At iomob we seek to transform urban mobility from its current fragmented state towards a decentralised internet of mobility marketplace. This white paper seeks to explore emerging trends and future directions towards more seamless access to public and private mobility services.
Grush kiss your bus goodbye with cover published versionBern Grush
As Bern Grush’s relationship with urban road transit sours, he reveals why he’s falling in love with driverless electric vehicles.
Loved by many planners, the urban transit bus is outsized, ungainly, disdained, and underused. Its function is critical for cities but its physical and network form is increasingly undesirable. Fortunately, it won’t be needed much longer…
City changemaker - Istanbul + Mobility workshop - March 28th '15Ronald Lenz
CITY//CHANGEMAKER is a platform for urban innovation in emerging cities in the Mediterranean and Middle East region.
On March 28th we launched CITY//CHANGEMAKER in Istanbul. On a cloudy Saturday at 09:00 AM 30 people showed up on the doorstep of Istanbul’s first ever coworking space Yazane.
The question to solve: “How might we give Istanbul commuters the most convenient, affordable and greenest transport options through the use of smart technology?”
Ecomoco aims to be a representative body for co-mobility and shared-moblity service providers in Europe.
This Charta is a draft document. It is sharing the principles of Collaborative Mobility.
Grush kiss your bus goodbye with cover published versionBern Grush
As Bern Grush’s relationship with urban road transit sours, he reveals why he’s falling in love with driverless electric vehicles.
Loved by many planners, the urban transit bus is outsized, ungainly, disdained, and underused. Its function is critical for cities but its physical and network form is increasingly undesirable. Fortunately, it won’t be needed much longer…
City changemaker - Istanbul + Mobility workshop - March 28th '15Ronald Lenz
CITY//CHANGEMAKER is a platform for urban innovation in emerging cities in the Mediterranean and Middle East region.
On March 28th we launched CITY//CHANGEMAKER in Istanbul. On a cloudy Saturday at 09:00 AM 30 people showed up on the doorstep of Istanbul’s first ever coworking space Yazane.
The question to solve: “How might we give Istanbul commuters the most convenient, affordable and greenest transport options through the use of smart technology?”
Ecomoco aims to be a representative body for co-mobility and shared-moblity service providers in Europe.
This Charta is a draft document. It is sharing the principles of Collaborative Mobility.
The Future of Mobility - How Hyperloop, Boom Supersonic and Driverless Cars W...Antonio Auricchio
We are now on the verge of a new technological revolution of mobility. Transonic trains, supersonic airplanes and electric driverless cars will have the same impact on our modernity as their current old-fashioned versions had on our parents’. Mobility, or the lack of it, once again will decide which country, company or even person will drive the upcoming changes.
The aim of this Policy Brief is to raise awareness on the megatrends that are likely to transform the shape of our cities and the way we commute.
Thoughts on the Future of Mobility (Dec 2016)Cornel Chiriac
In Dec 2016 I took a deeper dive into the mobility space and synthesized some thoughts in the following presentation. It covers the drivers for change, a view on the future state, and who will be the winners and losers. The presentation includes thoughts on how the world is changing, what does the future hold for how people will move around and fulfil their needs for transportation and mobility.
The presentation is built upon research by leading consultancies, aggregated and augmented with my thoughts on the topic. The presentation is high-level and is meant to be presented in-person rather than read as a stand-alone, exhaustive paper. It is meant as starting point — see the list of sources for in-depth reading.
Get Automotive Smart - Automotive Futuresemmersons1
The automotive industry is ramping up to a period of transformation. But what does the future look like, and what do the predicted changes mean for existing players?
On-demand car sharing services become increasingly prevalent in recent years. To understand how a car sharing system is intended to work, this paper investigates the business model of DiDi, the world’s largest mobile-based transportation platform, from four dimensions in a perspective of practical operations: service pattern, operating mechanism, pricing model, and safety strategy. Four key elements that bring DiDi into growth and mark car sharing services in the context of sharing economy are identified by going through an insight into the nature of DiDi business model. This study will help DiDi-like collaborative ventures contrast and check their business models to form their own unique leading edge
This report looks at the disruptive potential of automated vehicles: their impact on commuters, car companies, vehicle design and urban planning. It warns of the potential dangers of their unbridled proliferation and prerequisites to their effective deployment.
