Anatomical Adaptation of plants
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
12 likes•10,293 views
This document is a submission from Arusa Mansoor, a student in the 5th semester of the BS Hons Botany program at The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. She has submitted this document to Sir Sarwer and includes her roll number of 50 for the evening program.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Anatomical adaptations of plants
Plants have adaptations to help them survive (live and grow) in different areas. Adaptations are special features that allow a plant or animal to live in a particular place or habitat. These adaptations might make it very difficult for the plant to survive in a different place.
This explains why certain plants are found in one area, but not in another. For example, you wouldn't see a cactus living in the Arctic. Nor would you see lots of really tall trees living in grasslands.
This presentation focuses on anatomical adaptations of three major types of plants: Hydrophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes.
Vascular Cambium & Seasonal activity & its Role in Stem & Root
Vascular Cambium & Seasonal activity & its Role in Stem & Root:
The vascular cambium (pl. cambia or cambiums) is a lateral meristem in the vascular tissue of plants.
The vascular cambium is a cylindrical layer of cambium that runs through the stem of a plant that undergoes secondary growth.
In Dicots:
The vascular cambium is in dicot stems and roots, located between the xylem and the phloem in the stem and root of a vascular plant, and is the source of both the secondary xylem growth (inwards, towards the pith) and the secondary phloem growth (outwards).
In Monocots:
Monocot stems, such as corn, palms and bamboos, do not have a vascular cambium and do not exhibit secondary growth by the production of concentric annual rings. They cannot increase in girth by adding lateral layers of cells as in conifers and woody dicots.
Cambium of some plants remains active for the entire period of their life, i.e., cambial cells divide and resulting cells mature to form xylem and phloem elements.
This type of seasonal activity usually found in the plants present in the tropical regions, and not all plants show cambial activity.
Percentage of ringless trees in the rain forests of; India : 75% Amazon : 43% Malaysia : 15%
In regions with definite seasonal climate; seasonal activity of cambium ceased with onset of unfavorable conditions; In Autumn, it enters the dormant state and lasts for the end of summer; In Spring, cambium again becomes active.
Duration of cambial activity is also affected by day-length, e.g., In Robinia pseudoacacia, cambium is dormant under short-day condition.
The cambium cells formed in circular in cross section from the beginning onwards.
The cambial ring is partially primary (fascicular cambium) and partially secondary (interfascicular cambium).
Periderm originates from the cortical cells (extra stelar in origin).
In Dicot stem, for mechanical support xylem is with comparatively smaller vessels, greater fibers and less parenchyma.
More amount of cork is produces for protection.
Lenticels on periderm are very prominent.
The cambial ring formed is wavy in the beginning and later becomes circular.
The cambium ring is completely secondary in origin.
Periderm originates from the pericycle (intra stelar in origin).
In Dicot root, xylem is with big thin walled vessels with few fibers and more parenchyma.
Less amount of cork is produced as root is underground.
Lenticels on periderm are not very prominent.
Economic aspects of anatomy
There Are Occasions When Herbarium Botanists Find That It Is Difficult To Assign A Particular Species Or Genus To A Family.
General Affinities Are Suspected But There Is Insufficient Evidence For Them To Place A Taxon In A Particular Family.
Additional Anatomical Evidence May Be Of Help And There Are Many Times When Little Extra Helpful Information Comes From The Anatomy.
Laticifers
Derived from the word latex meaning juice in latin. sometimes called lactiferous cells or vessels from the latin word for milk, lac
According to origin simple laticifer derived from a single cell or union of cells.
Laticifers can be defined as a specialized cell or a row of such cells that secrete the milky fluid termed latex. The word laticifer is used as a general term to denote the various latex-secreting structures latex cell, latex vessel, latex duct, latex tube and laticiferous duct. The laticiferous duct is a cavity into which latex is secreted.
Laticifers
The document discusses different types of secretory tissues in plants, specifically laticifers. Laticifers are specialized parenchyma cells that transport latex, a suspension containing various substances like resins, proteins, oils, alkaloids and sugars. Laticifers can be non-articulate or articulate. Non-articulate laticifers are long multinucleated cells that branch extensively through tissues. Articulate laticifers form longitudinal chains of cells joined end to end, resembling xylem vessels. Articulate laticifers can be non-anastomosing or anastomosing, where the latter form net-like reticula through lateral connections. Specific plant families and examples of
Leaf structure, adaptations, development
Leaves develop from leaf primordia in the shoot apical meristem. They have three main parts - the lamina, petiole, and leaf base. The lamina is the broad, typically green, photosynthetic part of the leaf. Leaves come in many shapes and sizes and have a variety of venation patterns and arrangements on the stem. Leaves also have many modified forms that take on additional functions like storage or reproduction.
Seed dormancy
Seed dormancy allows seeds to remain dormant during unfavorable conditions until conditions become suitable for germination. There are two main types of dormancy - primary and secondary. Primary dormancy occurs due to internal factors like hormones, while secondary dormancy is caused by external factors like temperature. Dormancy can be overcome through methods like scarification, stratification, hormone treatment, and photoperiod manipulation. Seed dormancy provides important biological benefits like survival during drought or frost and dispersal to new areas.
