PTV Vissim is rounded off with comprehensive analysis options, creating a powerful tool for the evaluation and planning of urban and extra-urban transport infrastructure.
This document discusses traffic signal coordination, which aims to manage streets and signal systems more efficiently through techniques that improve safety, economic vitality, and quality of life. Effective signal coordination reduces congestion and vehicle emissions while saving time. Key factors in coordination include cycle length, green splits, phase sequence, and offsets between intersections. The concept of bandwidth, or the amount of green time for progression, is also explained. While coordination provides benefits, some exceptions exist like busy intersections in less congested areas. New concepts in actuated signal coordination involve background cycle lengths, yield points, sync phases, and force off points.
This document summarizes a presentation on travel demand management. It discusses how traditional approaches to reducing traffic congestion through road development are no longer feasible or sustainable. Instead, travel demand management focuses on reducing demand through various pull and push measures. These include improving public transport, increasing vehicle occupancy, and introducing road pricing or fuel taxes. The document also examines how different travel demand management measures impact user behavior and response based on behavioral studies. It finds that a combination of push and pull measures can significantly reduce car use compared to individual measures alone.
The document discusses transport problems facing major cities in India. It notes that while transport demand has increased substantially due to population growth and urbanization, public transport systems have not kept pace. As a result, there has been a massive shift towards private vehicle ownership and intermediate modes of transport. This has led to high traffic congestion in cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Pune and Bangalore, whose infrastructure is unable to cope with the rapidly growing vehicle numbers.
Stephan Kellner, Eng., P.Eng., MS and François Bélisle, Eng., B.Sc., M.Sc. discuss transit signal priority impacts on intersection efficiency and safety for all users.
Presented at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada Conference and Exhibition in Charlottetown, Canada from September 27-30.
Need for Smart Cities, Introduction to Smart Cities, India Smart City Initiative Details, Financing Mechanisms to support implementation & Global Examples
8 capacity-analysis ( Transportation and Traffic Engineering Dr. Sheriff El-B...Hossam Shafiq I
This document discusses concepts related to transportation capacity analysis including:
- Definitions of level of service (LOS) categories A through F and their characteristics.
- How capacity is defined as the maximum hourly rate of vehicles that can pass a point under prevailing conditions.
- Procedures from the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) for calculating capacity for basic freeway sections and the impacts of factors like lane width, lateral clearance, and free flow speed.
- The relationships between capacity, LOS, and transportation design and how capacity analysis can inform design.
PTV Vissim is rounded off with comprehensive analysis options, creating a powerful tool for the evaluation and planning of urban and extra-urban transport infrastructure.
This document discusses traffic signal coordination, which aims to manage streets and signal systems more efficiently through techniques that improve safety, economic vitality, and quality of life. Effective signal coordination reduces congestion and vehicle emissions while saving time. Key factors in coordination include cycle length, green splits, phase sequence, and offsets between intersections. The concept of bandwidth, or the amount of green time for progression, is also explained. While coordination provides benefits, some exceptions exist like busy intersections in less congested areas. New concepts in actuated signal coordination involve background cycle lengths, yield points, sync phases, and force off points.
This document summarizes a presentation on travel demand management. It discusses how traditional approaches to reducing traffic congestion through road development are no longer feasible or sustainable. Instead, travel demand management focuses on reducing demand through various pull and push measures. These include improving public transport, increasing vehicle occupancy, and introducing road pricing or fuel taxes. The document also examines how different travel demand management measures impact user behavior and response based on behavioral studies. It finds that a combination of push and pull measures can significantly reduce car use compared to individual measures alone.
The document discusses transport problems facing major cities in India. It notes that while transport demand has increased substantially due to population growth and urbanization, public transport systems have not kept pace. As a result, there has been a massive shift towards private vehicle ownership and intermediate modes of transport. This has led to high traffic congestion in cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Pune and Bangalore, whose infrastructure is unable to cope with the rapidly growing vehicle numbers.
Stephan Kellner, Eng., P.Eng., MS and François Bélisle, Eng., B.Sc., M.Sc. discuss transit signal priority impacts on intersection efficiency and safety for all users.
Presented at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada Conference and Exhibition in Charlottetown, Canada from September 27-30.
Need for Smart Cities, Introduction to Smart Cities, India Smart City Initiative Details, Financing Mechanisms to support implementation & Global Examples
8 capacity-analysis ( Transportation and Traffic Engineering Dr. Sheriff El-B...Hossam Shafiq I
This document discusses concepts related to transportation capacity analysis including:
- Definitions of level of service (LOS) categories A through F and their characteristics.
- How capacity is defined as the maximum hourly rate of vehicles that can pass a point under prevailing conditions.
- Procedures from the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) for calculating capacity for basic freeway sections and the impacts of factors like lane width, lateral clearance, and free flow speed.
- The relationships between capacity, LOS, and transportation design and how capacity analysis can inform design.
DESIGN OF TRAFFIC SIGNAL AT S.R.NAGR COMMUNITY HALLSAMADHANA
this ppt is about design of a traffic signal at S.R. Nagar community hall using webster method which is uded to design the time length of red, yellow and green signals.