The governance of risks in ridesharing a revelatory case from singaporeAraz Taeihagh
Recently we have witnessed the worldwide adoption of many different types of innovative technologies, such as crowdsourcing, ridesharing, open and big data, aiming at delivering public services more efficiently and effectively. Among them, ridesharing has received substantial attention from decision-makers around the world. Because of the multitude of currently understood or potentially unknown risks associated with ridesharing (unemployment, insurance, information privacy, and environmental risk), governments in different countries apply different strategies to address such risks. Some governments prohibit the adoption of ridesharing altogether, while other governments promote it. In this article, we address the question of how risks involved in ridesharing are governed over time. We present an in-depth single case study on Singapore and examine how the Singaporean government has addressed risks in ridesharing over time. The Singaporean government has a strong ambition to become an innovation hub, and many innovative technologies have been adopted and promoted to that end. At the same time, decision-makers in Singapore are reputed for their proactive style of social governance. The example of Singapore can be regarded as a revelatory case study, helping us further to explore governance practices in other countries.
Elite Avenues: Flyovers, Freeways and the Politics of Urban MobilityStephen Graham
Development and planning elites across many of the burgeoning megacities of the global south still work powerfully to fetishise elevated highways or flyovers as part of their efforts at “worlding” their cities. In such a context, and given the neglect of such processes in recent urban and mobilities literatures, this article presents an international and interdisciplinary analysis of the urban and vertical politics of raised flyovers, freeways and expressways. It argues that such highways need to be seen as important elements within broader processes of three-dimensional social segregation and secession within and between cities which privilege the mobilities of the privileged. The paper falls into six sections. Following the introduction, the complex genealogies of flyover urban design are discussed. Discussion then moves to the vertical politics of flyovers in the west Bank and post-Apartheid South Africa; the elite imaginings surrounding flyover construction in Mumbai; the political struggles surrounding the ribbons of space beneath flyover systems; and the efforts to bury or re-appropriate the landscapes of raised flyovers.
No Hands: The Autonomous Future of TruckingCognizant
The impacts of autonomous trucking will reverberate far beyond the trucking industry. As members of the workforce, public policy proponents, technology strategists and business leaders grapple with the technological, economic and cultural fall-out of self-driving trucks, what happens next could serve as a template for other fields influenced by AI.
Smart cities, empowering people - Robert Ouellette in CRJEmily Hough
What happens the day cities become sentient, smarter than their citizens? Will we have a frightening, Terminator-like world? Robert Ouellette thinks not, but says the days of cities that are smarter than their humans are coming soon...
Sharing 2.0 - collaborative consumption. The need to reinvent the personal Mobility systems in urban areas. Brief discription of Mobility sharing Systems and the importance of Shared Space and Public Space
Presentation argues that vehicle miles of travel (VMT) is the key measure of transportation sustainability. Urbanized areas the size of San Antonio have reduced VMT per capita by building light rail systems and compact growth. It is recommended that San Antonio significantly increase transit funding, reduce impervious cover for parking, built light rail and manage growth.
Micromobility Explorer - how to make it sustainableStéphane Schultz
We've spent several months browsing cities, meeting executives and studying usecases to understand what is hidden behind the micromobility frenzy. As urbanist and mobility experts, we have tried to figure out how to solve the main issues encountered by operators and cities. Hope you enjoy the ride ! It's only the beginning...
The Future of Mobility - How Hyperloop, Boom Supersonic and Driverless Cars W...Antonio Auricchio
We are now on the verge of a new technological revolution of mobility. Transonic trains, supersonic airplanes and electric driverless cars will have the same impact on our modernity as their current old-fashioned versions had on our parents’. Mobility, or the lack of it, once again will decide which country, company or even person will drive the upcoming changes.
The aim of this Policy Brief is to raise awareness on the megatrends that are likely to transform the shape of our cities and the way we commute.
Thoughts on the Future of Mobility (Dec 2016)Cornel Chiriac
In Dec 2016 I took a deeper dive into the mobility space and synthesized some thoughts in the following presentation. It covers the drivers for change, a view on the future state, and who will be the winners and losers. The presentation includes thoughts on how the world is changing, what does the future hold for how people will move around and fulfil their needs for transportation and mobility.
The presentation is built upon research by leading consultancies, aggregated and augmented with my thoughts on the topic. The presentation is high-level and is meant to be presented in-person rather than read as a stand-alone, exhaustive paper. It is meant as starting point — see the list of sources for in-depth reading.
Get Automotive Smart - Automotive Futuresemmersons1
The automotive industry is ramping up to a period of transformation. But what does the future look like, and what do the predicted changes mean for existing players?