CONTROL OF XYLEM AND PHOLEM DIFFERENTIATION .pptx
Plant vascular systems are usually composed of phloem and xylem. Phloem often develops without xylem, whereas xylem does not form without phloem. Low levels of auxin induce phloem differentiation but not xylem, while high auxin induces both. Other factors like gibberellic acid, sugars, leaves, roots, cytokinins, pressure and ethylene also influence phloem and xylem differentiation. The dynamic interplay between these various signals precisely controls vascular development.
Recommended
Anatomical adaptations of plants
Plants have adaptations to help them survive (live and grow) in different areas. Adaptations are special features that allow a plant or animal to live in a particular place or habitat. These adaptations might make it very difficult for the plant to survive in a different place.
This explains why certain plants are found in one area, but not in another. For example, you wouldn't see a cactus living in the Arctic. Nor would you see lots of really tall trees living in grasslands.
This presentation focuses on anatomical adaptations of three major types of plants: Hydrophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes.
Vascular Cambium & Seasonal activity & its Role in Stem & Root
Vascular Cambium & Seasonal activity & its Role in Stem & Root:
The vascular cambium (pl. cambia or cambiums) is a lateral meristem in the vascular tissue of plants.
The vascular cambium is a cylindrical layer of cambium that runs through the stem of a plant that undergoes secondary growth.
In Dicots:
The vascular cambium is in dicot stems and roots, located between the xylem and the phloem in the stem and root of a vascular plant, and is the source of both the secondary xylem growth (inwards, towards the pith) and the secondary phloem growth (outwards).
In Monocots:
Monocot stems, such as corn, palms and bamboos, do not have a vascular cambium and do not exhibit secondary growth by the production of concentric annual rings. They cannot increase in girth by adding lateral layers of cells as in conifers and woody dicots.
Cambium of some plants remains active for the entire period of their life, i.e., cambial cells divide and resulting cells mature to form xylem and phloem elements.
This type of seasonal activity usually found in the plants present in the tropical regions, and not all plants show cambial activity.
Percentage of ringless trees in the rain forests of; India : 75% Amazon : 43% Malaysia : 15%
In regions with definite seasonal climate; seasonal activity of cambium ceased with onset of unfavorable conditions; In Autumn, it enters the dormant state and lasts for the end of summer; In Spring, cambium again becomes active.
Duration of cambial activity is also affected by day-length, e.g., In Robinia pseudoacacia, cambium is dormant under short-day condition.
The cambium cells formed in circular in cross section from the beginning onwards.
The cambial ring is partially primary (fascicular cambium) and partially secondary (interfascicular cambium).
Periderm originates from the cortical cells (extra stelar in origin).
In Dicot stem, for mechanical support xylem is with comparatively smaller vessels, greater fibers and less parenchyma.
More amount of cork is produces for protection.
Lenticels on periderm are very prominent.
The cambial ring formed is wavy in the beginning and later becomes circular.
The cambium ring is completely secondary in origin.
Periderm originates from the pericycle (intra stelar in origin).
In Dicot root, xylem is with big thin walled vessels with few fibers and more parenchyma.
Less amount of cork is produced as root is underground.
Lenticels on periderm are not very prominent.
Economic aspects of anatomy
There Are Occasions When Herbarium Botanists Find That It Is Difficult To Assign A Particular Species Or Genus To A Family.
General Affinities Are Suspected But There Is Insufficient Evidence For Them To Place A Taxon In A Particular Family.
Additional Anatomical Evidence May Be Of Help And There Are Many Times When Little Extra Helpful Information Comes From The Anatomy.
Laticifers
Derived from the word latex meaning juice in latin. sometimes called lactiferous cells or vessels from the latin word for milk, lac
According to origin simple laticifer derived from a single cell or union of cells.
Laticifers can be defined as a specialized cell or a row of such cells that secrete the milky fluid termed latex. The word laticifer is used as a general term to denote the various latex-secreting structures latex cell, latex vessel, latex duct, latex tube and laticiferous duct. The laticiferous duct is a cavity into which latex is secreted.
Laticifers
The document discusses different types of secretory tissues in plants, specifically laticifers. Laticifers are specialized parenchyma cells that transport latex, a suspension containing various substances like resins, proteins, oils, alkaloids and sugars. Laticifers can be non-articulate or articulate. Non-articulate laticifers are long multinucleated cells that branch extensively through tissues. Articulate laticifers form longitudinal chains of cells joined end to end, resembling xylem vessels. Articulate laticifers can be non-anastomosing or anastomosing, where the latter form net-like reticula through lateral connections. Specific plant families and examples of
Leaf structure, adaptations, development
Leaves develop from leaf primordia in the shoot apical meristem. They have three main parts - the lamina, petiole, and leaf base. The lamina is the broad, typically green, photosynthetic part of the leaf. Leaves come in many shapes and sizes and have a variety of venation patterns and arrangements on the stem. Leaves also have many modified forms that take on additional functions like storage or reproduction.
