This document discusses several "lies" regarding shared mobility and new mobility business models: 1) Shared mobility is often not truly shared, as services like Uber and taxis typically only have 1.5-1.6 passengers per vehicle. Increased use of on-demand services may reduce car ownership but likely increase congestion. 2) Shared vehicle use and carsharing have been declining for decades, and growth of these services has been dwarfed by continued growth in private car ownership. 3) Shared mobility will not necessarily lead to more efficient use of resources, as mobility-as-a-service business models rely on increasing the total amount of mobility sold. 4) Urban planning and policies will be

1. Institute for Transport Studies
FACULTY OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENT
Mobility Lifestyles
Jillian Anable
Professor of Transport and Energy
The Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds
J.L.Anable@leeds.ac.uk
Collaborative Mobility Conference
27th September 2018

2. we are in the midst of a regime transition that is seeing the
motor age becoming overshadowed by the digital age.
This change is taking us into a recast form of society brought
about by the affordances of the digital age revolution in which
the car is set to become a background, functionally supporting
technology. It will be accompanied and overshadowed by a
much greater richness in forms of being able to reach people,
goods, services and opportunities made possible by information
and communications technologies (ICTs). Car dependence will
abate as the spatial and temporal configurations of social and
economic participation in society become more flexible.
Glenn Lyons (2014)
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3. Source:BloombergandMcKinsey(2016)

4. ARE YOU READY FOR THE …
?

6. The Great Shared Mobility Lie?

7. This is called ‘SHARED MOBILITY’ This is NOT Called ‘SHARED MOBILITY’!
LIE? Shared Mobility involves vehicle
sharing

8. Shared mobility
[shair moh-bil-i-tee]
noun
 “unscrupulous use of the word “sharing” by
technologists to imply that new mobility
modes are good and incorrectly asserts they
involve lots of shared vehicle occupancy.
This is to show they are much better than
urban public transport which is not good and
doesn’t involve sharing in any good sort of
way and which has to be got rid of as soon as
possible.”
(Prof Graham Currie, 22-06-2017)

9. THE END
Shared services & AV’s will
take over public transit
because public transport is old,
too old to be involved in the
modern on demand and AV
technology trend and hence
car based mobility will take
over.

10. LIE? The Youth of today won’t want to own
anything in the future, especially cars
 What do we really know about acceptability of the sharing economy?
 What is the role of sharing in a more sustainable and resource efficient future?
 People are resistant to sharing their space with others …
 Users of shared homes and entire homes on Airbnb are entirely different (Lutz and Newlands,
2018)
 Sharers (eg of Airbnb) are wealthier and higher income.
 Likewise, we need to distinguish between ‘shared ownership/access’ and
‘shared at the point of use.
Is Sharing Sharing?

11. Young people - trends
Trend began 25 years ago:
 Each cohort of young people since early 1990s own and use cars less than the
preceding cohort
 Growth of car use with age at a lower rate (ie it is more than just a postponement
of driving)
 Substantial change in commuting patterns of 25-34 yr olds – greater use of
public transport

12. Big spatial differences

13. Young people – explanations for
changing trends
 Lower full time employment rates
 Increase in low wage, uncontracted jobs
 Motoring costs, including insurance costs
 Stagnation in wage rates, increases in housing expenditure and a decline in
disposable income
 Changes in values and attitudes – an acceptance of not driving
 Impact of increased ICT use in daily life is not clear

15. Preferences for new energy and mobility
service business models
Soon to be
published work:
contact:
J.L..Anable@Leed
s.ac.uk

16. YES!! [some] Consumers DO want the new business
models the sector can offer.
BUT we must be EXTREMELY cautious if consumer trust,
participation, and business model legitimacy are going to
be a key determinant of the next phase of the mobility and
energy transition.

17. Source: Charting Transport (2017)
LIE? Shared Mobility is growing
“Whilst car sharing is clearly
effective for those who use it, this
has yet to lead to any transition
away from personal car ownership.
Indeed, the evidence from
Germany suggests that “the growth
of car sharing in the last two
decades appears to be completely
dwarfed by the continued growth of
private car ownership as regards
absolute numbers of vehicles”.
(p30)

18. Source: Charting Transport (2017)
Shared (car) travel is NOT growing; its
been DECLINING for 30 years
LIE? Shared Mobility is growing

19.  Average vehicle occupancy in UK is 1.55
(including the driver) (NTS stats)
 Uber assumed to have the same occupancy as
Taxi at 1.66 per vehicle (including the driver)
(Source: San Francisco County Transportation Authority (2017) ‘TNC’s Today’ )
 ‘On demand’ services may help to
reduce car ownership?
It isn't much in the
way of sharing
BUT, how much
induced demand +
congestion?

20. http://usa.streetsblog.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2017/10/2017_UCD-ITS-RR-17-07.pdf

21. LIE? Shared mobility will allow more
efficient use of resources
Electric Cars Autonomous Cars Shared Cars
The MAAS* business model relies on
selling more and more mobility
(*Mobility As A Service)

22. Big choices: ‘strategic’

23. Where are the urban designers and
planners?

24. Smart Cities are only as good as the
policies that govern them
 We don’t do transport governance well now
when it’s relatively simple …
 We are only at the beginning of the digital
revolution for the city - but can we really have
a city run by data?
 How will the benefits and any negative
externalities of such a transition be
managed?
 How will we ensure the objectives of each
‘revolution’ are aligned?
 We are at a critical juncture for new
regulatory mechanisms to impact the
outcomes we want
MAAS
The more mobility the better
…