On-demand car sharing services become increasingly prevalent in recent years. To understand how a car sharing system is intended to work, this paper investigates the business model of DiDi, the world’s largest mobile-based transportation platform, from four dimensions in a perspective of practical operations: service pattern, operating mechanism, pricing model, and safety strategy. Four key elements that bring DiDi into growth and mark car sharing services in the context of sharing economy are identified by going through an insight into the nature of DiDi business model. This study will help DiDi-like collaborative ventures contrast and check their business models to form their own unique leading edge
This report looks at the disruptive potential of automated vehicles: their impact on commuters, car companies, vehicle design and urban planning. It warns of the potential dangers of their unbridled proliferation and prerequisites to their effective deployment.
The governance of risks in ridesharing a revelatory case from singaporeAraz Taeihagh
Recently we have witnessed the worldwide adoption of many different types of innovative technologies, such as crowdsourcing, ridesharing, open and big data, aiming at delivering public services more efficiently and effectively. Among them, ridesharing has received substantial attention from decision-makers around the world. Because of the multitude of currently understood or potentially unknown risks associated with ridesharing (unemployment, insurance, information privacy, and environmental risk), governments in different countries apply different strategies to address such risks. Some governments prohibit the adoption of ridesharing altogether, while other governments promote it. In this article, we address the question of how risks involved in ridesharing are governed over time. We present an in-depth single case study on Singapore and examine how the Singaporean government has addressed risks in ridesharing over time. The Singaporean government has a strong ambition to become an innovation hub, and many innovative technologies have been adopted and promoted to that end. At the same time, decision-makers in Singapore are reputed for their proactive style of social governance. The example of Singapore can be regarded as a revelatory case study, helping us further to explore governance practices in other countries.
Elite Avenues: Flyovers, Freeways and the Politics of Urban MobilityStephen Graham
Development and planning elites across many of the burgeoning megacities of the global south still work powerfully to fetishise elevated highways or flyovers as part of their efforts at “worlding” their cities. In such a context, and given the neglect of such processes in recent urban and mobilities literatures, this article presents an international and interdisciplinary analysis of the urban and vertical politics of raised flyovers, freeways and expressways. It argues that such highways need to be seen as important elements within broader processes of three-dimensional social segregation and secession within and between cities which privilege the mobilities of the privileged. The paper falls into six sections. Following the introduction, the complex genealogies of flyover urban design are discussed. Discussion then moves to the vertical politics of flyovers in the west Bank and post-Apartheid South Africa; the elite imaginings surrounding flyover construction in Mumbai; the political struggles surrounding the ribbons of space beneath flyover systems; and the efforts to bury or re-appropriate the landscapes of raised flyovers.
No Hands: The Autonomous Future of TruckingCognizant
The impacts of autonomous trucking will reverberate far beyond the trucking industry. As members of the workforce, public policy proponents, technology strategists and business leaders grapple with the technological, economic and cultural fall-out of self-driving trucks, what happens next could serve as a template for other fields influenced by AI.
Smart cities, empowering people - Robert Ouellette in CRJEmily Hough
What happens the day cities become sentient, smarter than their citizens? Will we have a frightening, Terminator-like world? Robert Ouellette thinks not, but says the days of cities that are smarter than their humans are coming soon...
Sharing 2.0 - collaborative consumption. The need to reinvent the personal Mobility systems in urban areas. Brief discription of Mobility sharing Systems and the importance of Shared Space and Public Space
Presentation argues that vehicle miles of travel (VMT) is the key measure of transportation sustainability. Urbanized areas the size of San Antonio have reduced VMT per capita by building light rail systems and compact growth. It is recommended that San Antonio significantly increase transit funding, reduce impervious cover for parking, built light rail and manage growth.
Micromobility Explorer - how to make it sustainableStéphane Schultz
We've spent several months browsing cities, meeting executives and studying usecases to understand what is hidden behind the micromobility frenzy. As urbanist and mobility experts, we have tried to figure out how to solve the main issues encountered by operators and cities. Hope you enjoy the ride ! It's only the beginning...
Navigating the Future The Evolution of Transportation Services.pptxunitendlelatransport
Transportation services offer convenient, efficient, and often innovative solutions for moving people and goods, encompassing everything from ride-sharing to freight logistics.
An application presentation made specifically for IE business school in Spain answering the question "How do you envision the city of the future?" #IEApplication, #GoBeyond
Transportation is changing and it's changing fast! Inclusivity, environmental concerns and smart cities are all new challenges our mobility needs to tackle. Find more in our new infographics!
The mobility industry has been changing rapidly and 2019 will bring even more innovations, challenges, and opportunities. Here are four mobility trends that Passport expects to hear more about this year.