Seed dormancy
Seed dormancy allows seeds to remain dormant during unfavorable conditions until conditions become suitable for germination. There are two main types of dormancy - primary and secondary. Primary dormancy occurs due to internal factors like hormones, while secondary dormancy is caused by external factors like temperature. Dormancy can be overcome through methods like scarification, stratification, hormone treatment, and photoperiod manipulation. Seed dormancy provides important biological benefits like survival during drought or frost and dispersal to new areas.
CONTROL OF XYLEM AND PHOLEM DIFFERENTIATION .pptx
Plant vascular systems are usually composed of phloem and xylem. Phloem often develops without xylem, whereas xylem does not form without phloem. Low levels of auxin induce phloem differentiation but not xylem, while high auxin induces both. Other factors like gibberellic acid, sugars, leaves, roots, cytokinins, pressure and ethylene also influence phloem and xylem differentiation. The dynamic interplay between these various signals precisely controls vascular development.
Nodule formation and nod factors
symbiotic nitrogen fixation in higher plants is associated with nodule formation which is assisted by specific proteins, the nod factors
Bud dormancy
This document discusses bud dormancy in plants. It defines a bud as an undeveloped shoot that occurs in the axil of a leaf or stem tip. Buds can remain dormant for some time before developing. There are different types of buds based on location, status, morphology, and function. Terminal buds are at stem tips while axillary buds are in leaf axils. Resting buds form at the end of the growth season and will lie dormant until the next season starts. External factors like water, oxygen, and suitable temperatures can affect dormancy along with internal seed maturity and hormone levels.
Abnormal secondary growth in dicot stem
1. The document discusses various types of anomalous structures that can occur in dicot stems, including the presence of medullary or cortical bundles, absence of vessels, abnormal cambium activity, presence of phloem bundles or scattered vascular bundles, and presence of interxylary or included phloem.
2. It provides examples of these anomalies in specific plants like Boerhaavia, Achyranthus, Bignonia, Amaranthus, Mirabilis, and Leptadenia. In these plants, the anomalous structures arise due to abnormal primary structure, abnormal secondary growth, or abnormal cambium behavior.
3. The secondary growth in some plants like Boerhaavia, Achyran
Oxygen Deficiency In Plants
This Presentation will provide you overall material about the oxygen deficiency in Plants and this material is very useful if anybody follow
Fossil Pteredophytes by P. shivakumar singh ppt
1. The document discusses the evolution and classification of early vascular land plants, known from fossil evidence. It describes important plant groups from the Ordovician to Devonian periods, including Cooksonia, Rhynia, Aglaophyton, Zosterophyllum, trimerophytes, lycophytes, equisetales, and progymnosperms.
2. Many of these early plants were found preserved as fossils in sites like Rhynie, Scotland, which provide important insights into the origin and diversification of vascular plants.
3. By the late Devonian and Carboniferous periods, lycophytes had diversified and some groups included large trees, while ferns and hor
Response of Plant to Stress by Abu Khairul Bashar
Plants can respond to stress in several ways, such as escaping stress during less stressful periods or suffering injury if unable to cope. Stress resistant plants can tolerate stresses through avoidance or tolerance. Water stress and temperature stress are two major abiotic stresses plants face. Water stress arises from water deficit or excess and can reduce growth, photosynthesis and metabolism. Temperature stress includes high and low temperatures, with chilling and freezing stresses below a plant's tolerance limits damaging membranes, chlorophyll and more.
Xerosere
Ecological succession begins on bare rock surfaces through pioneering crustose lichens. As lichens decompose, they provide nutrients for mosses to grow. Moss growth traps more soil particles and creates suitable conditions for herbs. Herbaceous plants further weather the rock and add humus. Shrubs later invade and are followed by trees, which constitute the climax forest community. Multiple intermediate seral stages typically evolve over time as the ecosystem advances towards its climax conditions.
Mechanism of stomatal regulation
Stomata are tiny pores on plant leaves that open and close to regulate gas exchange. They are bordered by a pair of guard cells that swell and contract to control the opening width. During the day, photosynthesis in guard cells produces sugar, increasing their turgor pressure and causing stomata to open. At night, the lack of photosynthesis allows starch to accumulate, decreasing turgor pressure and prompting stomatal closure. Potassium ion transport is also important - influx of K+ into guard cells during the day increases their solute content and turgor, while efflux at night decreases turgor. Together, these mechanisms allow plants to control gas exchange through stomatal openings in response to light
Vernalization
Vernalization is the process by which flowering is promoted through a cold treatment given to hydrated seeds or growing plants. Cold exposure cuts short the vegetative period, resulting in early flowering. Two main theories explain vernalization's mechanism: the phasic development theory proposes cold exposure accelerates plant development phases, while hormonal theories suggest cold induces a floral hormone called vernalin. Epigenetic changes in gene expression from cold exposure may also play a role, stably altering flowering gene expression even after the cold is removed. Vernalization has practical applications in agriculture by promoting early flowering, increasing disease resistance, and aiding crop improvement.
