This document summarizes an empirical study on the content characteristics of social projects in Russia based on in-depth interviews. The study identified key descriptive and normative features of social projects based on interviews with 25 representatives from business, government, and civil society in Voronezh region. Descriptive features included overcoming specific problems, implementing social policy, creating labor markets, and implementing social innovations. Normative features included encouraging institutional development, environmental stability, balanced socio-economic development, and developing human potential. The study aimed to understand the nature, goals, and role of social projects in regional socio-economic development in Russia.
University – Society Link: Civil Engineering Career of the Catholic Universit...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the importance of the link between universities and society. It proposes a model to guide how the Civil Engineering career at the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil incorporates real societal problems into its educational processes. A diagnosis found deficiencies in how the career links with the community to address real problems. The model aims to improve knowledge generation and application to solve societal issues through defining legal frameworks, identifying new needs, and adjusting university knowledge production accordingly. The model may lead to improved activities and processes for generating and applying knowledge to societal problems.
Assessing Consultative Management in the Formation of Sustainable Urban Neigh...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Providing Trade Services to the Population of the RegionYogeshIJTSRD
Analyzing the details of providing trade services to the population of the region of the service sector, the sequence of choosing and modeling the main factors which influence their development are represented through simulation schemes in this article. Mukhitdinov Khudoyar Suyunovich | Makhmatkulov Golibjon Kholmuminovich "Providing Trade Services to the Population of the Region" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life , March 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38499.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/38499/providing-trade-services-to-the-population-of-the-region/mukhitdinov-khudoyar-suyunovich
Hypothesis of research for the development of milanmario d'andreta
The document outlines a research project that aims to analyze the role of the local power elite in governing Milan and the cultural models that guide Milan's development. The researcher plans to identify the power structures and shared visions of the elite through network, discourse and decision analyses. This will provide an interpretive model of Milan's governance and identify strategies for improvement. The study integrates theories on power dynamics, policy analysis and symbolic processes to understand how elite networks and meanings shape local decision-making. The results could inform urban governance practices and account for the social and political contexts that embed them.
Political (In)Stability and Public Policy Transplantation: a Macedonian Casejpsjournal1
In recent years, a set of new post-empiricist advances to public policy, drawing on discursive analyses and
participatory, deliberative practices, have come to challenge the leading technocratic, empiricist models in
policy analyses. According to Pessali, the transplantation of public policies is an influential instrument in
the hands of economic development – important as it may be, transplantation may not be inevitably
successful, therefore not always looked for. There are good economic reasons to consider the practice of
grafting in public policy transplants, i.e., consideration for the specific cities of existing local institutions
and how they may interact with a set of predominant policy requirements and guidelines. By taking into
account Pessali's alternative method that institutionalizes some sort of cooperation between policy makers
and stakeholders, in contrast with some other common variants of the policy transplantation method, we
discuss an architecture for public policy inputs in a country context, which may help to avoid some of the
underlying risks of standard transplantation architectures. The article concludes that the “transplantation
metaphor” can be a powerful tool in organizing our thoughts and framing our decisions, which can lead to
better use of it for the purposes of public policy design in societies only in cases of political stability.
Governance, Citizenship and Social Cohesion in CitiesSurtFoundation
The document discusses research on governance, citizenship, and social cohesion in cities. It notes that cities have taken on more responsibilities and face new social challenges. It examines debates around how governance relates to statehood, social cohesion, and citizenship practices. It recommends further research on the impact of diversity on governance; the role of neighborhoods in creating just cities; and evaluating participatory versus representative democracy at the local level.