Back in 2015, the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT), under the leadership of Secretary Anthony Foxx, has
leveraged nearly $350 million in public and private funds for smart city and advanced transportation technologies. Building on
Beyond Traffic 2045, the Smart City Challenge provided a spark for cities looking to revolutionize their transportation systems
to help improve people’s lives. Through the Smart City Challenge, the Department committed up to $40 million to one winning
city. In response, cities leveraged an additional $500 million in private and public funding to help make their Smart City visions
real. And, in October 2016, Secretary Foxx announced an additional $65 million in grants to support community-driven
advanced technology transportation projects in cities across America, including 4 of the finalists in the Smart City Challenge.
By challenging American cities to use emerging transportation technologies to address their most pressing problems, the
Smart City Challenge aimed to spread innovation through a mixture of competition, collaboration, and experimentation.
But the Smart City Challenge was about more than just technology. We called on mayors to define their most pressing
transportation problems and envision bold new solutions that could change the face of transportation in our cities by meeting
the needs of residents of all ages and abilities; and bridging the digital divide so that everyone, not just the tech-savvy, can be
connected to everything their city has to offer.
At Finpro's ITS and MaaS seminar on May 4, Martyn Briggs from Frost & Sullivan discussed the converging trends that are leading to shift away from private cars, the new mobility business models that are becoming well established, and the potential impacts these services can realise in our cities now and in the future.
This report summarizes findings from a three-year collaboration between the World Economic Forum and The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) to explore how autonomous vehicles could reshape the future of urban mobility. The project built on the collective insights generated from the Autonomous and Urban Mobility Working Group (Working Group) of the System Initiative on Shaping the Future of Mobility, composed of roughly 35 business executives from diverse industries (including automotive, technology, logistics, insurance, utilities and infrastructure) that convened for 10 full-day workshops and numerous conference calls.
Sustainability is gaining attention and transportation is no exception. MaaS is gaining popularity as the sustainable solution for transportation however associated with number of challenges that are discussed in the presentation. Read more about this topic on: https://roshnirhymes.blogspot.com/2023/08/navigating-sustainable-mobility.html
Future of transport An initial perspective - Professor Glenn Lyons, UWE, Br...Future Agenda
An initial perspective on the future of transport by Professor Glenn Lyons, Professor of Transport and Society at UWE Bristol. This is the starting point for the global future agenda discussions taking place through 2015 as part of the the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
2. 1. Introduction
The American dream throughout the 20th century was commonly depicted as moving
out to the suburbs with a white picket fence and a car (usually a Ford) in the garage.
Over the decades, this dream expanded to a larger home and a three-car garage to
house cars for both parents and one for children of driving age.
The dream was birthed in the US, and created a contagion in cities and countries
around the globe. As our global population grew and our cities sprawled, the original
American dream increasingly started looking more and more like a nightmare. Jane
Jacobs of course poignantly and convincingly demonstrated how America’s fascination
with the personal automobile contributed to the decay of culture and quality of life in
cities.
Municipal, regional and national governments have spent trillions of dollars to build
and maintain highway infrastructure (and major utility connections) to the growing
suburban masses. Traffic congestion costs more than $300 billion (USD) to the US
economy annually1 and reduces quality of life. Emissions from transportation in the EU
represent 25% of total GHG emissions in the region2. Furthermore, the car-dependent
suburban life has exacerbated obesity while air contamination (much of which comes
from transportation) leads to more than 5 million deaths worldwide on an annual
basis3.
Urbanists, transportation professionals and the entire automobile industry have
converged on these challenges and begun exploring how new technologies and new
business models can adapt to the changing mobility requirements of the 21st century.
1. https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2018/02/traffics-mind-boggling-economic-toll/552488/
2. https://www.vcd.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Redaktion/Themen/Auto_Umwelt/CO2-
Grenzwert/2018_04_CO2_emissions_cars_The_facts_report_final.pdf
3. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35568249
3. At many mobility conferences I attend, autonomous vehicles and urban
air mobility are all the rage. Yet, some researchers have recently
challenged these assumptions demonstrating that the proliferation of
autonomous vehicles could actually result in increased congestion in
our cities. Yet, if implemented correctly, autonomous vehicles pose
the potential to increase the efficiency of passenger vehicle
movement, especially if we focus more on shared autonomous vehicles
and autonomous public transit options, perhaps those that can enable
liquid routing based on real-time demand.
1.1 Autonomous Vehicles and Urban Air Mobility: Are
they part of a more sustainable future mobility
scenario?