This document summarizes a traffic volume study conducted at Tejgaon Industrial Area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A team of 5 students conducted classified manual counts of vehicles traveling along Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue between Shatrasta and the flyover for 15 minutes intervals. Over 5,000 vehicles were counted, with the highest percentages being cars (54%) and CNG auto-rickshaws (22%). The average service flow rate was higher for traffic traveling from Shatrasta to the flyover compared to the opposite direction, reflecting peak travel patterns. Directional splits showed 55% of total traffic traveled from Shatrasta to the flyover.
This document summarizes key concepts in travel demand and traffic forecasting. It discusses the need to understand travel patterns to plan transportation infrastructure investments. It also outlines the four key traveler decisions that must be modeled: temporal, destination, modal, and route. Specific models for trip generation are presented, including linear regression and Poisson regression models using household characteristics to predict trip production. An example problem demonstrates estimating the expected number of trips and probability of no trips using a Poisson regression model.
The document defines different types of traffic volumes used for transportation planning and design. Daily volumes like average annual daily traffic (AADT) are used to establish trends over time. Hourly volumes like the peak hour volume are most important for design and operational analysis. Within the peak hour, the peak 15-minute volume and peak hour factor (PHF) account for fluctuations in flow. Sub-hourly volumes below 15 minutes are also sometimes analyzed.
This document discusses transportation planning and traffic estimation. It covers the key components of transportation planning including identifying deficiencies in transportation systems, evaluating alternative transportation alignments, and predicting traffic volumes. The four steps of transportation demand modeling are also outlined: trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice, and traffic assignment. Transportation planning involves collecting travel data, identifying current and future transportation needs, and developing solutions to meet travel demand. The results of transportation planning and modeling are used in highway design projects.
This document discusses different types of intersections, focusing on rotary intersections. It defines a rotary intersection as a special form of at-grade intersection where traffic circulates around a central island in a clockwise direction. The key design elements of a rotary are then outlined, including entry and exit radii, island radius, width, and weaving length. A formula from the Transportation Road Research Lab is presented for calculating a rotary's capacity based on the weaving section with the highest proportion of weaving to non-weaving traffic. An example problem demonstrates how to use the formula to determine a rotary's capacity.
Engineering surveys are conducted to determine quantities and collect data for designing engineering works like roads and railways. There are three main types of engineering surveys: reconnaissance surveying, preliminary surveying, and final location surveying. Reconnaissance surveying involves studying maps and aerial photography to evaluate potential routes and select the most suitable alternatives. Preliminary surveying involves more detailed study of a selected route, including establishing levels and recording topography. Final location surveying permanently establishes the centerline and collects all necessary information for construction plans.
This document discusses origin-destination (OD) surveys, which are used to understand travel patterns in a given area. It outlines several common methods for conducting OD surveys, including roadside interviews, license plate tracking, and mail/phone surveys. A case study is presented on an OD survey conducted at Havanur Circle junction in Bangalore, India using roadside interviews. The survey found most trips were for work or shopping. Recommendations included changing signal timing and adding infrastructure like underpasses to reduce congestion.
Traffic control devices like signs, markings, and signals are an integral part of road design but are often overlooked. They are important to notify road users of regulations and provide guidance for safe travel. There are different types of signs like mandatory signs indicating prohibitions, warning signs alerting to hazards, and guide signs providing location information. Signs must be properly sized, colored and placed according to standards based on road type and speed. Road markings include longitudinal lines, transverse markings and symbols to guide traffic flow and indicate restrictions. Factors like road width and number of lanes determine the appropriate markings. Road studs and object markings also aid in delineating lanes and hazards. Together, traffic signs, markings and signals help promote orderly movement and safety
This document summarizes the different types of traffic signals:
(1) Traffic control signals include fixed-time signals, vehicle-actuated signals, and manually operated signals. Fixed-time signals operate on a repeating fixed cycle, vehicle-actuated signals detect vehicle presence to alter signal timing, and manually operated signals are controlled by an operator.
(2) Pedestrian signals control when pedestrians can cross.
(3) Special traffic signals include green arrow signals that indicate permitted turning movements and flashing signals that convey special instructions.
This document discusses the design of traffic signal timing. It defines key terms like cycle length, phase, interval, saturation headway. It describes how traffic signals separate conflicting movements into phases defined by non-conflicting green intervals. Methods for designing two-phase and four-phase signal timing are presented, including how to calculate cycle length and effective green time. Lane capacity is calculated based on saturation flow rate, effective green time and cycle length. An example problem demonstrates how to calculate lane capacity.
The document summarizes a presentation on a cordon line survey. A cordon line survey studies travel patterns within an area bounded by an imaginary boundary line. The area inside the cordon line is studied extensively, looking at land use, economic activities, and travel characteristics. Travel patterns from and to areas outside the cordon line are also examined at a macro level. Key terms related to cordon line surveys include external cordon line, study area, internal and external trips, screen lines, and zones. Factors like existing and planned development, symmetric daily life patterns, safe survey locations, and compatibility with previous studies should be considered when selecting a cordon line.
This document discusses traffic surveys conducted during urban transportation planning. It describes the importance of origin-destination (O-D) surveys to understand trip patterns and characteristics. Several methods of conducting O-D surveys are outlined, including home interviews, roadside interviews, postcard questionnaires, registration number tracking, and vehicle tagging. Home interviews involve surveying households about trip origins, destinations, purposes, modes of travel and times. Roadside interviews directly question drivers at selected locations.
