This document provides an overview of climate change and its drivers. It discusses both climatic drivers like changing rainfall patterns and temperature increases, as well as non-climatic drivers like globalization, infrastructure development, and natural disasters. Some consequences of these changes are farmers losing crops, affected cropping cycles, and more hardship for women. The document also addresses whether climate change is real, what is causing it, and individuals' responsibility to mitigate its impacts. It includes alarming facts about effects already seen like melting glaciers and rising temperatures, and projections about issues like increased storms, droughts, and effects on food production and water availability.

1. Drivers of Changes
&
An overview of Climate Change
Abdul Mannan
amannan77@gmail.com
Arannayk Foundation

2. nxt: fig-ulta
Drivers of Change

3. 3
Climatic
and
Non Climatic

5. What is change?
Can we stop change?
What causes or drives change?

6. Climatic Drivers

7. Climatic Drivers
• Erratic pattern of rain – trend of
too much and too little
• Temperature increase
• Drought, thunder, lightening,
wind, storm
• Flood, glacier melting, flood at
any season
• Decreasing trend of spring water

8. Non-climatic drivers
• Globalization –
• Market
• Demand
• supply
• Infrastructure
building
• physical facilities
• Natural calamities
–
• Earthquake
• Storms
• Livelihood pattern
• Mechanization

9. Non-climatic drivers
Thisisacrowdtogoto
Koreaforwork!
Line to go to Korea: Kantipur 22.08.2013 front page
Migration

10. Some
Consequences
• Farmers are loosing seasonal crops
• Cropping cycles have been affected
• Frustration in agriculture
• Looking for alternative livelihood options
• Starting of water resistance cropping
• More hardship for women

11. Climate Change
 Is it real?
 What is it?
 Who are driving these changes?
 Do we need to be concerned?
 What is our stake in it?
 Do we have any responsibility for this?
 How can I contribute to negate its effect/impact?

12. Some Alarming Facts of Climate Change
12

13. MUIR GLACIER BEFORE:
A late-19th century
photograph of Alaska's Muir
Glacier, at more than 328
feet, shows many icebergs,
some nearly 7-feet wide in
the foreground.
MUIR GLACIER NOW:
By 2005, Muir Glacier had
retreated more than 31 miles.
Although this picture was taken
from the same location as the
early black-and-white
photograph, the glacier is
completely out of view.
13

15. Melting of Himalayan Glaciers
15

16. September 2, 2002; Bear Glacier, Kenai Mountains, Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska, USA

17. August 6, 2005; Bear Glacier, Kenai Mountains, Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska, USA

18. August 13, 2007; Bear Glacier, Kenai Mountains, Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska, USA

19. 19
Bear Glacier, Kenai
Mountains, Kenai Fjords
National Park, Alaska,
USA
http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/glaci
ers/repeat_photography.asp

20. Meaning
The most general
definition of climate
change is a change in
the statistical properties
of the climate system
when considered over
long periods of time,
regardless of cause
(Wikipedia)
ক োন জোয়গোর গড় জলবোয়়ুর দীর্ঘমেয়োদী ও অর্ঘপূর্ঘ পররবর্ঘ ন যোর
বযোরি ময় য়ুগ কর্ম ময় লক্ষ বছর পযঘন্ত হমর্ পোমর
র্োম জলবায়ু পরিবর্ত নবলো হয়।
র্বব, বর্ত মান কাবল, সামারজক ও িাজননরর্ক দৃরিবকাণ
থেবক, জলবায়ু পরিবর্ত ন বলবল সািা পৃরেবীি ইদারনিং সমবযি
মানরবক কার্তকবমতি কািবণ জলবায়ু পরিবর্ত ন থবাঝায র্া
ববরিক উষ্ণর্া নাবমই থবরি পরিরির্

21. Meaning
‘Climate Change’ means a change of climate
which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity
that alters the composition of the global atmosphere

22. Climate Change
 It is caused by natural process and
human-induced alterations of the
natural world
 The latter effects are currently
causing global warming, and "climate
change" is often used to describe
human-specific impacts
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_variability)

23. 23
Process of Global Warming (A video)

24. 24

25. Planets with very little
greenhouse effect are either very
cold…
Pluto’s average temperature is –370° F
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/pluto/statistics.html

26. On Mars, there is about a 300 degree F difference between
high and low temperatures
…or they have huge temperature
swings from day to night.
(http://quest.nasa.gov/aero/planetary/mars.html )

27. Planets with abundant greenhouse gases
are very hot
The average temperature on Venus is about 855° F!
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/venus/statistics.html

28. …which is just right…
…at least for the moment, …… if not further modified …
…and then there’s Earth….

