This is a comprehensive presentation on particle density. A fundamental property in bulk solids handling.
Link to file : https://drive.google.com/open?id=1nXy3um5XY0HtGkOWlUdvXjbR6Gwk3eOR
This is a comprehensive presentation on particle size distribution. A fundamental property in bulk solids handling.
Link to file: https://drive.google.com/open?id=11dn9O0onwCLaX44R6ApNLhi9PHYGdLr6
This is a comprehensive presentation on particle shape. A fundamental property in bulk solids handling.
Link to file: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1ilymL-U5rQKhObPO-f5k9-be0FdRkWJ_
Episode 36 : What is Powder Technology?
All the technology which concerns itself with the handling or processing of powders, or materials in particulate form
- production, storage, transportation, mixing, dusting, characterization, packing, crushing and milling
Important role for medicines, food stuffs, plastics, metals, fertilizer, cement and etc.
A prominent academic discipline
The roots of powder technology
- in the areas of material handling and processing.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
OPTIMIZATION OF MACHINING PARAMETERS WITH TOOL INSERT SELECTION FOR S355J2G3 ...AVINASH JURIANI
The key goal of modern manufacturing industries is increased productivity & high quality
Surface Roughness is major concern for quality aspects affecting performance.
Speed, Feed & Depth of cut mainly influences SR & MRR in Turning
Taguchi & Grey Relational Technique is used for optimization followed by ANOVA for contribution
MADM is the need for better Tool Insert Selection to get requisite surface finish
This is a comprehensive presentation on particle density. A fundamental property in bulk solids handling.
Link to file : https://drive.google.com/open?id=1nXy3um5XY0HtGkOWlUdvXjbR6Gwk3eOR
This is a comprehensive presentation on particle size distribution. A fundamental property in bulk solids handling.
Link to file: https://drive.google.com/open?id=11dn9O0onwCLaX44R6ApNLhi9PHYGdLr6
This is a comprehensive presentation on particle shape. A fundamental property in bulk solids handling.
Link to file: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1ilymL-U5rQKhObPO-f5k9-be0FdRkWJ_
Episode 36 : What is Powder Technology?
All the technology which concerns itself with the handling or processing of powders, or materials in particulate form
- production, storage, transportation, mixing, dusting, characterization, packing, crushing and milling
Important role for medicines, food stuffs, plastics, metals, fertilizer, cement and etc.
A prominent academic discipline
The roots of powder technology
- in the areas of material handling and processing.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
OPTIMIZATION OF MACHINING PARAMETERS WITH TOOL INSERT SELECTION FOR S355J2G3 ...AVINASH JURIANI
The key goal of modern manufacturing industries is increased productivity & high quality
Surface Roughness is major concern for quality aspects affecting performance.
Speed, Feed & Depth of cut mainly influences SR & MRR in Turning
Taguchi & Grey Relational Technique is used for optimization followed by ANOVA for contribution
MADM is the need for better Tool Insert Selection to get requisite surface finish
Optimization of tig welding using taguchi and regression analysisvivek bisht
In order to reduce the no of experiments required for finding the output .here we use these mathematically process in order to find output (in our case it is STRENGTH). without using further experiments
Episode 37 : SAMPLING
SAMPLING
As most laboratory tests use only a small sample, this has to be taken from a production stream or from an existing, stored material and it has to be representative of the whole.
Representative sampling absolutely critical for the success and relevance of any subsequent testing.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
This presentation includes characteristics of an individual particle in a powder or in a mixture, mean particle size of a mixture or a powder, particle size distribution, fineness modulus etc.
MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF MACHINING PARAMETERSFOR C-65 MATERIAL USING TA...AVINASH JURIANI
CNC machines lead a major in a manufacturing industry, machining comprises of wide variety of operations with turning operation being the most important one. In turning operation performance specifications of concern include surface
finish, material removal rate& tolerance which are mostly affected by different
machining parameters like machining condition, work piece, tool geometry and
operating parameters. Among all of them operating parameter and tool
geometry is the most important parameter for better surface finish. This
project presents the optimization of various operating parameters as velocity,
feed and depth of cut for proper selection of tool inserts for surface finish. The
experiment was conducted on CNC lathe with C-65 shaft material. Taguchi’s
statistical analysis was employed for single optimization as it provides an
effective method for product designing which operate continuously over
varying conditions surface roughness and depth of cut is the most effective
parameter for material removal rate. Best parameter combinations for
optimum surface roughness are speed (A) at level 2 (191 m/min), feed (B)
at level 1 (0.2 mm/rev), depth of cut (C) at level 3 (1.5 mm), for optimum
material removal rate are speed (A) at level 3 (254 m/min), feed (B) at level 3
(0.3 mm/rev), depth of cut (C) at level 3 (1.5 mm). GRG optimum
parameters for SR and MRR are Speed (A) at level 2 (191 m/min), feed (B)
at level 1 (0.2 mm/rev), depth of cut (C) at level 3 (1.5 mm)
Investigation on Optimization of Machining Parameters in Wire EDM using Taguc...ijsrd.com
In this paper, the parameters used in the cutting of Cemented Tungsten Carbide using wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) with a Brass electrode was optimized using Taguchi method. Taguchi method is used to formulate the experimental layout and to analyze the effect of each parameter on the machining characteristics. Also it is used to predict the optimal choice for each parameter such as peak current, voltage, and pulse duration and interval time. It was found that these parameters have significant influence on machining characteristics such as Metal Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (SR). The result of the work reveals that, the peak current significantly affects the Surface Roughness (SR) and the pulse duration mainly affects the Metal Removal Rate (MRR).
Effect and optimization of machining parameters on cutting force and surface ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Productivity and the quality of the machined parts are the main challenges of metal cutting industry during turning process. Therefore cutting parameters must be chosen and optimize in such a way that the required surface quality can be controlled. Hence statistical design of experiments (DOE) and statistical/mathematical model are used extensively for optimize. The present investigation was carried out for effect of cutting parameters (cutting speed, depth of cut and feed) In turning off mild steel and aluminum to achieve better surface finish and to reduce power requirement by reducing the cutting forces involved in machining. The experimental layout was designed based on the 2^k factorial techniques and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify the effect of cutting parameters on surface finish and cutting forces are developed by using multiple regression analysis. The coefficients were calculated by using regression analysis and the model is constructed. The model is tested for its adequacy by using 95% confidence level. By using the mathematical model the main and interaction effects of various process parameters on turning was studied. Keywords: Universal Lathe, Surface Finish, Cutting Force, High Speed Steel Tool, Factorial Technique.
Improvement of Surface Roughness of Nickel Alloy Specimen by Removing Recast ...IJMER
Abstract: In this investigation, experimental work and computational work are combined to obtain improvement in the surface roughness of nickel alloy specimen, the machining is carried out by means of CNC wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). Brass wire is used as the tool electrode and nickel alloy (Inconel600) is used as the work piece material. The machining parameters such as Pulse-On time (Ton), Pulse-Off time (Toff), Peak Current (Ip), and Bed speed are considered as input parameters for this project. Surface roughness and Recast layer are considered the output parameters. The experiments
with the pre-planned set of input parameters are designed based on Taguchi’s orthogonal array. The surface roughness is measured using stylus type roughness tester and the thickness of the Recast layer is measured using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results obtained from the experiments are fed to the Minitab software and optimum input parameters for the desired output parameters are identified. The software uses the concept of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and indicates the nature of effect of input parameters on the output parameters and confirmation is done by validation
experiments. Once the recast layer thickness is obtained Chemical Etching and abrasive blasting is performed in order to remove the recast layer and again the surface roughness is measured by using stylus type roughness tester. Finally from the obtained results it was found that there was significant improvement in the Surface roughness of the nickel alloy material. In addition using regression analysis this work is stimulated by computational method and the results are obtained
Optimization of tig welding using taguchi and regression analysisvivek bisht
In order to reduce the no of experiments required for finding the output .here we use these mathematically process in order to find output (in our case it is STRENGTH). without using further experiments
Episode 37 : SAMPLING
SAMPLING
As most laboratory tests use only a small sample, this has to be taken from a production stream or from an existing, stored material and it has to be representative of the whole.