Travel demand refers to the amount and type of travel people choose based on transport options and prices. It has two major aspects: land use and trip purpose. Land use refers to the pattern of land development in an area, which affects transportation demand through trip generation and distribution. Trip purpose is the reason for a trip, which can be classified as home-based or non-home-based. Travel demand is influenced by socioeconomic factors, location factors, and public transportation accessibility.
The document discusses the various elements that make up the cross section of a road, including:
- Right of way, traveled way/carriage way, road way, median, shoulder, curb/kerb, traffic barriers, bicycle and pedestrian facilities, drainage channels, and side slopes.
It provides details on the purpose and design standards for each element, such as recommended widths for different road types. For example, it recommends a minimum shoulder width of 2.5m and notes their purpose is to serve as an emergency lane.
The document also includes examples of typical cross section diagrams for a highway in Pakistan, showing how the various elements come together in road design.
This document discusses traffic control systems and management in Dhaka City. It outlines the common traffic control devices used in Dhaka such as signs, markings, and signals. It describes problems with the current traffic control system including improperly placed signals and signs, faded markings, and issues with coordination. Solutions proposed include implementing an intelligent transportation system with traffic monitoring cameras, variable message signs, and an advanced traffic signal system connected to a monitoring center.
The report provides two design alternatives to improve the intersection of Holbrook Campground Road and Midway Road: 1) A rebuilt two-way stop controlled "T" intersection, and 2) A single lane roundabout. Traffic counts and accident reports showed safety issues at the existing intersection. The roundabout alternative was selected as it improves traffic flow, safety, and level of service compared to the "T" intersection. An in-depth design of the roundabout intersection is presented meeting all design standards. Utility relocation and drainage plans are included. The estimated cost of the roundabout is $513,585.
This document summarizes a student group's traffic volume study project. The group conducted manual counts at a location on Panthapath Street in Dhaka for 20 minutes, counting 1088 vehicles in total. They analyzed the data to determine vehicle types and directional distribution. Estimates were made for average daily traffic and annual average daily traffic based on expansion factors. However, limitations included a lack of 24-hour count data needed to develop an accurate daily traffic fluctuation curve. Recommendations included using automatic counts for better data accuracy and encouraging public transport use to improve the road's level of service.
This document provides details about a mini project to study road safety improvements at an intersection in Warangal, Telangana, India. It includes a map of the study area location and details of the roads. 13 safety concerns were identified including lack of traffic signs, uncovered drainage, roadside parking, and poor road conditions. Recommendations are provided to regulate parking, add pedestrian facilities, improve road markings and signs, repair roads, limit distractions, and cover open drainage. The proposed safety measures would improve traffic flow and safety for all road users.
This document provides a seminar presentation on innovations in public transportation. It begins with an introduction to public transportation and discusses the need for it in terms of issues like traffic congestion, rising fuel costs, and environmental concerns. It then covers the evolution of various public transportation modes over time. The presentation discusses policies that promote public transportation, as well challenges to innovation in the sector like funding and regulations. Specific innovations discussed include electric buses, contactless payment systems, real-time tracking, autonomous vehicles, and integrated fare systems. The presentation concludes with a literature review covering case studies of public transportation systems and policies in various cities.
DESIGN OF TRAFFIC SIGNAL AT S.R.NAGR COMMUNITY HALLSAMADHANA
this ppt is about design of a traffic signal at S.R. Nagar community hall using webster method which is uded to design the time length of red, yellow and green signals.
This document summarizes a traffic volume study conducted at Tejgaon Industrial Area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A team of 5 students conducted classified manual counts of vehicles traveling along Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue between Shatrasta and the flyover for 15 minutes intervals. Over 5,000 vehicles were counted, with the highest percentages being cars (54%) and CNG auto-rickshaws (22%). The average service flow rate was higher for traffic traveling from Shatrasta to the flyover compared to the opposite direction, reflecting peak travel patterns. Directional splits showed 55% of total traffic traveled from Shatrasta to the flyover.
This document summarizes key concepts in travel demand and traffic forecasting. It discusses the need to understand travel patterns to plan transportation infrastructure investments. It also outlines the four key traveler decisions that must be modeled: temporal, destination, modal, and route. Specific models for trip generation are presented, including linear regression and Poisson regression models using household characteristics to predict trip production. An example problem demonstrates estimating the expected number of trips and probability of no trips using a Poisson regression model.
The document defines different types of traffic volumes used for transportation planning and design. Daily volumes like average annual daily traffic (AADT) are used to establish trends over time. Hourly volumes like the peak hour volume are most important for design and operational analysis. Within the peak hour, the peak 15-minute volume and peak hour factor (PHF) account for fluctuations in flow. Sub-hourly volumes below 15 minutes are also sometimes analyzed.
This document discusses transportation planning and traffic estimation. It covers the key components of transportation planning including identifying deficiencies in transportation systems, evaluating alternative transportation alignments, and predicting traffic volumes. The four steps of transportation demand modeling are also outlined: trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice, and traffic assignment. Transportation planning involves collecting travel data, identifying current and future transportation needs, and developing solutions to meet travel demand. The results of transportation planning and modeling are used in highway design projects.
