said check any anatomy book even the ones in the library
Pharynx is a conical fibromuscular tube forming upper part of the air and food passages. It is 12–14 cm long, extending from base of the skull to the lower border of cricoid.
Thoracic wall is made up of bones bones, cavity, muscles and organs. Also, the presence of blood vessels and lymphatics.
Specifically, this presentation talks about the bony thoracic region such as ribs, sternum and vertebrae.
• Gross anatomy:
– Components of the lymphatic system: lymphatic plexuses, lymphatics, lymphoid tissue
– Plan of the lymphatic system: Superficial lymphatic vessels, deep lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymph trunks, cysterna chyli, lymph ducts: right lymph duct and thoracic duct.
– Lymphatic drainage of the lower limb
• Superficial inguinal lymph nodes: arrangement and drainage area.
• Deep inguinal lymph nodes: arrangement and drainage area. The popliteal lymph nodes
– Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb
• Superficial and deep lymphatics. Supratrochlear and infraclavicular lymph nodes.
• Axillary lymph nodes: arrangement and drainage area.
– Plan of the lymphatic drainage of the head and neck: deep cervical lymph nodes, inner and outer circle of lymph nodes.
• Deep cervical lymph nodes: location of the upper and lower groups, jugulodigastric node, jugulo-omohyoid, supraclavicular lymph nodes. Drainage area and efferent vessels.
• The outer circle of lymph nodes: submental, submandibular, buccal, mandibular, parotid, mastoid, occipital: location, drainage area and efferent vessels.
• The inner circle of lymph nodes: pretracheal, paratracheal and retropharyndeal.
• The tonsils and Waldeyer’s ring.
– Lymphatic drainage of the thorax:
• Lymph nodes of the chest wall: Parasternal, intercostal, and phrenic
• Lymph nodes of the mediastinum: Nodes around the division of the trachea and the main bronchi, anterior and posterior mediastinal nodes.
– Plan of lymphatic drainage of the abdomen: lumbar and intestinal lymph trunks.
• Pre-aortic lymph nodes: mesenteric, celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric lymph nodes.
• Para-aortic lymph nodes.
• MALT & Peyer’s patches.
– Lymphatic drainage in the pelvis: External and internal iliac lymph nodes, lymph nodes in fascial sheaths, sacral and common iliac lymph nodes.
• Applied anatomy
• Functional and clinical importance of the lymphatic system; Virchow’s lymph nodes; Retropharyngeal abscess; Clinical applications of enlarged thoracic lymph nodes: involvement of left recurrent laryngeal nerve and phrenic nerve. Pressure on the esophagus. Carinal lymph nodes and bronchoscopy; Communications of lymphatics between thorax and abdomen.
• Radiographic anatomy:
– Lymphangiogrms.
• Surface anatomy of palpable lymph node groups: superficial inguinal, axillary, infraclavicular, outer circle of crevical lymph nodes, deep cervical lymph nodes.
this is Dr.haider's lec, the one we took today , he left it on the desktop and said you can take it =D and btw for the pics he said check any anatomy book even the ones in the library
Pharynx is a conical fibromuscular tube forming upper part of the air and food passages. It is 12–14 cm long, extending from base of the skull to the lower border of cricoid.
Thoracic wall is made up of bones bones, cavity, muscles and organs. Also, the presence of blood vessels and lymphatics.
Specifically, this presentation talks about the bony thoracic region such as ribs, sternum and vertebrae.
To describe the structure of the thorax, cutaneous innervations of thorax (concept of the myotomes and dermatomes) and of bony framework that forms part of the thorax, and how it is adapted to their functions
To define the thorax, rib cage and thoracic wall.
To describe the structures that form the boundary of the rib cage i.e ribs, sternum, vertebrae.
To outline the clinical importance of the structures that form the rib cage.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Anatomy of Thorax
1. Thoracic Surgery
Dr. Yusuf Shieba Elhamd
Cardiothoracic Surgery Department
Qena Faculty of Medicine
Tel: 01018110686
Fb: @yusufshieba
www.ctsqena.com
3. Anatomy of the Thorax
• Because of the special functions of the heart and lungs, the chest
cage provides two basic functions:
1. Protects the heart, great vessels, and lung from damage.
2. Takes part in respiration with the diaphragm and the extrathoracic
muscles.
4. Thoracic Cage
The thoracic cage (rib cage) forms the thorax (chest) portion of the
body.
It consists of the
• 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages.
• Sternum.
• 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12).
5.
6. Sternum
The sternum, is a flat bone
with three major parts:
• Manubrium.
• Body.
• Xiphoid process.
7. Manubrium
The manubrium located
superiorly, is the thickest
component articulating with:
• Clavicles
• First and second ribs.
A palpable suprasternal notch
is found at the superior border
of the manubrium.
8. Body of the Sternum
• Body f the sternum, articulating laterally with ribs three to
seven.