The Role of “Scale” on the Acceleration of Social Interaction in Urban Spaces
1 * Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari Image result for research orcid , 2 Dr. Mohammad Zare Image result for research orcid ,
3 Mitra Karimi Image result for research orcid
1 Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Architecture and urbanism, Tehran, Iran
2 & 3 University of Tehran, Faculty of Fine Arts, Tehran, Iran
1 E-mail: Kaveh.haa@gmail.com , 2 E-mail: zare.md@ut.ac.ir ,
3 E-mail: mitrakarimi@modares.ac.ir
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 8 March 2021
Revised: 25 July 2021
Accepted: 8 August 2021
Available online: 18 August 2021
Keywords:
Urban Space;
Obsolescent Neighborhoods,
Social Interaction,
Evaluation Indicators,
Functional Scale.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Rehabilitation projects are interventions that can lead to the transformation of the socio-spatial structure of obsolescent neighborhoods. The main intention of such projects is the creation and/or improvement of social interactions after physical and functional interventions. Urban Renewal Organization of Tehran (UROT) is tasked with identification of target obsolescent neighborhoods, preparation of neighborhood development plans and implementation of rehabilitation projects to improve the quality of space and stimulate social interactions. In this paper, three urban spaces in different scales (“micro” for neighborhoods, “meso” for local and “macro” for trans-local scales), designed and implemented by UROT, were selected as a case study. By designing and filling a questionnaire and after analyzing research findings, the effect of the scale of the urban project on different activities was evaluated based on the Gehl model. Overall, in the expanded model based on the scale of space, an inverse ratio between the scale of space and both optional selective and social activities has been revealed.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 59-68.
“Public Policy Analysis” involves in the evaluation of issues of public importance with objective of providing facts and statistics about extent and impact of different policies of Government. Nowadays, public policy analysis is undertaken by scholars from different applied physical and biological sciences (e.g. technology assessments, environmental impact studies, seismic risk analyses, etc.). Presently, the focus is on public policy analysis as it is conducted within the social and behavioural sciences, mainly Political Science, Sociology and Economics. Generally, the public policy addresses real or sensed problems, so the public policy analysis is mostly devoted to defining or clarifying the problems and assessing the needs. Main objective of public policy analysis is to assess the degree to which policies are meeting their aims. Policy analysis plays an important role to define and outline the aims of a proposed policy, and also has role to identify the similarities and differences in expected outcomes and estimated costs with competing the alternative policies. Several public policies are formulated to solve both the current and future problems, and so the policy analysis attempts to forecast future requirements based on present concomitant with the past conditions. A large number of works in the field of public policy analysis involves for the development of the conceptual schemes or typologies which help to sort out different types of policies, or analyses of policies. Many literatures on public policy analysis, and especially on impact evaluation are chiefly methodological in character; indeed, many recent innovations in research procedure have been developed by research scholars working on applied problems. Many texts in ‘evaluation research’ recommend an assessment of the ‘evaluability’ of the programme prior to initiate the evaluation itself. ‘Implementation analysis’ is an essential component of all capable policy evaluations. ‘Utilisation’ is an ongoing problem in the field of evaluation research. Evaluation results affect the public policy by serving as the impetus for public discourse and debate which form social policy, rather than through extensive programme termination or reform.
University – Society Link: Civil Engineering Career of the Catholic Universit...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the importance of the link between universities and society. It proposes a model to guide how the Civil Engineering career at the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil incorporates real societal problems into its educational processes. A diagnosis found deficiencies in how the career links with the community to address real problems. The model aims to improve knowledge generation and application to solve societal issues through defining legal frameworks, identifying new needs, and adjusting university knowledge production accordingly. The model may lead to improved activities and processes for generating and applying knowledge to societal problems.
Assessing Consultative Management in the Formation of Sustainable Urban Neigh...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Providing Trade Services to the Population of the RegionYogeshIJTSRD
Analyzing the details of providing trade services to the population of the region of the service sector, the sequence of choosing and modeling the main factors which influence their development are represented through simulation schemes in this article. Mukhitdinov Khudoyar Suyunovich | Makhmatkulov Golibjon Kholmuminovich "Providing Trade Services to the Population of the Region" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life , March 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38499.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/38499/providing-trade-services-to-the-population-of-the-region/mukhitdinov-khudoyar-suyunovich
Hypothesis of research for the development of milanmario d'andreta
The document outlines a research project that aims to analyze the role of the local power elite in governing Milan and the cultural models that guide Milan's development. The researcher plans to identify the power structures and shared visions of the elite through network, discourse and decision analyses. This will provide an interpretive model of Milan's governance and identify strategies for improvement. The study integrates theories on power dynamics, policy analysis and symbolic processes to understand how elite networks and meanings shape local decision-making. The results could inform urban governance practices and account for the social and political contexts that embed them.