This document discusses different types of intersections, focusing on rotary intersections. It defines a rotary intersection as a special form of at-grade intersection where traffic circulates around a central island in a clockwise direction. The key design elements of a rotary are then outlined, including entry and exit radii, island radius, width, and weaving length. A formula from the Transportation Road Research Lab is presented for calculating a rotary's capacity based on the weaving section with the highest proportion of weaving to non-weaving traffic. An example problem demonstrates how to use the formula to determine a rotary's capacity.
Engineering surveys are conducted to determine quantities and collect data for designing engineering works like roads and railways. There are three main types of engineering surveys: reconnaissance surveying, preliminary surveying, and final location surveying. Reconnaissance surveying involves studying maps and aerial photography to evaluate potential routes and select the most suitable alternatives. Preliminary surveying involves more detailed study of a selected route, including establishing levels and recording topography. Final location surveying permanently establishes the centerline and collects all necessary information for construction plans.
This document discusses origin-destination (OD) surveys, which are used to understand travel patterns in a given area. It outlines several common methods for conducting OD surveys, including roadside interviews, license plate tracking, and mail/phone surveys. A case study is presented on an OD survey conducted at Havanur Circle junction in Bangalore, India using roadside interviews. The survey found most trips were for work or shopping. Recommendations included changing signal timing and adding infrastructure like underpasses to reduce congestion.
Traffic control devices like signs, markings, and signals are an integral part of road design but are often overlooked. They are important to notify road users of regulations and provide guidance for safe travel. There are different types of signs like mandatory signs indicating prohibitions, warning signs alerting to hazards, and guide signs providing location information. Signs must be properly sized, colored and placed according to standards based on road type and speed. Road markings include longitudinal lines, transverse markings and symbols to guide traffic flow and indicate restrictions. Factors like road width and number of lanes determine the appropriate markings. Road studs and object markings also aid in delineating lanes and hazards. Together, traffic signs, markings and signals help promote orderly movement and safety
This document summarizes the different types of traffic signals:
(1) Traffic control signals include fixed-time signals, vehicle-actuated signals, and manually operated signals. Fixed-time signals operate on a repeating fixed cycle, vehicle-actuated signals detect vehicle presence to alter signal timing, and manually operated signals are controlled by an operator.
(2) Pedestrian signals control when pedestrians can cross.
(3) Special traffic signals include green arrow signals that indicate permitted turning movements and flashing signals that convey special instructions.
This document discusses the design of traffic signal timing. It defines key terms like cycle length, phase, interval, saturation headway. It describes how traffic signals separate conflicting movements into phases defined by non-conflicting green intervals. Methods for designing two-phase and four-phase signal timing are presented, including how to calculate cycle length and effective green time. Lane capacity is calculated based on saturation flow rate, effective green time and cycle length. An example problem demonstrates how to calculate lane capacity.
The document summarizes a presentation on a cordon line survey. A cordon line survey studies travel patterns within an area bounded by an imaginary boundary line. The area inside the cordon line is studied extensively, looking at land use, economic activities, and travel characteristics. Travel patterns from and to areas outside the cordon line are also examined at a macro level. Key terms related to cordon line surveys include external cordon line, study area, internal and external trips, screen lines, and zones. Factors like existing and planned development, symmetric daily life patterns, safe survey locations, and compatibility with previous studies should be considered when selecting a cordon line.
This document discusses traffic surveys conducted during urban transportation planning. It describes the importance of origin-destination (O-D) surveys to understand trip patterns and characteristics. Several methods of conducting O-D surveys are outlined, including home interviews, roadside interviews, postcard questionnaires, registration number tracking, and vehicle tagging. Home interviews involve surveying households about trip origins, destinations, purposes, modes of travel and times. Roadside interviews directly question drivers at selected locations.
Travel demand refers to the amount and type of travel people choose based on transport options and prices. It has two major aspects: land use and trip purpose. Land use refers to the pattern of land development in an area, which affects transportation demand through trip generation and distribution. Trip purpose is the reason for a trip, which can be classified as home-based or non-home-based. Travel demand is influenced by socioeconomic factors, location factors, and public transportation accessibility.
The document discusses the various elements that make up the cross section of a road, including:
- Right of way, traveled way/carriage way, road way, median, shoulder, curb/kerb, traffic barriers, bicycle and pedestrian facilities, drainage channels, and side slopes.
It provides details on the purpose and design standards for each element, such as recommended widths for different road types. For example, it recommends a minimum shoulder width of 2.5m and notes their purpose is to serve as an emergency lane.
The document also includes examples of typical cross section diagrams for a highway in Pakistan, showing how the various elements come together in road design.
This document discusses traffic control systems and management in Dhaka City. It outlines the common traffic control devices used in Dhaka such as signs, markings, and signals. It describes problems with the current traffic control system including improperly placed signals and signs, faded markings, and issues with coordination. Solutions proposed include implementing an intelligent transportation system with traffic monitoring cameras, variable message signs, and an advanced traffic signal system connected to a monitoring center.
The report provides two design alternatives to improve the intersection of Holbrook Campground Road and Midway Road: 1) A rebuilt two-way stop controlled "T" intersection, and 2) A single lane roundabout. Traffic counts and accident reports showed safety issues at the existing intersection. The roundabout alternative was selected as it improves traffic flow, safety, and level of service compared to the "T" intersection. An in-depth design of the roundabout intersection is presented meeting all design standards. Utility relocation and drainage plans are included. The estimated cost of the roundabout is $513,585.