Types of seed dormancy & Methods to overcome it
This document discusses types of seed dormancy and methods to overcome dormancy. There are several types of dormancy including seed coat dormancy, dormancy due to rudimentary embryos, dormancy due to chemical inhibitors, and dormancy due to internal factors. Methods to overcome dormancy include mechanical scarification, soaking seeds in water, acid treatment, cold stratification, dry storage, and treatment with chemicals like gibberellic acid. Overcoming dormancy allows seeds to germinate when conditions are suitable.
Systemic acquired Resistance
The document discusses systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which confers long-lasting protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens. SAR is induced by initial infection and involves the signaling molecule salicylic acid, leading to accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins throughout the plant. Key regulators of SAR include NPR1, which is required for SAR, and salicylic acid, which is involved in transmitting the defense signal systemically.
Dahlgren’s system
Rolf Dahlgren was a Danish botanist who published an influential plant classification system in 1975. He used a two-dimensional graphic system called a Dahlgrenogram to display phylogenetic relationships among plant groups. Dahlgren's system was based primarily on morphological and chemical characteristics and divided angiosperms into 31 superorders within two subclasses. While comprehensive, it considered only flowering plants and did not classify below the family level. Subsequent molecular studies have revised placements of some families from Dahlgren's system.
Plant stress definition and classification
The document discusses various types of stress that can affect plants, including biotic stress from pathogens and abiotic stress from physical and chemical factors like drought, flooding, temperature extremes, light levels, salt levels, air pollution, wind, and nutrient deficiencies or toxicities. It describes how each stress can impact plant growth and physiology and outlines some strategies plants use to tolerate or avoid stress, such as escaping the stress period, avoiding stress through morphological adaptations, or tolerating stress through physiological and biochemical mechanisms.
C3,C4 & CAM pathway
This document summarizes three carbon fixation pathways: C3, C4, and CAM. The C3 pathway fixes carbon through the Calvin cycle in one chloroplast type. The C4 pathway fixes carbon through the Hatch and Slack cycle across two chloroplast types. The CAM pathway alternates between acidification at night and deacidification during the day. C4 pathways allow for higher photosynthesis rates compared to C3, while CAM pathways allow succulent plants to conserve water through nighttime stomatal closure.
evidences of anatomy, cytology and chemistry to plant taxonomy
taxonomy is based on other disciplines of sciences. in this presentation, there is discussion how anatomy, cytology and chemistry influnces the taxonomy
Stimulation of flowering
The document discusses various methods for stimulating flowering in trees. Girdling or removing bark from the trunk can reduce vegetative growth and promote flowering. Root pruning stops tree growth, causing stored food to induce flowering. Tightening a wire around the stem also decreases food transport from crown to roots, stimulating flowering. Bending branches parallel to the ground increases flower production. Grafting and thinning trees reduces competition between plants, increasing food and flowering. Adding fertilizers like nitrogen can induce flowering in poor soils by providing more resources for plants.
Anatomy of Reproductive Parts: Flower, Fruit,Seed
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs. Flowers may facilitate outcrossing (fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower). Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization (parthenocarpy). Flowers contain sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop. Flowers give rise to fruit and seeds. Many flowers have evolved to be attractive to animals, so as to cause them to be vectors for the transfer of pollen.
Fruit anatomy is the internal structure of fruits.
Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. In fleshy fruits, the outer layer (which is often edible) is the pericarp, which is the tissue that develops from the ovary wall of the flower and surrounds the seeds.
But in some seemingly pericarp fruits, the edible portion is not derived from the ovary. For example, in the fruit of the ackee tree the edible portion is an aril, and in the pineapple several tissues from the flower and stem are involved.
The outer covering of a seed is tough because the parent plant needs to protect the plant growing.
A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering known as the seed coat.
It is a characteristic of spermatophytes (gymnosperm and angiosperm plants) and the product of the ripened ovule which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant. The formation of the seed completes the process of reproduction in seed plants (started with the development of flowers and pollination), with the embryo developed from the zygote and the seed coat from the integuments of the ovule.
Seeds have been an important development in the reproduction and spread of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants.
Vernalization
Vernalization is the induction of flowering in plants by exposure to prolonged cold temperatures. It allows plants to flower after winter to take advantage of spring and summer conditions. Key points:
- Vernalization was first observed in winter wheat in 1857 and the term was coined in 1938.
- The shoot apex is the site where low temperatures are perceived to initiate flowering.
- There are two main hypotheses for the mechanism: involvement of hormones like vernalin that promote flowering, and a phase change model where cold temperatures induce a photoperiod sensitive phase.
- Factors like temperature, oxygen, and photoperiod affect vernalization. Practical applications include earlier flowering and increased disease resistance for some
Stomatal movement
Stomatal movement is controlled by the guard cells surrounding each stoma. Guard cells take in water when the environment causes an increase in their osmotic potential, causing the cells to swell and open the stoma. When osmotic potential decreases, guard cells lose water and become flaccid, closing the stoma. Stomata open in response to light, potassium ion accumulation, and a higher pH/sugar concentration, and close in response to higher CO2 levels, low water availability, and the plant hormone abscisic acid. Multiple environmental factors and biochemical processes precisely regulate stomatal openings to control gas exchange and transpiration.