29. Without the greenhouse effect, life on this
planet would probably not exist as the average
temperature of the Earth would be a chilly -18
degrees Celsius, rather than the present 15
degrees Celsius.

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A natural blanket of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere keeps the planet warm enough for life as
we know it — at a comfortable15°C today.
Human-caused emissions of greenhouse gases have
made the blanket thicker, trapping heat and leading to
a global warming.

32. GHGs
 Carbon-di-Oxide (CO2) GWP:1
 Nitrous Oxide (N2O) GWP:310, LiA:114 y
 Methane (CH4) GWP:21, LiA:12 y
 Fluorocarbon
 Perflurocarbons (PFCs) GWP: 6,500-9,200 LiA: 800-50,000 y
-Clorofluorocarbon (CFC)
-Hidrochloroflurocarbon (HCFC)
 Hidrofluorocarbon (HFC) GWP: 140-11,700 LiA:1-270 y
 Sulfur hexafloride (SF6) GWP: 23,900 LiA: 3200 y
http://epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases.html

33. 33
Greenhouse Gas
Concentratio
n 1750
Present
Concentration
Percent Change Natural and Anthropogenic Sources
Carbon Dioxide 280 ppm 360 ppm 29 %
Organic decay; Forest fires; Volcanoes;
Burning fossil fuels; Deforestation;
Land-use change
Methane 0.70 ppm 1.70 ppm 143 %
Wetlands; Organic decay; Termites;
Natural gas & oil extraction; Biomass
burning; Rice cultivation; Cattle;
Refuse landfills
Nitrous Oxide 280 ppb 310 ppb 11 %
Forests; Grasslands; Oceans; Soils; Soil
cultivation; Fertilizers; Biomass
burning; Burning of fossil fuels
Chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs)
0 900 ppt Not Applicable
Refrigerators; Aerosol spray
propellants; Cleaning solvents
Ozone Unknown
Varies with latitude
and altitude in the
atmosphere
Global levels have
generally decreased
in the stratosphere
and increased near
the Earth's surface
Created naturally by the action of
sunlight on molecular oxygen and
artificially through photochemical smog
production

34. Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Gas
Source: IPCC (2007)

35. 35

36. Global CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion and some
Industrial Processes (million metric tons of CO2)
Source: National CO2 Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning, Cement Manufacture, and Gas
Flaring: 1751-2008.

37. Climate Change: Impacts
Larger Storms
Drought
Floods
Migration
Sea Level Rise
Mosquitoes & Fevers

38. Food production needs to double to meet the
needs of an additional 3 billion people in the
next 30 years
Climate change is projected to decrease
agricultural productivity in the tropics and sub-
tropics for almost any amount of warming

39. Wood fuel is the only
source of fuel for one
third of the world’s
population
Wood demand will
double in next 50 years
Climate change is
projected to increase
forest productivity, but
forest management will
become more difficult,
due to an increase in
pests and fires

40. Water Services
One third of the world’s
population is now
subject to water scarcity
Population facing water
scarcity will more than
double over the next 30
years
Climate
change is
projected to
decrease
water
availability
in many
arid- and
semi-arid
regions

41. Global temperature record since 1860 and
projection to 2100
41

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43. If all ice on earth melt
Asia will be -
Source: National Geographic
Bangladesh
43

44. 44
A video: What We can do about Climate Change?

45. What are already happening
in Bangladesh?
Seal level rise
Salinity intrusion
45

46. Storms and cyclones in
increased frequency and
intensity
46

47. Frequent and unexpected
flood
River bank erosion
47

48. Displacement/migration
of people
Scarcity of drinking
water
48

49. Yes, Climate is Changing/ Climate Change is happening………….
Mother earth is warming……………………….
that ‘s creating impact on us (ecosystem & livelihood)…………………..
but
What to do?
How to do?
Whom to do?
When to do?
Coping Adaptation Mitigation

50. A video: Adaptation to Climate Change

52. 52
One person with a belief is
equal to a force of ninety
nine who have only
interests.
John Stuart Mill
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill

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58. Review: Climate Change
 Is it real?
 What is it?
 Who are driving these changes?
 Do we need to be concerned?
 What is our stake in it?
 Do we have any responsibility for this?
 How can I contribute to negate its effect/impact?

60. 60
Thank You !