This document summarizes a student group's traffic volume study project. The group conducted manual counts at a location on Panthapath Street in Dhaka for 20 minutes, counting 1088 vehicles in total. They analyzed the data to determine vehicle types and directional distribution. Estimates were made for average daily traffic and annual average daily traffic based on expansion factors. However, limitations included a lack of 24-hour count data needed to develop an accurate daily traffic fluctuation curve. Recommendations included using automatic counts for better data accuracy and encouraging public transport use to improve the road's level of service.
This document provides details about a mini project to study road safety improvements at an intersection in Warangal, Telangana, India. It includes a map of the study area location and details of the roads. 13 safety concerns were identified including lack of traffic signs, uncovered drainage, roadside parking, and poor road conditions. Recommendations are provided to regulate parking, add pedestrian facilities, improve road markings and signs, repair roads, limit distractions, and cover open drainage. The proposed safety measures would improve traffic flow and safety for all road users.
This document provides a seminar presentation on innovations in public transportation. It begins with an introduction to public transportation and discusses the need for it in terms of issues like traffic congestion, rising fuel costs, and environmental concerns. It then covers the evolution of various public transportation modes over time. The presentation discusses policies that promote public transportation, as well challenges to innovation in the sector like funding and regulations. Specific innovations discussed include electric buses, contactless payment systems, real-time tracking, autonomous vehicles, and integrated fare systems. The presentation concludes with a literature review covering case studies of public transportation systems and policies in various cities.
This document analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the Beohari market located in Beohari, India. The key strengths of the market are its central location in the town, famous spice shops, and accessibility. However, weaknesses include very narrow streets that cause traffic jams and noise pollution. There are opportunities to redevelop the market as the town's population grows. Threats include old buildings being demolished and increased traffic congestion if streets are not improved.
PLANNING FOR SELF RELIANT AND SUSTAINABLE CITY IN TERMS OF WATER SUPPLYshrikrishna kesharwani
This document outlines a dissertation topic on planning for a self-reliant and sustainable city in terms of water supply. The main aim is to identify solutions to make a city independent and environmentally-friendly for its water needs. The objectives include identifying existing problems, sustainability methods, and a methodology to calculate future demand. The background discusses international and national water concerns like scarcity. Major issues facing cities are identified as increased demand, groundwater depletion, and pollution. Potential solutions proposed include recycling wastewater, rainwater harvesting, and education. Parameters for analyzing solutions include cost, environmental impact, lifetime, area needs, and social acceptance. The document concludes by discussing how to calculate a city's future needs and select sustainable methods to make
This document summarizes a noise assessment study conducted in Beohari, Madhya Pradesh, India. Noise levels were measured at 4 locations over different time periods. The results found that 2 of the locations exceeded permissible noise limits for residential areas. Recommendations include banning high decibel horns and loudspeakers, improving road infrastructure, adding noise barriers like trees and walls alongside roads, and improving building insulation at noisy locations.
The document discusses an environmental impact assessment report for Phase 1 of the Surat Metro Rail Project in India. It provides general details of the project, assesses potential environmental impacts including pollution, and performs a technical analysis of urban mass transit systems. The document analyzes and draws conclusions about the environmental effects from the metro rail project.
The document discusses Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), providing definitions and outlining key principles and implementation strategies. It notes that TOD focuses on creating urban development patterns that facilitate public transit, walking and cycling. The document then lists 12 TOD principles, including mixed land uses, density optimization, and street-oriented buildings. It outlines scales of TOD from neighborhood to regional levels. Implementation is discussed as a long-term, phased process requiring partnerships. Monitoring, evaluation and capacity building are key components of the implementation framework. The document concludes with sections on enabling TOD and financing strategies like land value capture.
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION: VARIOUS PLOICIES FORMULATED IN INDIA IN REALISING...shrikrishna kesharwani
This report is made by shrikrishna kesharwani
student of M.Tech, 1st year transportation engineering
NIT WARANGAL,
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT ME THROUGH INSTAGRAM
FOLLOW ME ON INSTAGRAM - @SHRIKRISHNAKESHARWANI
Evaluation of Pedestrian Safety and Road Crossing Behavior at Midblock Crosswalkshrikrishna kesharwani
This report is made by shrikrishna kesharwani
student of M.Tech, 1st year transportation engineering
NIT WARANGAL,
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT ME THROUGH INSTAGRAM
FOLLOW ME ON INSTAGRAM - @SHRIKRISHNAKESHARWANI
This Seminar presentation is made by Shrikrishna Kesharwani
1ST YEAR, Transportation engineering student
NIT WARANGAL
FOLLOW ME ON INSTAGRAM
@SHRIKRISHNAKESHARWANI
Correation, Linear Regression and Multilinear Regression using R softwareshrikrishna kesharwani
The document describes performing correlation, linear regression, and multilinear regression analysis on transportation-related data using R software. It provides theory on correlation, linear regression, and multilinear regression. The procedures section outlines the steps to perform correlation analysis, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression. The results and analysis section shows the output of applying these techniques to variables in a transportation data set and interpreting the correlation coefficients, p-values, and regression results.
sustainable transportation and various policies formulated in India in realizing sustainable urban transportation plans.
URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING ASSIGNMENT.
MADE BY SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI
M. Tech 1st Year, NIT Warangal
Transportation systems have significant environmental impacts. Road transportation is a major contributor to issues like climate change, air pollution, noise pollution, and land consumption. It accounts for a large portion of emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. These emissions negatively impact air quality, acid rain, smog, and climate change. Scientists and engineers are working on developing more sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation solutions, but current systems continue to pose threats to the environment through direct, indirect, and cumulative effects.
The document provides a zonal development plan for the heritage zone of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. It begins with an introduction to Bhopal's history and an analysis of the existing conditions in the heritage zone. This includes land use, demographics, infrastructure, transportation, and environmental factors. A conceptual framework is then outlined based on projected requirements. Several development strategies and proposals are presented to upgrade the zone, focusing on waterfront development, pedestrianization, metro network expansion, conservation of heritage gates, improved parking, and environmental conservation. The proposals aim to enhance the zone's heritage, infrastructure, transportation, and quality of life while complying with government policies and mobilizing necessary resources for implementation.
1. A Report On –
EXPERIMENT - 2
(Analysing speed profiles of different vehicle types)
Submitted by-
SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI
Roll no.-
22CEM3R23
Subject-
TRANSPORTATION ANALYTICS LABORATORY
Bachelor of Technology
In
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY WARANGAL
SEPTEMBER, 2022
2. Transportation Analytics Laboratory
SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI (22CEM3R23) 2
Table of Contents
1. Aim-...................................................................................................................................5
2. Software Used-...................................................................................................................5
3. Theory................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Descriptive Statistics........................................................................................................5
3.1.1. Mean: .......................................................................................................................5
3.1.2. Median: ....................................................................................................................5
3.1.3. Range: ......................................................................................................................5
3.1.4 Class Interval: ...........................................................................................................5
3.1.5 Standard Deviation....................................................................................................5
3.1.6 Variance:...................................................................................................................5
3.1.7 Skewness:..................................................................................................................5
3.1.8 Kurtosis:....................................................................................................................6
3.2 Histogram:........................................................................................................................7
3.3 Frequency distribution Curve: .........................................................................................7
3.4 Ogive curve/ S curve/ Cumulative frequency curve:.......................................................7
3.5 Percentile speeds:.............................................................................................................7
4. Procedure-..........................................................................................................................8
5. Analysis of Data- ...............................................................................................................9
6. GRAPHS- ........................................................................................................................15
7. Results:.............................................................................................................................23
8. Conclusion: ......................................................................................................................23
References................................................................................................................................23
3. Transportation Analytics Laboratory
SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI (22CEM3R23) 3
List of Tables-
Table 1 Frequency and Cumulative frequency of Small cars....................................................9
Table 2 Frequency and Cumulative frequency of big cars ......................................................10
Table 3 Frequency and Cumulative frequency of two wheelers..............................................10
Table 4 Frequency and Cumulative frequency of Auto...........................................................11
Table 5 Frequency and Cumulative frequency of HCV ..........................................................11
Table 6 Frequency and Cumulative frequency of LCV...........................................................12
Table 7 Frequency and Cumulative frequency of MAV .........................................................12
Table 8 Descriptive statistics of small cars..............................................................................13
Table 9 Descriptive statistics of big cars .................................................................................13
Table 10 Descriptive statistics of TW......................................................................................13
Table 11 Descriptive statistics of Auto....................................................................................13
Table 12 Descriptive statistics of HCV ...................................................................................14
Table 13 Descriptive statistics of LCV....................................................................................14
Table 14 Descriptive statistics of MAV...................................................................................14
4. Transportation Analytics Laboratory
SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI (22CEM3R23) 4
List of Figures-
Figure 1 positively and negatively skewed................................................................................6
Figure 2 Types of Kurtosis ........................................................................................................6
Figure 3 Histogram ....................................................................................................................7
Figure 4 Different percentile speeds..........................................................................................8
Figure 5 Frequency distribution of different vehicle speeds ...................................................15
Figure 6 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve................................................15
Figure 7 Frequency distribution of different Car speeds .........................................................16
Figure 8 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve for cars ..................................16
Figure 9 Frequency distribution of big Car speeds..................................................................17
Figure 10 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve for big cars ..........................17
Figure 11 Frequency distribution of TW speeds......................................................................18
Figure 12 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve for TW.................................18
Figure 13 Frequency distribution of Auto speed .....................................................................19
Figure 14 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve for Auto...............................19
Figure 15 Frequency distribution of HCV speed.....................................................................20
Figure 16 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve for HCV ..............................20
Figure 17 Frequency distribution of LCV speed .....................................................................21
Figure 18 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve for LCV...............................21
Figure 19 Frequency distribution of MAV speed....................................................................22
Figure 20 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve for MAV..............................22
5. Transportation Analytics Laboratory
SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI (22CEM3R23) 5
1. Aim-
To plot the frequency and cumulative frequency distribution of the speed data of different
vehicle types
2. Software Used-
MS Excel (2016 version)
3. Theory
3.1 Descriptive Statistics.
3.1.1. Mean:
The mean of a series of data is the value equal to the sum of the values of all the observations
divided by the number of observations.