Stress physiology
This document discusses Zhou Yan's research interests in plant physiology, specifically stress physiology. It provides an overview of stress types in plants, including biotic, abiotic, chilling, freezing, heat, and drought stresses. It also discusses resistance mechanisms in plants, such as stress avoidance and stress tolerance. Zhou Yan's current research focuses on the effects of saline and alkaline stresses on soybean seedlings. The research examines impacts on growth factors and ionic balance, as well as the mechanisms plants use to adapt, such as osmotic regulation and ion regionalization.
Laticferous
A laticifer is a type of elongated secretory cell found in the leaves and/or stems of plants that produce latex and rubber as secondary metabolites.
Thin walled
Greately elongated
Much branched structure
Which contain milky juice
Complex composition called latex
These are following two types:-
Articulated laticifers
Non-articulated laticifers
Structure, Development & Function of Periderm
A group of secondary tissues forming a protective layer which replaces the epidermis of many plant stems, roots, and other parts.
Although periderm may develop in leaves and fruits, its main function is to protects stems and roots.
The periderm consists of three different layers:
Phelloderm
Phellogen (cork cambium)
Phellem (cork)
Its main function is to protect the underlying tissues from:
Desiccation
Freezing
Heat injury
Mechanical destruction
Disease
Loss of epidermis.
Bounding tissue restricting the pathogen & insects.
Allowing gaseous exchange through lenticels.
More Related Content
What's hot
Nodule formation and nod factors
symbiotic nitrogen fixation in higher plants is associated with nodule formation which is assisted by specific proteins, the nod factors
Bud dormancy
This document discusses bud dormancy in plants. It defines a bud as an undeveloped shoot that occurs in the axil of a leaf or stem tip. Buds can remain dormant for some time before developing. There are different types of buds based on location, status, morphology, and function. Terminal buds are at stem tips while axillary buds are in leaf axils. Resting buds form at the end of the growth season and will lie dormant until the next season starts. External factors like water, oxygen, and suitable temperatures can affect dormancy along with internal seed maturity and hormone levels.
Abnormal secondary growth in dicot stem
1. The document discusses various types of anomalous structures that can occur in dicot stems, including the presence of medullary or cortical bundles, absence of vessels, abnormal cambium activity, presence of phloem bundles or scattered vascular bundles, and presence of interxylary or included phloem.
2. It provides examples of these anomalies in specific plants like Boerhaavia, Achyranthus, Bignonia, Amaranthus, Mirabilis, and Leptadenia. In these plants, the anomalous structures arise due to abnormal primary structure, abnormal secondary growth, or abnormal cambium behavior.
3. The secondary growth in some plants like Boerhaavia, Achyran
Oxygen Deficiency In Plants
This Presentation will provide you overall material about the oxygen deficiency in Plants and this material is very useful if anybody follow
Fossil Pteredophytes by P. shivakumar singh ppt
1. The document discusses the evolution and classification of early vascular land plants, known from fossil evidence. It describes important plant groups from the Ordovician to Devonian periods, including Cooksonia, Rhynia, Aglaophyton, Zosterophyllum, trimerophytes, lycophytes, equisetales, and progymnosperms.
2. Many of these early plants were found preserved as fossils in sites like Rhynie, Scotland, which provide important insights into the origin and diversification of vascular plants.
3. By the late Devonian and Carboniferous periods, lycophytes had diversified and some groups included large trees, while ferns and hor
Response of Plant to Stress by Abu Khairul Bashar
Plants can respond to stress in several ways, such as escaping stress during less stressful periods or suffering injury if unable to cope. Stress resistant plants can tolerate stresses through avoidance or tolerance. Water stress and temperature stress are two major abiotic stresses plants face. Water stress arises from water deficit or excess and can reduce growth, photosynthesis and metabolism. Temperature stress includes high and low temperatures, with chilling and freezing stresses below a plant's tolerance limits damaging membranes, chlorophyll and more.
Xerosere
Ecological succession begins on bare rock surfaces through pioneering crustose lichens. As lichens decompose, they provide nutrients for mosses to grow. Moss growth traps more soil particles and creates suitable conditions for herbs. Herbaceous plants further weather the rock and add humus. Shrubs later invade and are followed by trees, which constitute the climax forest community. Multiple intermediate seral stages typically evolve over time as the ecosystem advances towards its climax conditions.
Mechanism of stomatal regulation
Stomata are tiny pores on plant leaves that open and close to regulate gas exchange. They are bordered by a pair of guard cells that swell and contract to control the opening width. During the day, photosynthesis in guard cells produces sugar, increasing their turgor pressure and causing stomata to open. At night, the lack of photosynthesis allows starch to accumulate, decreasing turgor pressure and prompting stomatal closure. Potassium ion transport is also important - influx of K+ into guard cells during the day increases their solute content and turgor, while efflux at night decreases turgor. Together, these mechanisms allow plants to control gas exchange through stomatal openings in response to light
Vernalization
Vernalization is the process by which flowering is promoted through a cold treatment given to hydrated seeds or growing plants. Cold exposure cuts short the vegetative period, resulting in early flowering. Two main theories explain vernalization's mechanism: the phasic development theory proposes cold exposure accelerates plant development phases, while hormonal theories suggest cold induces a floral hormone called vernalin. Epigenetic changes in gene expression from cold exposure may also play a role, stably altering flowering gene expression even after the cold is removed. Vernalization has practical applications in agriculture by promoting early flowering, increasing disease resistance, and aiding crop improvement.