Urban air mobility, such as drones for delivery and helicopter taxis,
may sound like science fiction but are actually already being tested in
cities like Dubai today. We at iomob are big advocates for innovation
and technology (note: we were founded by three PhDs, one in
entrepreneurship and two others in Computer Science), we are not
enamored with the prospects of urban air mobility to bypass the
congested contaminating streets we travel on today. On the contrary,
we are very concerned about this development.
While there are legitimate use cases for urban air mobility (e.g.
delivering aid to people who have been cut-off from accessing essential
services after a hurricane or earthquake), as a general rule our view is
that we as a global community, have collectively been unable to fix our
ground level problems with better urban planning and infrastructure,
better regulatory practices to encourage more sustainable mobility
patterns (pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, increased spending on
public transit, etc.) and a faster evolution of our culture from car
dependence towards a more wholistic approach to mobility. It is
precisely our failure to fix ground-level infrastructure and behavior
that has given rise to the growing demand for urban air mobility.
Unfortunately, this pattern of exploiting local resources and moving on
to exploit others has been a feature of the human species.
4. Instead of looking to contaminate and pollute our urban skies, at
iomob we believe the solution lies in fixing our ground-level
problems, not abandoning the in ways that require those with less
resources continue to suffer from the congestion and pollution while
those with enough resources just pay to have goods flown by drone to
their house and hire flying air taxis.
1.1 Autonomous Vehicles and Urban Air Mobility: Are
they part of a more sustainable future mobility
scenario?
In conclusion, emerging technological innovations such as autonomous
vehicles and urban air mobility, may in some cases solve real use
cases, for the most part, we believe the future of urban mobility will
not be driven by these technologies. Instead, we believe the future
of urban and regional mobility, will be multi-modal, customized and
digitized in ways that enable open collaboration and competition
amongst all legal and shared mobility service providers (MSPs).
2.Current Mobility Marketplace
In recent years we have witnessed a massive explosion of new private and
public shared mobility services. Bikesharing, carsharing, carpooling,
skooter sharing, ridehailing, electric charger sharing, parking sharing and
more have been introduced in our cities in just the past decade. In
Barcelona alone, there are more than 50 known shared mobility operators.
While increasing the diversity of mobility services available to residents
and visitors is a good thing, not all mobility services have positive impacts
on the mobility experience or the ecological impacts of the mobility
ecosystem.
5. 2.1 Shared Mobility Business Models for Sustainability
In 2014, Boyd Cohen and Jan Kietzmann published a peer-reviewed article examining
how 12 different shared mobility business models differentially impact urban
sustainability and citizen value4. Leveraging four criteria from the concept of business
models for sustainability (BMfS), they concluded that the most optimal business models
in shared mobility to achieve sustainability outcomes are those that blend public and
private approaches. In recent years we have certainly witnessed major concerns
regarding technology-driven, venture capital-backed mobility companies who have
entered cities with more monopolistic as opposed to cooperative based approaches to
shared mobility.
4. Cohen, Boyd, and Jan Kietzmann. "Ride on! Mobility business models for the sharing economy." Organization &
Environment27.3 (2014): 279-296.
6. 2.2 Unregulated Private Mobility Service
Providers
At iomob, we believe that cities need to embrace experimentation and to liberally
apply the concept of sandboxes where such experimentations can take place while
regulators can catch up to the pace of innovation and to understand on a small scale
the implications of new mobility solutions. Yet, at some point, regulation is needed to
ensure private MSPs operate in ways (and their customers behave correctly too). The
rapid escalation of dockless bikesharing services is a great example. The potential for
dockless bikesharing to be a vibrant part of the mobility mix is strong. Instead of being
reliant on fixed stations that are costly and never ubiquitous enough for the demanding
requirements of mobility users, dockless bikesharing allows point-to-point mobility.
The problem is, left unregulated, dockless bikesharing systems in cities can quickly
lead to a significant cluttering of public space.
2.3 Fragmented Web 2.0 Mobility Marketplace
and the rise of MaaS
In recent years the boom in mobility options for citizens has been unprecedented. The
combination of insufficient supply of public transit, the rapid evolution of ICT and the
growing ubiquity of smart phones have supported the introduction of a host of new
mobility services. Most cities today contain dozens of shared mobility startups all
competing with each other and with other more established players (public transit,
traditional taxi services, etc).
Yet, the increase of supply of services has not achieved the efficiencies and
improvement that could be possible. Each of the existing services operate in their own
silos, with their own tech stack, their own app and their own closed user bases
(network effects). The inefficiency of this fragmented marketplace, and the inability
to enable multimodal routing of different services to achieve increased efficiency has
given rise to a revolutionary new mobility business model, Mobility as a Service.