• The sternal angle, is the anterior angle formed by the
junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum.
This easily palpated structure is in level with the second
costal cartilage anteriorly and thoracic vertebrae T4 and
T5 posteriorly.
9. Xiphoid
• The most caudal aspect of the sternum
is the xiphoid process, a plate of
hyaline cartilage that ossifies later in
life.
• The sternal angle marks the level of
bifurcation of the trachea into the right
and left main stem bronchi and
provides for the pump-handle action of
the sternal body during inspiration.
10. Pectus Excavatum
• PE is a common congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the
chest in which several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally result
in sunken appearance of the chest.
• It is present at birth, but rapidly progresses during the years of bone
growth in the early teenage years.
• These patients have several pulmonary complications, including
shortness of breath and often have cardiac complications caused by
the restriction of the heart.
11. Median Sternotomy
• To gain access to the thoracic cavity for surgery,
including CABG, Valvular Cardiac Surgery, and
Pediatric Surgery, the sternum is split in the
median plane and retracted. This procedure is
known as a median sternotomy.
• Flexibility of the ribs and cartilage allows for
separation of the two ends of the sternum to
expose the thoracic cavity.
12. Ribs
• The ribs, although considered “flat” bones, curve
forward and downward from their posterior
vertebral attachments toward their costal cartilages.
• Types of Ribs:
• True ribs 1st to 7th ribs.
• False ribs 8th, 9th, 10th ribs.
• Floating ribs 11th, and 12th ribs.
13. Ribs
• Each rib typically has a vertebral end
separated from a sternal end by the
body or shaft of the rib.
• The head of the rib (at its vertebral
end) is distinguished by a twin-
faceted surface for articulation with
the facets on the bodies of two
adjacent thoracic vertebrae.
14. Ribs
• The cranial facet is smaller than the caudal, and a
crest between these permits attachment of the
interarticular ligament.
• Typical ribs three to nine, each with common
characteristics, including a head, neck, tubercle, and
body.
15. Typical Ribs
• The neck is the 1-inch long portion of the rib extending laterally from the head; it
provides attachment for the anterior costotransverse ligament along its cranial border.
• The tubercle at the junction of the neck and the body of the rib consists of an articular
and a nonarticular portion.
The articular part of the tubercle (the more medial and inferior of the two) has a
facet for articulation with the transverse process of the inferior-most vertebra to
which the head is connected.
The nonarticular part of the tubercle provides attachment for the ligament of the
tubercle.
16. Typical Ribs
• The shaft, or body, of the rib is bent in two directions and twisted,
presenting two surfaces (internal and external) and two borders
(superior and inferior).
• A costal groove for the intercostal vessels and nerve extends along the
inferior border dorsally but changes to the internal surface at the angle of the
rib.
• The sternal end of the rib terminates in an oval depression into which the
costal cartilage makes its attachment.
17. Clinical Correlation
• Although rib fractures may occur in various
locations, they are more common in the weakest
area where the shaft of the ribs bend—the area
just anterior to its angle.
• The first rib does not usually fracture, as it is
protected posteroinferiorly by the clavicle.
18. Rib Fractures
• When 1st rib is injured, the brachial plexus of
nerves and subclavian vessel injury may occur.4
• Lower rib fractures may cause trauma to the
diaphragm resulting in a diaphragmatic hernia.
19. Rib Fractures
• Rib fractures are extremely painful because
of their profound nerve supply. It is
important for all therapists to recommend
breathing, analgesia, and coughing
strategies for patients with rib fractures.
• Paradoxical breathing patterns and a flail
chest may also need to be evaluated in light
of multiple rib fractures in adjacent ribs.
20. Costal Groove
• Chest tubes are inserted
above the ribs to avoid
trauma to vessels and
nerves found within the
costal groove.
21. Chest
Tube
A chest tube insertion involves the
surgical placement of a hollow,
flexible drainage tube into the
chest.
This tube is used to drain blood,
air, or fluid around the lungs and
effectively allow the lung to
expand.
The tube is placed between the ribs
and into the space between the
inner lining and the outer lining of
the lung (pleural space).
23. Atypical Ribs
• The 1st, 2nd, 10th, 11th, and 12th ribs are
atypical ribs.
• The 1st rib is the shortest and most
curved of all the ribs. Its head is small
and rounded and has only one facet
for articulation with the body of the
first thoracic vertebra. The sternal end
of the first rib is larger and thicker
than it is in any of the other ribs.
24. • The 2nd rib, although longer than
the 1st, is similarly curved. The
body is not twisted. There is a
short costal groove on its internal
surface posteriorly.
• The 10th through 12th ribs each
have only one articular facet on
their heads.
• The eleventh and twelfth ribs
(floating ribs) have no necks or
tubercles and are narrowed at their
free anterior ends.
• The twelfth rib sometimes is
shorter than the first rib.