Types of seed dormancy & Methods to overcome it
This document discusses types of seed dormancy and methods to overcome dormancy. There are several types of dormancy including seed coat dormancy, dormancy due to rudimentary embryos, dormancy due to chemical inhibitors, and dormancy due to internal factors. Methods to overcome dormancy include mechanical scarification, soaking seeds in water, acid treatment, cold stratification, dry storage, and treatment with chemicals like gibberellic acid. Overcoming dormancy allows seeds to germinate when conditions are suitable.
Systemic acquired Resistance
The document discusses systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which confers long-lasting protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens. SAR is induced by initial infection and involves the signaling molecule salicylic acid, leading to accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins throughout the plant. Key regulators of SAR include NPR1, which is required for SAR, and salicylic acid, which is involved in transmitting the defense signal systemically.
Dahlgren’s system
Rolf Dahlgren was a Danish botanist who published an influential plant classification system in 1975. He used a two-dimensional graphic system called a Dahlgrenogram to display phylogenetic relationships among plant groups. Dahlgren's system was based primarily on morphological and chemical characteristics and divided angiosperms into 31 superorders within two subclasses. While comprehensive, it considered only flowering plants and did not classify below the family level. Subsequent molecular studies have revised placements of some families from Dahlgren's system.
Plant stress definition and classification
The document discusses various types of stress that can affect plants, including biotic stress from pathogens and abiotic stress from physical and chemical factors like drought, flooding, temperature extremes, light levels, salt levels, air pollution, wind, and nutrient deficiencies or toxicities. It describes how each stress can impact plant growth and physiology and outlines some strategies plants use to tolerate or avoid stress, such as escaping the stress period, avoiding stress through morphological adaptations, or tolerating stress through physiological and biochemical mechanisms.
C3,C4 & CAM pathway
This document summarizes three carbon fixation pathways: C3, C4, and CAM. The C3 pathway fixes carbon through the Calvin cycle in one chloroplast type. The C4 pathway fixes carbon through the Hatch and Slack cycle across two chloroplast types. The CAM pathway alternates between acidification at night and deacidification during the day. C4 pathways allow for higher photosynthesis rates compared to C3, while CAM pathways allow succulent plants to conserve water through nighttime stomatal closure.
evidences of anatomy, cytology and chemistry to plant taxonomy
taxonomy is based on other disciplines of sciences. in this presentation, there is discussion how anatomy, cytology and chemistry influnces the taxonomy
Stimulation of flowering
The document discusses various methods for stimulating flowering in trees. Girdling or removing bark from the trunk can reduce vegetative growth and promote flowering. Root pruning stops tree growth, causing stored food to induce flowering. Tightening a wire around the stem also decreases food transport from crown to roots, stimulating flowering. Bending branches parallel to the ground increases flower production. Grafting and thinning trees reduces competition between plants, increasing food and flowering. Adding fertilizers like nitrogen can induce flowering in poor soils by providing more resources for plants.
Anatomy of Reproductive Parts: Flower, Fruit,Seed
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs. Flowers may facilitate outcrossing (fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower). Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization (parthenocarpy). Flowers contain sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop. Flowers give rise to fruit and seeds. Many flowers have evolved to be attractive to animals, so as to cause them to be vectors for the transfer of pollen.
Fruit anatomy is the internal structure of fruits.
Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. In fleshy fruits, the outer layer (which is often edible) is the pericarp, which is the tissue that develops from the ovary wall of the flower and surrounds the seeds.
But in some seemingly pericarp fruits, the edible portion is not derived from the ovary. For example, in the fruit of the ackee tree the edible portion is an aril, and in the pineapple several tissues from the flower and stem are involved.
The outer covering of a seed is tough because the parent plant needs to protect the plant growing.
A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering known as the seed coat.
It is a characteristic of spermatophytes (gymnosperm and angiosperm plants) and the product of the ripened ovule which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant. The formation of the seed completes the process of reproduction in seed plants (started with the development of flowers and pollination), with the embryo developed from the zygote and the seed coat from the integuments of the ovule.
Seeds have been an important development in the reproduction and spread of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants.
Vernalization
Vernalization is the induction of flowering in plants by exposure to prolonged cold temperatures. It allows plants to flower after winter to take advantage of spring and summer conditions. Key points:
- Vernalization was first observed in winter wheat in 1857 and the term was coined in 1938.
- The shoot apex is the site where low temperatures are perceived to initiate flowering.
- There are two main hypotheses for the mechanism: involvement of hormones like vernalin that promote flowering, and a phase change model where cold temperatures induce a photoperiod sensitive phase.