Representative sampling absolutely critical for the success and relevance of any subsequent testing.
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
This presentation includes characteristics of an individual particle in a powder or in a mixture, mean particle size of a mixture or a powder, particle size distribution, fineness modulus etc.
MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF MACHINING PARAMETERSFOR C-65 MATERIAL USING TA...AVINASH JURIANI
CNC machines lead a major in a manufacturing industry, machining comprises of wide variety of operations with turning operation being the most important one. In turning operation performance specifications of concern include surface
finish, material removal rate& tolerance which are mostly affected by different
machining parameters like machining condition, work piece, tool geometry and
operating parameters. Among all of them operating parameter and tool
geometry is the most important parameter for better surface finish. This
project presents the optimization of various operating parameters as velocity,
feed and depth of cut for proper selection of tool inserts for surface finish. The
experiment was conducted on CNC lathe with C-65 shaft material. Taguchi’s
statistical analysis was employed for single optimization as it provides an
effective method for product designing which operate continuously over
varying conditions surface roughness and depth of cut is the most effective
parameter for material removal rate. Best parameter combinations for
optimum surface roughness are speed (A) at level 2 (191 m/min), feed (B)
at level 1 (0.2 mm/rev), depth of cut (C) at level 3 (1.5 mm), for optimum
material removal rate are speed (A) at level 3 (254 m/min), feed (B) at level 3
(0.3 mm/rev), depth of cut (C) at level 3 (1.5 mm). GRG optimum
parameters for SR and MRR are Speed (A) at level 2 (191 m/min), feed (B)
at level 1 (0.2 mm/rev), depth of cut (C) at level 3 (1.5 mm)
Investigation on Optimization of Machining Parameters in Wire EDM using Taguc...ijsrd.com
In this paper, the parameters used in the cutting of Cemented Tungsten Carbide using wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) with a Brass electrode was optimized using Taguchi method. Taguchi method is used to formulate the experimental layout and to analyze the effect of each parameter on the machining characteristics. Also it is used to predict the optimal choice for each parameter such as peak current, voltage, and pulse duration and interval time. It was found that these parameters have significant influence on machining characteristics such as Metal Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (SR). The result of the work reveals that, the peak current significantly affects the Surface Roughness (SR) and the pulse duration mainly affects the Metal Removal Rate (MRR).
Effect and optimization of machining parameters on cutting force and surface ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Productivity and the quality of the machined parts are the main challenges of metal cutting industry during turning process. Therefore cutting parameters must be chosen and optimize in such a way that the required surface quality can be controlled. Hence statistical design of experiments (DOE) and statistical/mathematical model are used extensively for optimize. The present investigation was carried out for effect of cutting parameters (cutting speed, depth of cut and feed) In turning off mild steel and aluminum to achieve better surface finish and to reduce power requirement by reducing the cutting forces involved in machining. The experimental layout was designed based on the 2^k factorial techniques and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify the effect of cutting parameters on surface finish and cutting forces are developed by using multiple regression analysis. The coefficients were calculated by using regression analysis and the model is constructed. The model is tested for its adequacy by using 95% confidence level. By using the mathematical model the main and interaction effects of various process parameters on turning was studied. Keywords: Universal Lathe, Surface Finish, Cutting Force, High Speed Steel Tool, Factorial Technique.