3.1.2. Median:
In statistics and probability theory, a median is a value separating the higher half from the lower
half of a data sample, a population or a probability distribution.
3.1.3. Range:
The Range is the difference between the lowest and highest values.
3.1.4 Class Interval:
Class Interval =
Where N is total number of data (Count).
3.1.5 Standard Deviation:
In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a
set of values. A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean of
the set, while a high standard deviation indicates that the values are spread out over a wider
range.
3.1.6 Variance:
In statistics, variance is the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its
mean. Informally, it measures how far a set of numbers is spread out from their average value.
3.1.7 Skewness:
Skewness is a measure of the degree of asymmetry of a frequency distribution. In general,
when the distribution stretches to the right more than it does to the left, it can be said that the
distribution is right-skewed, or positively skewed. When a distribution is right skewed, the
mean is to the right of the median, which in turn is to the right of the mode. The opposite is
true for left-skewed distribution.
Range
1+3.222 * log10 (N)
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I. Positively skewed (right skewed)
II. Negatively skewed (left skewed)
Figure 1 positively and negatively skewed
3.1.8 Kurtosis:
Kurtosis is a statistical measure that defines how heavily the tails of a distribution differ from
the tails of a normal distribution. In other words, kurtosis identifies whether the tails of a given
distribution contain extreme values.
i. Leptokurtic: It is a curve having peak than normal curve. Too much concentration
of the items near the center. (kurtosis value >3)
ii. Platy-kurtic: A curve having a lower peak (flatter) than the normal curve. There is
less concentration of items near the center. (kurtosis value < 3)
iii. Meso-kurtic: It is a curve having a normal peak or normal curve. There is equal
distribution around the center value (mean). (kurtosis value = 3)
Figure 2 Types of Kurtosis
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3.2 Histogram:
A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of data, which is an estimate of the
probability distribution of a continuous variable, usually in bar graph form. The shape of a
histogram describes how the scores are distributed from low to high. Taller Bars in the
histogram indicate more data points are clustered around that point.
Figure 3 Histogram
3.3 Frequency distribution Curve:
Frequency distribution, in statistics, is a graph or data set organized to show the frequency of
occurrence of each possible outcome of a repeatable event observed many times.
3.4 Ogive curve/ S curve/ Cumulative frequency curve:
It is the representation of the cumulative frequencies for the classes in the frequency
distribution.
3.5 Percentile speeds:
i. 98th percentile speed (Design speed): 98th percentile speed is taken for the highway
pavement design. In 98th percentile speed, 98 percentage of all vehicles are passing
below this speed. Only 2% of remaining vehicles will exceeds this speed.
ii. 85th percentile speed (Upper safe speed limit): In 85th percentile speed, 85% of all
vehicles are passing below this speed. Only 15% of vehicles are exceeding this speed.
This speed is the upper safe speed of road.
iii. 15th percentile speed (Lower safe speed limit): In 15 percentile speed, 15% of all
vehicles are passing below this speed and the remaining vehicles will be higher than
this speed. This should be the minimum maintaining speed of vehicle.
iv. 50th percentile speed: It is the average speed of the traffic stream below which 50
percent traffic are moving.
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4. Procedure-
i. Upload the speed data into excel sheet.
ii. Select one particular vehicle speed data and find the descriptive statistics.
iii. Descriptive statistics table for that particular class of vehicle which includes mean,
median, standard deviation, variance, skewness, kurtosis and percentile speeds.
iv. Frequency distribution table for different class of vehicles in ms excel.
v. Plot the histogram in excel by frequency values.
vi. Plot the frequency distribution curve in excel between percentage frequency and speed
of vehicle.
vii. Plot the cum frequency distribution curve between percentage cum frequency and speed
of vehicle in excel.
viii. Then repeat the step iii, iv, v, vi and vii for other types of vehicles.
ix. Compare frequency distribution curve and S-curve for different class of vehicles.
Figure 4 Different percentile speeds
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5. Analysis of Data-
Excel commands:
i. To find minimum and maximum speed value.
=MIN (number1, number2 …)
=MAX (number1, number2 …)
ii. To find range and count
=MAX-MIN
=COUNT (number1, number2 …)
iii. To find mean, median, standard deviation
=AVERAGE (number1, number2 …)
=MEDIAN (number1, number2 …)
iv. To find frequency distribution of various class interval speed data
=FREQUENCY (DATA ARRAY, MAXIMUM VALUE ARRAY) (Ctrl + Shift + Enter)
v. To find different percentile speeds
=PERCENTILE (DATA ARRAY, k)
Table 1 Frequency and Cumulative frequency of Small cars
MIN MAX MID FEQ
CUMMULATIVE
FREEQUENCY
%CUM.
FREQ.