- Factors like temperature, oxygen, and photoperiod affect vernalization. Practical applications include earlier flowering and increased disease resistance for some
Stomatal movement
Stomatal movement is controlled by the guard cells surrounding each stoma. Guard cells take in water when the environment causes an increase in their osmotic potential, causing the cells to swell and open the stoma. When osmotic potential decreases, guard cells lose water and become flaccid, closing the stoma. Stomata open in response to light, potassium ion accumulation, and a higher pH/sugar concentration, and close in response to higher CO2 levels, low water availability, and the plant hormone abscisic acid. Multiple environmental factors and biochemical processes precisely regulate stomatal openings to control gas exchange and transpiration.
Stress physiology
This document discusses Zhou Yan's research interests in plant physiology, specifically stress physiology. It provides an overview of stress types in plants, including biotic, abiotic, chilling, freezing, heat, and drought stresses. It also discusses resistance mechanisms in plants, such as stress avoidance and stress tolerance. Zhou Yan's current research focuses on the effects of saline and alkaline stresses on soybean seedlings. The research examines impacts on growth factors and ionic balance, as well as the mechanisms plants use to adapt, such as osmotic regulation and ion regionalization.
What's hot (20)
evidences of anatomy, cytology and chemistry to plant taxonomy
evidences of anatomy, cytology and chemistry to plant taxonomy
More from Fatima Ramay
Laticferous
A laticifer is a type of elongated secretory cell found in the leaves and/or stems of plants that produce latex and rubber as secondary metabolites.
Thin walled
Greately elongated
Much branched structure
Which contain milky juice
Complex composition called latex
These are following two types:-
Articulated laticifers
Non-articulated laticifers
Structure, Development & Function of Periderm
A group of secondary tissues forming a protective layer which replaces the epidermis of many plant stems, roots, and other parts.
Although periderm may develop in leaves and fruits, its main function is to protects stems and roots.
The periderm consists of three different layers:
Phelloderm
Phellogen (cork cambium)
Phellem (cork)
Its main function is to protect the underlying tissues from:
Desiccation
Freezing
Heat injury
Mechanical destruction
Disease
Loss of epidermis.
Bounding tissue restricting the pathogen & insects.
Allowing gaseous exchange through lenticels.
Sapwood and Heartwood
Sapwood:
“When a tree is young, certain cells within the wood are alive and capable of conducting sap or storing nutrients, and the wood is referred to as sapwood. The sapwood also termed as Alebernum.”
Heartwood:
“Heartwood also called duramen. Dead central wood of trees. As new sapwood is formed under the bark, the inner sap wood changes to heartwood. In the wood under going this change the living cells die.”
Sapwood is new wood and is like a pipeline which moves water through the tree up to the leaves.
The sapwood is lighted colored and formed of living cells associated with vessels and fibers.
Sapwood commonly ranges from 4 to 6 cm (1-1/2 to 2 in.) in radial thickness.
Many second-growth trees of merchantable size consist mostly of sapwood.
Heartwood consists of inactive cells that do not function in either water conduction or food storage.
The compounds (including resins, phenols, and terpenes, sometimes referred to as extractives) not only help make heartwood more resistant to attack by insects and decay organisms but also tend to give this inner portion of the stem a distinctive darker color.
The proportion of heartwood to sapwood in the main stem does vary with species. Black locust, for example, usually has a very narrow band – often less than an inch – of functioning sapwood, whereas maple stems often can have many inches of sapwood and relatively narrow cores of heartwood.
Sapwood is formed due to the cambial activity of the secondary xylem.
Heartwood is formed due to accumulation of different compounds, such as oils gums, and resins, etc.
The oils, resins and colouring materials infiltrate the walls, and gums and resins may fill the lumina of the cells in heart wood.
During the transformation a number of changes occur – all living cells lose protoplasts; water contents of cell walls are reduced; food materials are withdrawn from the living cells; tyloses are frequently formed which block the vessels, the parenchyma walls become lignified; oils, gums, tannins, resins and other substances develop in the cells.
Sapwood performs the physiological activities, such as conduction of water and nutrients, storage of food, etc.
The function of heartwood is no longer of conduction, it gives only mechanical support to the stem.
The heartwood part of a tree is also far more susceptible to fungus than the centre of the trunk.
Heartwood contains far less moisture than sapwood and will have far less shrinkage when it’s dried.
The sapwood in the centre of the tree dies, forming heartwood, and as the cells die they release chemicals that change the colour of the wood, as well as making the wood stronger and more resistant to attack by insects.
Xylem
A group of cells which are similar in Origin and function but of more than One type in structure.
Water conducting tissue
Along with phloem make vascular tissue
Provide support to plants
1)Tracheary elements
These are nonliving cells, provide support and conduct water. Two types,
(a)Tracheids: elongate, tube like cell, tapering, rounded or oval ends, hard lignified walls.
(b)Vessels members: long, cylindrical, tube-like structures with lignified walls.
(2)Fibres: thick walls, evolve from tracheids and provide mechanical strength. Two types,
(a)Fibre-tracheids: medium thickness walls, have reduced boardered pits.
(b)Libriform fibres: very thick walls, have reduced simple pits.
Parenchyma cells: living cells, in woody plants, store of food in starch form. Two types:
(a)Axial parenchyma: derived from fusiform initials, have tracheary elements and fibres.