Improvement of Surface Roughness of Nickel Alloy Specimen by Removing Recast ...IJMER
Abstract: In this investigation, experimental work and computational work are combined to obtain improvement in the surface roughness of nickel alloy specimen, the machining is carried out by means of CNC wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). Brass wire is used as the tool electrode and nickel alloy (Inconel600) is used as the work piece material. The machining parameters such as Pulse-On time (Ton), Pulse-Off time (Toff), Peak Current (Ip), and Bed speed are considered as input parameters for this project. Surface roughness and Recast layer are considered the output parameters. The experiments
with the pre-planned set of input parameters are designed based on Taguchi’s orthogonal array. The surface roughness is measured using stylus type roughness tester and the thickness of the Recast layer is measured using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results obtained from the experiments are fed to the Minitab software and optimum input parameters for the desired output parameters are identified. The software uses the concept of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and indicates the nature of effect of input parameters on the output parameters and confirmation is done by validation
experiments. Once the recast layer thickness is obtained Chemical Etching and abrasive blasting is performed in order to remove the recast layer and again the surface roughness is measured by using stylus type roughness tester. Finally from the obtained results it was found that there was significant improvement in the Surface roughness of the nickel alloy material. In addition using regression analysis this work is stimulated by computational method and the results are obtained
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of single screw extruders in cable in...eSAT Journals
Abstract The flow of polymer pellets along the solid conveying screw of a single screw extruder is studied by use of a numerical model
based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM). The screw profile of existing Nokia-Malifer plastic extrusion devices (for cable
industries) was mesured.Model predictions used is the Power law for Non-Newtonian Fluid, the results are compared with
experimental data, showing a good match. The feasiability of using CFD models for designing plastic extrusion devices is
analyzed. Basic parameters such as temperature, velocity profiles and pressure show high degree of similarity to practical results.
KeyWords: CFD, Single Screw Extruder, Ansys Fluent, Numerical Simulation
Wall static pressure distribution due to confined impinging circular air jeteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design Optimization and Analysis of a Steam Turbine Rotor GroovesIOSR Journals
A large variety of turbo-machinery rotor groove geometries are used in industry. However, there is
no specific attempt made to compare them on the basis of performance. This paper provides an attempt to fill
that gap aiming to find an optimum geometry. The main objective of the investigations is to reduce fillet stress
concentration factor and associated deformations. The present work carries out the design modification of fillet
of a Steam Turbine Rotor. Finite Element Analysis is performed using ANSYS Workbench that is used to
determine the fillet stresses effectively to modify the blade rotor grooves. The low pressure steam turbine rotor
blades have usually a history of stress failure. They suffer from tensile and bending stresses partly due to the
centrifugal force as a result of high rotational speeds and partly due to high pressure, temperature and speed
steam loading. The centrifugal force is one of the problems that face the designers of turbine blades especially
the long ones. The designer always aims at reducing these stresses. One way to do so is by the reduction of
stress concentration factor which takes place between the rotor and its groove. That is to make the rotor blade
of variable cross section instead of straight. This paper presents the method of reducing stress concentration
factor as well as reduction in the deformation of the rotor
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Investigation on Divergent Exit Curvature Effect on Nozzle Pressure Ratio of ...IJERA Editor
The objective of this project work is to computationally analyze shock waves in the Convergent Divergent (CD) Nozzle. The commercial CFD code Fluent is employed to analyze the compressible flow through the nozzle. The analysis is about NPR (Nozzle Pressure Ratio) i.e., the ratio between exit pressure of the nozzle to ambient pressure. The various models of CD Nozzle are designed and the results are compared. The flow characteristic of shockwave for various design of CD Nozzle is also discussed. The purpose of this project is to investigate supersonic C-D nozzle flow for increasing NPR (Nozzle pressure ratio) through CFD. The imperfect matching between the pressures and ambient pressure and exit pressure leads to the formation of a complicated shock wave structure. Supersonic nozzle flow separation occurs in CD nozzles at NPR values far above their design value that results in shock formation inside the nozzle. The one-dimensional analysis approximations are not accurate, in reality the flow detaches from the wall and forms a separation region, subsequently the flow downstream becomes non-uniform and unstable. Shock wave affects flow performance of nozzle from NPR value 1.63 for existing geometrical conditions of nozzle. Problem of using this nozzle above 1.63NPR is shock wave at downstream of throat. After shock wave, static pressure increases further downstream of flow. It leads to flow separation and back pressure effects. Back pressure makes nozzle chocked. To investigate this problem, geometry of divergent portion is introduced and analysed through CFD. This is expected in resulting of reduction of flow separation and back pressure effect as well as increase in nozzle working NPR.