7. Just as in numerous other industries such as software as a service (SaaS) or even
Flooring as a Service (FaaS), the concept of MaaS is to shift mobility user behavior from
owning all of the mobility devices they thought they needed (e.g. cars, scooters,
bikes), and instead enable the users access to a suite of mobility services on demand.
At iomob, we believe the current MaaS market has evolved over three steps. Step 1
was Single provider MaaS. Single provider MaaS occurs when one company offers access
to different mobility devices via a service offering. Toyota, for example, offering a Car
as a Service (CaaS) model, whereby a customer could have access to different vehicles
in their fleet for different needs. Small urban vehicle for the Monday to Friday
commute, while getting a weekend SUV for taking the family to the mountains. Rather
than buying and maintaining multiple vehicles, a CaaS customer can pay a monthly
service fee to have access to cars on demand.
Step 2 is single provider, multimodal MaaS. This is most commonly exemplified by
public transit authorities who offer all their different modes of services (bus, metro,
commuter trains, public bikeshare) in either a pay as a you go model (by journey and
intermodal) or a monthly package where subscribers can have unlimited (or in some
cases there are light, medium and heavy use packages) access to all the modes of
public transit with one fare card. We area also starting to see some private ridehailing
companies getting into a Step 2 version of MaaS whereby they acquire or invest in
alternative modes of shared mobility such as bikesharing or electric scooter sharing,
and offer a MaaS type intermodal service to their customers. Some of these initiatives
are now starting to introduce APIs to public transit data as well.
2.3 Fragmented Web 2.0 Mobility Marketplace
and the rise of MaaS
8. This leads to Step 3 MaaS which today is still seen by many as the vanguard. Step 3
MaaS is multi-provider and multimodal. In Step 3 MaaS, pioneered by Whim Global of
Helsinki, a range of mobility services are packaged in for subscribers who can also pay
as the go or for a range of monthly package options depending on projected use. The
Step 3 MaaS has introduced a transformative solution to the fragmentation problem
still plaguing most urban mobility ecosystems. By packaging in taxi/ridehailing,
bikesharing, carsharing and scooter sharing with public transit, MaaS mobility
aggregators are enabling a level of efficiency not previously possible. Subscribers to
Step 3 MaaS can receive more seamless access to a range of public and private mobility
services and even get multimodal routing options. As Susan Shaheen, a Professor at UC
Berkeley and arguably the world’s most renowned expert on shared mobility, shared
with iomob in her capacity as advisor, is that for MaaS to work, it must enable
multimodal routing, booking and integrated payment for it to serve as a seamless end
user experience and to disrupt the current fragmented marketplace.
While we at iomob embrace the innovators and the innovation that has come from the
Step 3 MaaS aggregators, we believe there is another level of advancement in MaaS for
it to truly serve the masses around the globe in a seamless and interconnected way.
And we are not alone.
2.3 Fragmented Web 2.0 Mobility Marketplace
and the rise of MaaS
Seleta Reynolds,
Los Angeles Department of Transportation
When you’re talking about a mobility operating
system, I believe strongly that we need a Linux
version. It must be open. It must be done by
cities and for cities in order for it to be broadly
adopted and used.
9. 4. The Future Of Urban &
Regional Mobility
Step 4 moves from MaaS to what we refer to as the Internet of Mobility (IoM). While
step 3 MaaS has introduced some significant improvements in urban mobility
ecosystems, it also has many significant shortcomings, which could be overcome
through the creation of an open-source, decentralized mobility aggregation
marketplace (IoM).
10. 4.1 Step 3 MaaS compared to the Internet of Mobility
Closed software versus open software
Most Step 3 MaaS aggregators are either developing their own software and end-user
application or licensing software from 3rd parties. While this allows the MaaS
aggregator more control, it erects a barrier to global innovation and interoperability of
MaaS systems and for end users. Today with a Step 3 MaaS, the only way a subscriber in
one city may be able to gain some benefits when they travel to other cities with Step 3
MaaS aggregators is if the city they are traveling to happens to have a MaaS service
offered by the same aggregator in both cities.
11. 4.1 Step 3 MaaS compared to the Internet of Mobility
Closed networks versus open networks
Most current MaaS operators negotiate discounts and partnerships with one (often the
largest) operator of each mode of transit in that city. The largest taxi service, the
largest bikeshare service, the largest scooter sharing and carsharing services, and pair
them with public transit. While this is a significant improvement over the fragmented
marketplace of today it is seriously deficient. This is because, how likely is it that the
largest provider is always the best provider for that end user in that moment in that
location?