(b)Ray parenchyma: derived from ray initials of cambium, xylem ray cells.
Developmentally, xylem have two types
(1)Primary xylem: derived from procambium, developing from embryo, non-woody plants.
(2)Secondary xylem: from vascular cambium, second stage of plant development, in woody plants.
Schlerenchyma Cells
Schlerenchyma
Definition:
Schlerenchyma cells are specialized plant cells that exist to provide strength and support.
They are present in all kinds of plants including grasses,trees and flowering plants. Their cell wall consists of cellulose,lignin and hemicellulose.
There are two types of schlerenchyma. 1. Fibers 2.Schleroids
Long spindle shaped cells. They usually occur in strands. Within a stand ,the fibers overlap. Walls are not highly hydrated. Supporting elements in plant parts that are no elongating.
Function of Schlerenchyma
Schlerenchyma cells are strong,thick cells that provide most of the support in plant. Enable plant organs to withstand various strain, bending, weight and presssure without damage to the thin softer cells.
Structure, Development & Function of Collenchyma
Type of ground tissue, they are elongated cells with irregularly thick cell walls that provide support and structure.
Structure & Development:
Large central vacuole.
Prominent nucleus.
Living cells.
Flexible.
Irregularly thickened cell walls.
Thick primary cell wall made up of cellulose and pectin.
Secondary wall deposition starts in them.
Located beneath the epidermis in the stem and roots of dicot.
Usually absent in monocot stem and root.
There are three main types of collenchyma:
Lamellar collenchyma (uniformly thickened cell walls).
Angular collenchyma (thickened at intercellular contact points).
Lacunar collenchyma (collenchyma with intercellular spaces).
Provides structural support.
Filling of vacant spaces in young shoots and leaves that is later used for lateral growth.
Provides elasticity to plant parts by allowing them to bend easily.
Helps in photosynthesis.
Storage of secretory products.
Exchange of respiratory gases.
Function and development of parenchyma cells
Parenchyma:
General purpose cells of plant
Rounded in shape
uniformly thin walls
lack secondary wall
living at maturity
having large vacoule
location leaf, stem (pith) root, fruit
Simple tissues
Functions:
Basic metabolic function (repiration,
photosynthesis, chlorenchyma in
leaf, protein synthesis
Epidermis
The epidermis is the outermost cellular layer which covers the whole plant structure, i.e. it covers roots, stem, leaves.
It is composed of a single layer of living cells, although there are exceptions.
Epidermis is usually closely packed, without intercellular spaces or chloroplasts. Instead, the epidermis is like a clear spray coating whose sole purpose is to protect the plant from the elements, while still letting the sun shine in. That's particularly important for a leaf because their main job is to photosynthesize.
Composition of Epidermis:
Epidermal Proper Cells
Specialized cells
Stomatal Guard Cells
Trichomes
Epidermal Proper Cells:
These cells vary in thickness and shape
The outer walls, which are exposed to the atmosphere and usually thickened, and may be covered by a waxy, waterproof cuticle which are made up of cutin. Apart from the normal epidermal cells there are also stomata in the epidermis of leaves and stem.
Wax in the form of granules or rods may be deposited on the surface of cuticle as continuous.
Specialized Epidermal Cells:
In certain species of pteridophytes and gymnosperm, many species of Graminae and certain dicots, fiber-like epidermal cells are formed.
In Graminae and many other monocots ,bubble-like cells are formed called Bulliforms cells, these cells are larger then normal epidermal cells and are thin walled.
Function:
These cells are concerned with opening of rolled leaf as enclosed in bud.
Rolling and unrolling of mature leaves as a result of loss and uptake of water.
Stomatal cells:
A stoma is an opening (pore) which is bounded by two bean shaped cells called guard cells and two to four subsidiary cells that lack chloroplasts.
The guard cells differ from normal epidermal cells in that they have chloroplasts and the cell walls are thickening unevenly; the outer wall is thin and the inner wall (nearest the opening) is thick.
The leaf and stem epidermis is covered with pores called stomata (sing., stoma), part of a stoma complex consisting of a pore surrounded on each side by chloroplast-containing guard cells.
The epidermal cells protect the underlying cells.
The waxy cuticle prevents the loss of moisture from the leaves and stems.
The transparent epidermal cells allow sunlight (for photosynthesis) to pass through to the chloroplasts in the mesophyll tissue.
The stomata of leaves and stems allow gaseous exchange to take place which is necessary for photosynthesis and respiration.
Water vapour may be given off through the stomata during transpiration.
The root-hairs absorb water and dissolved ions from the soil.
Anomalous forms of growth
Alternative type of cambium show abnormal activity and produce alternative secondary bodies that differ from common type, their growth is called anomalous secondary growth.
There is two types of anomalous secondary
Growth;
Abnormal growth from normal cambium in dicot
Abnormal growth from abnormal cambium in monocot
More from Fatima Ramay (9)
Recently uploaded
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Recently uploaded (20)
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Anatomical Adaptation of plants
- 1. Submitted to Sir Sarwer Submitted by Arusa Mansoor Class BS Hons Botany 5th Semester Roll no 50 (Evening) The Islamia university of Bahawalpur