Investigation on Divergent Exit Curvature Effect on Nozzle Pressure Ratio of ...IJERA Editor
The objective of this project work is to computationally analyze shock waves in the Convergent Divergent (CD) Nozzle. The commercial CFD code Fluent is employed to analyze the compressible flow through the nozzle. The analysis is about NPR (Nozzle Pressure Ratio) i.e., the ratio between exit pressure of the nozzle to ambient pressure. The various models of CD Nozzle are designed and the results are compared. The flow characteristic of shockwave for various design of CD Nozzle is also discussed. The purpose of this project is to investigate supersonic C-D nozzle flow for increasing NPR (Nozzle pressure ratio) through CFD. The imperfect matching between the pressures and ambient pressure and exit pressure leads to the formation of a complicated shock wave structure. Supersonic nozzle flow separation occurs in CD nozzles at NPR values far above their design value that results in shock formation inside the nozzle. The one-dimensional analysis approximations are not accurate, in reality the flow detaches from the wall and forms a separation region, subsequently the flow downstream becomes non-uniform and unstable. Shock wave affects flow performance of nozzle from NPR value 1.63 for existing geometrical conditions of nozzle. Problem of using this nozzle above 1.63NPR is shock wave at downstream of throat. After shock wave, static pressure increases further downstream of flow. It leads to flow separation and back pressure effects. Back pressure makes nozzle chocked. To investigate this problem, geometry of divergent portion is introduced and analysed through CFD. This is expected in resulting of reduction of flow separation and back pressure effect as well as increase in nozzle working NPR.
This presentation gives a brief introduction to the concept of coupled CFD-DEM Modeling.
Link to file: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1nO2n49BwhzBtT6NnvpxADG5WsC9uMJ-i
Summer Training 2015 at Alternate Hydro Energy CenterKhusro Kamaluddin
This is the presentation i gave to "Defend" my Summer Training at AHEC IIT Roorkee During Summer 2015. I gave this presentation in my college during my final year. Indeed the most lengthy i ever gave .
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
An Investigation into the Flow Mechanism of Gas-Solids Flow of Fine and Dusty Powders (Defending)
1. Copyright2013-2014
Khusro Kamaluddin (801783008)
Under the supervision of
Dr. S. S. Mallick (Associate Professor)
Dr. Anu Mittal (Assistant Professor)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala
An Investigation into the Flow
Mechanism of Gas-Solids Flow
of Fine and Dusty Powders
20 September 20191
2. Copyright2013-2014
Introduction
2 20 September 2019
What are bulk solids ? Particle Properties:
Particle Shape
Particle Density
Surface Area
Porosity
Hardness
Particle Size
Chemical Composition
Coefficient of Restitution
Friability
Bulk Properties:
Bulk Density
Tapped Density
Particle Size Distribution
Flow Function
Angle of Repose
Moisture
Angle of Internal Friction
Angle of External Friction
Compressibility
Cohesion
Time Consolidation
Deareation Charecteristics
What are the various bulk solid handling techniques?
3. Copyright2013-2014
Objectives
3 20 September 2019
Objectives:
1. Design, fabrication, and installation of air flow meter for pressure and
vacuum pneumatic conveying system.
2. To measure the fluidization air in pneumatic conveying system at NTPC
power plant at Mauda, Maharashtra.
3. To simulate bulk density test in EDEM and then validate the simulation
results against practical results.
Benefits to Industry:
1. Better utilisation of equipment by varying different types of air.
2. Calibration of fine powders would help industries to simulate the flow of
fine powders in industrial processes.