0 10 5 0 0 0.0
10 20 15 0 0 0.0
20 30 25 0 0 0.0
30 40 35 11 11 2.9
40 50 45 45 56 14.9
50 60 55 91 147 39.2
60 70 65 112 259 69.1
70 80 75 87 346 92.3
80 90 85 25 371 98.9
90 100 95 4 375 100.0
100 110 105 0 375 100.0
110 120 115 0 375 100.0
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Table 8 Descriptive statistics of small cars
MEAN 63.5
STANDARD DEVIATION 12.12922
MINIMUM 33.4
MAXIMUM 98.8
COUNT 375
RANGE 65.4
CLASS INTERVAL 7.033412
Table 9 Descriptive statistics of big cars
MEAN 60.4
STANDARD DEVIATION 14.0
MINIMUM 26.1
MAXIMUM 108.2
COUNT 236.0
RANGE 82.1
CLASS INTERVAL 9.5
Table 10 Descriptive statistics of TW
MEAN 59.0
STANDARD DEVIATION 15.0
MINIMUM 34.9
MAXIMUM 103.3
COUNT 166.0
RANGE 68.3
CLASS INTERVAL 8.4
Table 11 Descriptive statistics of Auto
MEAN 43.3
STANDARD DEVIATION 9.782961
MINIMUM 26.7
MAXIMUM 61.4
COUNT 71
RANGE 34.7
CLASS INTERVAL 4.977905
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Table 12 Descriptive statistics of HCV
MEAN 44.4
STANDARD DEVIATION 10.30521
MINIMUM 23.4
MAXIMUM 75.7
COUNT 306
RANGE 52.3
CLASS INTERVAL 5.80547
Table 13 Descriptive statistics of LCV
MEAN 47.3
STANDARD DEVIATION 10.52676
MINIMUM 22.1
MAXIMUM 86.4
COUNT 288
RANGE 64.3
CLASS INTERVAL 7.207203
Table 14 Descriptive statistics of MAV
MEAN 36.2
STANDARD DEVIATION 6.409882
MINIMUM 21.6
MAXIMUM 56.9
COUNT 55
RANGE 35.3
CLASS INTERVAL 5.34216
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6. GRAPHS-
Figure 5 Frequency distribution of different vehicle speeds
Figure 6 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
FREQUENCY
SPEED (KMPH)
FREQUENCY- SPEED
CS CB TW Auto HV LCV MAV
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
%
CUMMULATIVE
FREQUENCY
SPEED (KMPH)
%CUMMULATIVE FREQUENCY- SPEED
CS CB TW Auto HV LCV MAV
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Figure 7 Frequency distribution of different Car speeds
Figure 8 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve for cars
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
FREQUENCY
SPEED (KMPH)
FREQUENCY-SPEED (for Small Cars)
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
%
CUMMULATIVE
FREQUENCY
SPEED (KMPH)
%CUMMULATIVE FREQ. -SPEED (For Small Cars)
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Figure 9 Frequency distribution of big Car speeds
Figure 10 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve for big cars
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
FREQUENCY
SPEED (KMPH)
FREQUENCY-SPEED (for big cars)
15
50
85
98
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
%CUMMULATIVE
FREQ.
SPEED (KMPH)
% CUMMULATIVE FREQ._ SPEED (big cars)
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Figure 11 Frequency distribution of TW speeds
Figure 12 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve for TW
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
FREQUENCY
SPEED (KMPH)
FREQUENCY-SPEED (For TW)
15
50
85
98
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
%CUMMULATIVE
FREQUENCY
SPEED (KMPH)
%CUMMULATIVE FREQUENCY-SPEED (TW)
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Figure 13 Frequency distribution of Auto speed
Figure 14 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve for Auto
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
FREQUENCY
SPEED (KMPH)
FREQUENCY-SPEED (For Auto)
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
%
CUMMULATIVE
FREQUENCY
SPEED (KMPH)
%CUM. FREQ.-SPEED (For Auto)
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Figure 15 Frequency distribution of HCV speed
Figure 16 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve for HCV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
FREQUENCY
SPEED (KMPH)
FEQ-SPEED (For HCV)
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
%
CUMMULATIVE
FREQUENCY
SPEED (KMPH)
%CUM. FREQ.-SPEED (For HCV)
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Figure 17 Frequency distribution of LCV speed
Figure 18 Percentage Cumulative frequency distribution curve for LCV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
FREQUENCY
SPEED (KMPH)
FEQ-SPEED (For LCV)
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
%
CUMMULATIVE
FREQUENCY
SPEED (KMPH)
%CUM. FREQ.-SPEED (for LCV)
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7. Results:
Speed profiles of the different vehicles has been obtained using excel and graphsare plotted to
compare the speed distribution for the different types of vehicles.
8. Conclusion:
i. Speed data generally follows normal distribution.
ii. Frequency distribution resembles a bell-shaped curve and Cumulative frequency
distribution as an S-curve.
iii. Mode value can be calculated from frequency distribution curve i.e., the highest peak
of the curve is the mode value.
iv. Mode value is the speed of vehicle with highest frequency.
v. From Fig 5 we can see that the speed distribution of small cars has more deviation with
more standard deviation.
vi. From fig 6 we observe that 85th
and 98th
percentile speeds are high in case of small cars
and big cars.
vii. Cumulative frequency plots are used to find percentile speeds.
(15th
percentile speed = lower limit of safe speed;
50th
percentile speed = median speed;
85th
percentile speed = upper limit of safe speed;
98th
percentile speed = design speed)
References
(n.d.). Retrieved from springer: https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-
642-04898-2_582
Traffic engineering and transport planning. (2013). In L. Kadiyali. Khanna publishers.