Also this closed model kills innovation by benefitting the largest operators and erecting
barriers (even worse than in the fragmented model) to adoption of growth of new
mobility startups. A fully open, Internet of Mobility could even allow a startup or even
single independent licensed provider to be discoverable by any end user when their
vehicles are the best fit for that user based on their preferences, location and
destination.
Finally, open models can support an open network effect, whereby all MSPs, public or
private, large or small, can compete and collaborate on a more level playing field. If
all providers can have access to all end users in the system when their particularly
service is the best for that user, the system as a whole will have increased efficiency.
This does not have to lead to detrimental effects for larger players. Larger MSPs still
have more frequency and availability of service and in this open model, will still be
more likely than small players to be the best fit for a particular user. Furthermore, the
open model allows large players to help optimize fleet utilization by tapping into the
unmet demand from smaller providers who agree, through smart contracts, to offload
demand from their own users for a fee (see below).
Finally, open models can support an open network effect, whereby all MSPs, public or
private, large or small, can compete and collaborate on a more level playing field. If
all providers can have access to all end users in the system when their particularly
service is the best for that user, the system as a whole will have increased efficiency.
This does not have to lead to detrimental effects for larger players. Larger MSPs still
have more frequency and availability of service and in this open model, will still be
more likely than small players to be the best fit for a particular user. Furthermore, the
open model allows large players to help optimize fleet utilization by tapping into the
unmet demand from smaller providers who agree, through smart contracts, to offload
demand from their own users for a fee (see below).
12. 4.1 Step 3 MaaS compared to the Internet of Mobility
Trust and Negotiations versus an open
“trustless” network
In Step 3 MaaS, the aggregators enter into contractual arrangements with each
provider, often promising them exclusivity on their mode of transit (i.e. you will be the
only ridehailing service offer3ed to our users). This requires building trust and
relationships with a range of providers to enable the aggregator to create a complete
package of multimodal services. In an Internet of Mobility model, blockchain-based
smart contracts allow a trustless network to emerge. Instead of a MaaS aggregator
having to negotiate contracts with each provider, including revenue sharing
arrangements amongst the different providers, MSPs in iomob will be able to establish
their terms and compete on an open market through a digital agreement that sets out
the providers terms under different conditions.
For example, a scooter sharing startup wishes to launch in a new city with 2,000
vehicles, and realizes that there will be many instances when their new users may not
find an available scooter near them. The startup, let’s call them iScoot could establish
a smart contract that states that in the event that one of iScoot’s users opens the app
and is unable to locate an iScoot within a 6 minute walk of their current location (or
whatever the time iScoot believes is the trigger for abandoning their service), the user
could have other mobility options exposed to them, even through their own iScoot app.
The smart contract would dictate the terms iScoot is prepared to apply for offloading
demand, that is to say, for allowing another MSP to offer an alternative service to the
iScoot user. Why would iScoot do this? For 2 reasons. Firstly, because iScoot customers
will cease to use the app permanently if they find on numerous occasions that it can
not satisfy their need. iScoot risks losing a customer for life if they do not enable
offloading demand. Secondly, because iScoot can monetize a customer it can´t service.
For example it could state in a smart contract that any provider who discovers a user
through their app, and executes a service for that user, owes iScoot 50 cents.
13. 4.1 Step 3 MaaS compared to the Internet of Mobility
In Step 3 MaaS, the aggregator is not always required to share the data on mobility
usage and patterns in the system with public transit operators, private operators and
third parties who would like access to that data (research institutes, universities, think
tanks, citizens, etc). Even if the MaaS aggregator is legally required or voluntarily
decides to make some data open they can selectively choose in many cases what data
is shared with whom. And furthermore the data from the MaaS aggregator, even if
offered in its entirety, does not give a complete picture of mobility patterns, problems,
and usage in an urban area because the aggregator only has data for the providers it
has negotiated relationships with. In iomob, all legal providers who wish to be
connected will be connected and over time, this could yield a complete picture of the
mobility ecosystem. This data must made available to all stakeholders who wish to
access it (either for a fee or possibly as an open data commons).
Closed data on a closed system versus open data
from an open system
14. Features of the open, shared
mobility future
There are several fundamental features we at iomob believe are required to enable the
mobility future public transit authorities, private MSPs and citizens seek.