5. Copyright2013-2014
Air flow measurement
5 20 September 2019
Various types of air
used in pneumatic
conveying:
1. Conveying Air
2. Fluidizing Air
3. Top Air
Types of Flow meters
based on their working
principle:
1. Bernoulli’s Principle
2. Electromagnetic
Induction
3. Vortex Shredding
4. Coriolis Effect
6. Copyright2013-2014
Flow Meter
The standards used in the design are :
•ISO 4006:1991
•BS ISO TR 3313:1998
•PD ISO/TR 9464:2008
•BS EN ISO 5167-1:2003
•BS EN ISO 5167-2:2003
SELECTION OF PIPE ID
For 2 Inch Pipe :
ODMAX = 60.8 mm
Thickness = 3.6 mm
IDMAX = ODMAX – 2 x Thickness
⇒ IDMAX = 53.6 mm
Therefore taking ID = 54 mm for all design calculations.
Similarly for 3 Inch pipe ID was taken as 83 mm
8. Copyright2013-2014
Flow Meter
UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM LENGTHS
After using flow conditioner,
(Ltotal)2Inch ≈ 34 x 54 = 1836 mm
(Ltotal)3Inch ≈ 34 x 83 = 2822 mm
IS 5167-2 specifies the minimum upstream and downstream
straight pipe distance for orifice meter.
Therefore,
(Ltotal)2Inch ≈ 88 x 54 = 4752 mm
(Ltotal)3Inch ≈ 88 x 83 = 7304 mm
9. Copyright2013-2014
PRESSURE TAPPING
Types of Pressure Tappings:
1.Flange Tapping (Considered in ISO 5167)
2.Corner Tapping (Considered in ISO 5167)
3.D and D/2 Tapping (Considered in ISO 5167)
4.Vena Contracta Tapping (Not Considered in ISO 5167)
Allowable tolerance in Location of Tapping:
IDMIN = 54 mm (for 2” Orifice Meter)
∆lD = 0.1 D ≈ 0.1x54 mm = 5.4 mm
∆lD/2 = 0.01 D ≈ 0.01x54 mm = 0.54 mm
Schematic of flanged and D & D/2 tapping with tolerance
Schematic of carrier ring and corner tapping
Flow Meter
10. Copyright2013-2014
ORIFICE PLATES
The size of orifice plates was selected from the catalogue
of standard orifice plates supplied by Rosemont.
Thus the following size were selected:
2” Orifice Meter : Dia = 107 mm
3” Orifice Meter : Dia = 142 mm
Material: 202 Stainless Steel
Thickness: The thickness is taken to be 3.2 mm for all the
plates.
The bore diameter of the various orifice plates were
calculated previously during the primary stage of design.
Range for plate minimum thickness
Reducing the thickness
Making plates circular from
square pieces
Sized orifice plates
Schematic of orifice plates
Rosenmount product data sheet
Flow Meter
11. Copyright2013-2014
Flow Meter
PRESSURE TAPPING
Clause 5.2.2.7 of ISO 5167 states that :
“The diameter of pressure tappings shall be less
than 0,13D and less than 13 mm.”
Clause 5.2.2.8 of ISO 5167 states that :
“The pressure tappings shall be circular and
cylindrical over a length of at least 2,5 times the
internal diameter of the tapping, measured from the
inner wall of the pipeline.”
For Size and Height of Tapping :
IDMIN = 54 mm (for 2” Orifice Meter)
Dtapping = 0.13 x IDMIN = 0.13x54 mm = 7.02 mm
⇒ Dia of Pressure Tapping is taken as 5 mm for
all the pressure tappings.
Minimum Height of Tapping(Ht(min)) = 2.5 x Dtapping
⇒(Ht(min)) = 2.5x5 mm = 12.5 mm , Ht = 23 mm > 12.5 mm
The height of the tapping is dictated
by the height of the flange so that
during assembly the flange does not
interfere in fitting the transducer.