Political (In)Stability and Public Policy Transplantation: a Macedonian Casejpsjournal1
In recent years, a set of new post-empiricist advances to public policy, drawing on discursive analyses and
participatory, deliberative practices, have come to challenge the leading technocratic, empiricist models in
policy analyses. According to Pessali, the transplantation of public policies is an influential instrument in
the hands of economic development – important as it may be, transplantation may not be inevitably
successful, therefore not always looked for. There are good economic reasons to consider the practice of
grafting in public policy transplants, i.e., consideration for the specific cities of existing local institutions
and how they may interact with a set of predominant policy requirements and guidelines. By taking into
account Pessali's alternative method that institutionalizes some sort of cooperation between policy makers
and stakeholders, in contrast with some other common variants of the policy transplantation method, we
discuss an architecture for public policy inputs in a country context, which may help to avoid some of the
underlying risks of standard transplantation architectures. The article concludes that the “transplantation
metaphor” can be a powerful tool in organizing our thoughts and framing our decisions, which can lead to
better use of it for the purposes of public policy design in societies only in cases of political stability.
Governance, Citizenship and Social Cohesion in CitiesSurtFoundation
The document discusses research on governance, citizenship, and social cohesion in cities. It notes that cities have taken on more responsibilities and face new social challenges. It examines debates around how governance relates to statehood, social cohesion, and citizenship practices. It recommends further research on the impact of diversity on governance; the role of neighborhoods in creating just cities; and evaluating participatory versus representative democracy at the local level.
The Role of “Scale” on the Acceleration of Social Interaction in Urban Spaces
1 * Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari Image result for research orcid , 2 Dr. Mohammad Zare Image result for research orcid ,
3 Mitra Karimi Image result for research orcid
1 Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Architecture and urbanism, Tehran, Iran
2 & 3 University of Tehran, Faculty of Fine Arts, Tehran, Iran
1 E-mail: Kaveh.haa@gmail.com , 2 E-mail: zare.md@ut.ac.ir ,
3 E-mail: mitrakarimi@modares.ac.ir
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 8 March 2021
Revised: 25 July 2021
Accepted: 8 August 2021
Available online: 18 August 2021
Keywords:
Urban Space;
Obsolescent Neighborhoods,
Social Interaction,
Evaluation Indicators,
Functional Scale.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Rehabilitation projects are interventions that can lead to the transformation of the socio-spatial structure of obsolescent neighborhoods. The main intention of such projects is the creation and/or improvement of social interactions after physical and functional interventions. Urban Renewal Organization of Tehran (UROT) is tasked with identification of target obsolescent neighborhoods, preparation of neighborhood development plans and implementation of rehabilitation projects to improve the quality of space and stimulate social interactions. In this paper, three urban spaces in different scales (“micro” for neighborhoods, “meso” for local and “macro” for trans-local scales), designed and implemented by UROT, were selected as a case study. By designing and filling a questionnaire and after analyzing research findings, the effect of the scale of the urban project on different activities was evaluated based on the Gehl model. Overall, in the expanded model based on the scale of space, an inverse ratio between the scale of space and both optional selective and social activities has been revealed.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 59-68.