01
Open data commons/marketplace-As stated above, key stakeholders must
have access to aggregate, but anonymized, data about mobility patterns in
cities. This data will be incredibly valuable for identifying gaps in mobility
services, opportunities for new startups or the expansion of public transit or
established private MSPs and much more.
02
API standards for open mobility-For the internet of mobility to function,
public and private MSPs must support open APIs so that third party
aggregators can have easy access to include their services in open models.
This of course also contributes to better data as more MSPs are connected.
Creating and committing to an open API standard increases the likelihood of
local, regional and global adoption.
03
Regulatory requirement for MSPs to have open APIs. At iomob we believe
municipal and national authorities may need to compel private MSPs to open
their APIs in order to have a license to operate in their jurisdiction. Finland
was one of the first countries to develop regulation towards this end.
04
Regional, national and global interoperability and interconnectivity. In the
future, we envision any mobility user who has signed up to any app that is
connected to the open iomob protocol will be able to port their identiy,
payment and mobility preferences to any city they travel to that is also
operating on the protocol. Furthermore, this open IoM model more easily
accommodates regional and intercity travel solutions into different types of
MaaS solutions. Traditional Step 3 MaaS aggregators have little incentive to
incorporate intercity modes like carpooling, trains and intercity buses as the
demand for those is too diverse to manage in a monthly service package
model.
15. 05
IoT Infrastructure. Support for the Internet of Things (IoT) will of course
improve an open mobility ecosystem to flourish better as the precise real
time location of vehicles and mobility users enhances efficiency. Also, IoT
solutions can enhance our understanding of real time disruptions or even help
predict or identify trends in mobility service disruption or demand throughout
different temporal moments. We also believe IoT and related technologies
may enable the emergence of new services, such as liquid bus routes, driven
by transparent access to supply and demand in real time.
06
Physical infrastructure. While this topic has less to do directly with the
internet of mobility we believe the future of mobility in cities will require a
rethink of the infrastructure offered to citizens and MSPs. For example the
rapid introduction of new motorized personal mobility devices like electric
scooters and bikes needs to be considered. Should these devices not only be
regulated to a certain number in a city as many are doing, but perhaps our
dedicated non-vehicle infrastructure needs to expand at the expense of
dedicated vehicle infrastructure. We envision there may be need in cities to
have dedicated pedestrian, dedicated non-motorized lanes for things like
bikes and skateboards, and dedicated lanes for personal motorized devices.
Otherwise we will see not only increasing conflicts between different modes
but also accidents between users of these different modes.
Similarly, we believe cities may need to reexamine not just licensing of
number of vehicles per mode or provider but also explore new parking
models. For instance, could cities allocate space for a diverse range of
shared mobility services from carsharing to electric bike and scooter sharing,
and strategically locate these facilities near main public transit nodes?
Shared infrastructure for shared mobility in this way could increase the
intermodal connectivity and use of public and private mobility services and
also create more order in cities where services like dockless bikes pose a
threat to pedestrian comfort and visual challenges.
07
Accessbiility. Current Step 3 MaaS operators have paid insufficient attention
to accessibility of services for the disabled. At iomob we believe this can and
must be rectified through improved APIs with additional layers of data for
different impairments and possibly even new dedicated MSPs (some already
exist) just focused on this segment of the population. A startup in the UK,
CityMaaS, is planning to be one of the first MaaS aggregators to connect to
the iomob protocol specifically to offer a highly innovative MaaS solution for
the disabled called CityMaaS Assist.
16. This leads to a final note on compatibility of Step 3 MaaS in iomob. Iomob is building
the infrastructure for an open, decentralized mobility aggregation platform. This
means that any legal mobility company or aggregator will be able to build solutions on
top of iomob. Iomob by itself is not an MSP or a MaaS aggregator. Instead iomob is
building the plumbing for a new Web 3.0 urban and regional mobility ecosystem to
flourish. Iomob expects operators, even established ones like Whim, to explore
plugging into iomob while new operators focused on more open and decentralized
ones, such as CityMaaS, and Senta Mobility (a joint venture between Centrality and
iomob) will also introduce aggregation models leveraging the iomob protocol.
The past decade has seen significant innovations in the mobility marketplace including
new open and integrated ticketing in public transit, autonomous vehicles, the
introduction of massive global ridehailing services and the emergence of thousands of
shared mobility services and startups. MaaS solutions have allowes us to reimagine a
new mobility landscape where users can have seamless access to intermodal routing,
booking and payment of public and private mobility solutions. The next wave of
mobility innovation will be open and decentralized.
By Boyd Cohen,
Ph.D. Dean of Research, EADA Business School and CEO, iomob