Making Tapping in Workshop
Schematic of pressure tapping
Tapping in making
Manufactured Product
13. Copyright2013-2014
Flow Meter
JACK BOLTS
• Provision of 2 diametrically opposite Jack Bolts is
made, both the bolts are on the upstream flange
and the plane made by the axis of the bolts is
perpendicular to the plane of tapping.
• These bolts would prove to be instrumental in
opening the orifice flanges during service of the
orifice meters.
FLANGE BOLTS
• The flange bolts are designed on the basis of
rubber gasket sealing pressure.
• The 2” and the 3” orifice meter flange have 4 and
8 bolts respectively.
• These bolts are GR8.8 Hex Bolt with 2H Heavy
Hex Nut, Length= 4 Inch , Dia = ½ Inch.
• The bolts are a little longer in length so that when
the plates are opened the flanges stay in
alignment.
14. Copyright2013-2014
Calibration of flow meter
The Reader-Harris/Gallagher (1998) equation:
Cd D>71.12 mm
= 0.5961+ 0.0261β2 − 0.0216β8+0.000521
106β
ReD
0.7
+ 0.0188+0.0063A β3.5 106
ReD
0.3
+ 0.043+0.080e
−10L1 − 0.123e
−7L1
−0.11A
β4
1−β4 − 0.031 M′2−0.8M′2
1.1
β1.3
Where,
β = d/D
For D and D/2 tappings: 𝐿1 = 1 & 𝐿′2 = 0.47
ReD is the Reynolds number
𝑀′2 =
2𝐿′2
1 − 𝛽
𝐴 =
19000𝛽
𝑅𝑒 𝐷
0.8
Thus, 𝐶 𝑑 = 𝑓 𝛽, 𝑅𝑒 𝐷, 𝐷
𝑅𝑒 𝐷 =
𝜌𝑉𝐷
𝜇
=
4𝑞 𝑚
𝜋𝜇𝐷
𝐶 𝑑 = 𝑓 𝑞 𝑚
𝑞 𝑚 = 𝑓 𝐶 𝑑, 𝛽, 𝐷, 𝜀, 𝜌, ∆𝑝
𝑞 𝑚 =
𝐶 𝑑
1 − 𝛽4
𝜀
𝜋
4
𝑑2
2∆𝑝𝜌1
Iterative scheme for Cd calculation
15. Copyright2013-2014
Fluidization air measurement at NTPC, Mauda
The flow rate in the fluidization line was found to be 0.12 kg/s
which was 5.64% of the total compressed air.
𝑞 𝑚 = 𝐾 2𝛥𝑝𝜌1
𝑞 𝑚 =
𝐶 𝑑
1 − 𝛽4
𝜀
𝜋
4
𝑑2 2∆𝑝𝜌1
𝑚 𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 0.0252𝑥 + 0.0041
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Conclusion
• Flow meters were designed fabricated and installed at the bulk solids lab for
measurement of air flow at various positions in the pneumatic conveying system
• Fluidization air was measured at NTPC power plant Mauda, Maharashtra. It was
found that the fluidization air was about 6% of the total air
• A case study was carried out to find out the cause of dew formation in the
pneumatic conveying pipeline at NTPC thermal power plants. It was found out that
air drying plant was required to avoid dew formation in the pipelines.
• An attempt was made to calibrate DEM parameters for APH flyash.
• The effect of changing various particle properties was studied on the bulk density
test.
• The spherical particles could not replicate the compressible nature of the fine
powder.
• The tetrahedral particle was able to replicate the compressible nature of the fine
powder, but was not able to replicate the powder exactly.
25. Copyright2013-2014
Communication
Kamaluddin, K., Mallick, S.S., Mittal, A. (2019), An Investigation into the requirement
of air drying plant in transport air system for pneumatic conveying of fly ash – A case
Study, International O&M Conference – Indian Power Stations – 2019, 13-14 Feb 2019,
Raipur, p.53