“Public Policy Analysis” involves in the evaluation of issues of public importance with objective of providing facts and statistics about extent and impact of different policies of Government. Nowadays, public policy analysis is undertaken by scholars from different applied physical and biological sciences (e.g. technology assessments, environmental impact studies, seismic risk analyses, etc.). Presently, the focus is on public policy analysis as it is conducted within the social and behavioural sciences, mainly Political Science, Sociology and Economics. Generally, the public policy addresses real or sensed problems, so the public policy analysis is mostly devoted to defining or clarifying the problems and assessing the needs. Main objective of public policy analysis is to assess the degree to which policies are meeting their aims. Policy analysis plays an important role to define and outline the aims of a proposed policy, and also has role to identify the similarities and differences in expected outcomes and estimated costs with competing the alternative policies. Several public policies are formulated to solve both the current and future problems, and so the policy analysis attempts to forecast future requirements based on present concomitant with the past conditions. A large number of works in the field of public policy analysis involves for the development of the conceptual schemes or typologies which help to sort out different types of policies, or analyses of policies. Many literatures on public policy analysis, and especially on impact evaluation are chiefly methodological in character; indeed, many recent innovations in research procedure have been developed by research scholars working on applied problems. Many texts in ‘evaluation research’ recommend an assessment of the ‘evaluability’ of the programme prior to initiate the evaluation itself. ‘Implementation analysis’ is an essential component of all capable policy evaluations. ‘Utilisation’ is an ongoing problem in the field of evaluation research. Evaluation results affect the public policy by serving as the impetus for public discourse and debate which form social policy, rather than through extensive programme termination or reform.
This document provides an overview of different theoretical frameworks for analyzing social problems. It discusses sociological paradigms like structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. It also covers feminist theory, queer theory, social constructionism, and critical constructionism. Additionally, it outlines normative approaches like human rights frameworks, basic needs approaches, and the human development and capability approach. The document discusses analyzing social problems at different levels from the individual to global scale. It also contrasts micro and macro perspectives. Overall, the document introduces a variety of lenses for examining social problems from a sociological and normative standpoint.
Writing Sample 2 -Bridging the Divide: Enhancing Public Engagement in Urban D...Rahsaan L. Browne
Bridging the Divide: Enhancing Public Engagement in Urban Development
This paper delves into the critical role of public engagement in urban development, emphasizing the need for community involvement to create sustainable and inclusive urban spaces. It discusses the motivations behind public participation, the challenges faced in engaging diverse communities, and the strategies for overcoming these barriers. The paper also highlights successful case studies and explores the use of technology and effective communication to facilitate broader and more meaningful engagement. By examining these elements, the paper underscores the importance of bridging the gap between planners and residents to ensure urban development reflects the collective vision and needs of the community.
Streams of Social Impact Work: Building Bridges in a New Evaluation Era with ...The Rockefeller Foundation
This working paper addresses the gaps and opportunities between the approaches of traditional public sector and NGO program evaluation and the social impact measurement approaches of new market-oriented players.
The authors posit that a convergence of these cultures would generate enormous rewards for both constituencies. New methodologies, evaluative tools and strategic learning processes would enrich social impact work, private giving and public-private partnerships. More nimble and business-like evaluation approaches would benefit traditional evaluation players and civil society. Thus bridging the divide would contribute to the rigor and utility of methods and practices and advance the effectiveness of evaluation everywhere.
Active Social Programs Development in Bulgaria: Contemporary Challenges and S...inventionjournals
This document discusses the development of active social programs in Bulgaria and the contemporary challenges involved. It makes three key points:
1. Bulgaria faces challenges in improving its social model to bring it into line with EU legislation and priorities like increasing incomes, continuing pension reforms, and conducting active social and employment policies.
2. Effective social programming and management requires setting objectives, assessing results, and ensuring programs can adapt to changing social needs through tools like feedback.
3. The methodology for developing active social programs in Bulgaria involves ascertaining social problems, determining social objectives, and projecting trajectories for human resource development within the framework of national programs.
The document summarizes a strategy for managing socio-economic development in the municipality of Kazan, Russia until 2030. It analyzes the stages of developing a municipal strategy and requirements. The author assesses Kazan's strategy using their methodology, which examines the strategy's mission, tools for goals, goal achievement, monitoring, and public participation. Based on this analysis, the strategy receives a positive assessment according to all criteria - it has a clear mission, effective implementation tools, most goals were achieved or exceeded, regular monitoring occurs, and the public is involved in discussions.
A socio-economic impact assessment examines how a proposed developme.docxkeiran409es
A socio-economic impact assessment examines how a proposed development will change the lives of current and future residents of a community. The indicators used to measure the potential socio-economic impacts of a development include the following:
Changes in community demographics
Results of retail/service and housing market analyses
Demand for public services
Changes in employment and income levels
Changes in the aesthetic quality of the community
Quantitative measurement of such factors is an important component of the socio-economic impact assessment. At the same time, the perceptions of community members about how a proposed development will affect their lives are a critical part of the assessment and should contribute to any decision to move ahead with a project. In fact, gaining an understanding of community values and concerns is an important first step in conducting a socio-economic impact assessment.
The socio-economic impacts of a proposed development on a community may actually begin the day the project is proposed. Changes in social structure and inter-actions among community members may occur once the new development is proposed to the community. In addition, real, measurable and often significant effects on the human environment can begin to take place as soon as there are changes in social or economic conditions. From the time of the earliest announcement of a pending policy change or development project, attitudes toward the project are formed, interest groups and other coalitions prepare strategies, speculators may lock up potentially important properties, and politicians can maneuver for position.
For this Discussion, review the media, “Multi-Media PowerPoint Financing Public Health,”and the Learning Resources. Then, consider the socioeconomic status of communities. Explain how this status may drive financing need for public health initiatives for the underserved populations in these communities.
With these thoughts in mind:
Post 3-4pages
an explanation for whether or not socioeconomic status should be used to allocate resources for public health financing. Explain how the socioeconomic status of communities drives the financing need for public health initiatives to provide for underserved populations.
.
Building Bridges: Social inclusion problems as research and innovation issuesiBoP Asia
This document discusses linking social inclusion problems to research and innovation projects. It presents the experience of a program in Uruguay called "Research and Innovation Oriented to Social Inclusion". The program aims to establish relationships between social inclusion problems and research/innovation projects to address these problems. However, there are difficulties in achieving this, including properly defining social inclusion problems that are relevant to research. The document uses a "circuit" framework to analyze the process of moving from recognizing a social inclusion problem to developing an effective solution. It discusses the actors involved and potential "short-circuits" that can truncate the problem-solving process. The program has evolved over time based on lessons learned in order to better connect research to societal needs.
Strategy for the development of social interaction between architecture and s...Irina Topchiy
In modern theoretical and practical urban planning, the idea that the creation of conditions for the sustainable development of the human-made environment is solved by combining efforts of various social groups has taken root. The groups include city development planners, professional architects, urban planners and members of administrations and city residents. Architects believe that creation of public programs of additional architectural education devoted to sustainable development (energy conservation, landscaping, separate waste collection, etc.) is an effective way to popularize environmental initiatives. But do these subjects generate interest among members of the public of such a multinational megalopolis as Moscow? To answer this question, we carried out a sociological survey with participation of schoolchildren, students of the Moscow Institute of Architecture and the Moscow Civil Engineering Institute, teachers of the Moscow Architectural Institute and older residents of Moscow - participants of the Moscow Longevity Project. The survey results showed that the population of Moscow is nearly unaware of large-scale international and national environmental projects - the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Environmental Doctrine of the Russian Federation. At the same time, respondents are well informed about the existing environmental problems; they believe that it is the city administration that is responsible for them and are taking part in resolving the challenge. The main conclusion: when developing a strategy for public architectural education, one should use pedagogical methods and techniques that increase the degree of community commitment of participants, allowing for their age-related interests and financial incentives.
Keywords: additional architectural education, continuing education, sustainable development, sustainable development goals, environmental doctrine.
Evaluation of the relationship between social capital and quality of life of ...inventionjournals
According to studies conducted on female-headed households, women living in such households are very vulnerable and may face a lot of difficulties and obstacles both at the individual and macro level. As female heads of households do not have social capital, they are faced with many challenges and barriers; for instance, they commit crimes, make diversion and disruption in parenting responsibilities, face material and cultural poverty in the community, and ultimately encounter a reduction in their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between social capital and quality of life of female heads of households in Yasouj. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 female heads of households in Yasouj and it lasted for six months. Data collection tools included the followings: a demographic questionnaire, the Persian version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire, and the World Bank questionnaire of social capital (SC-IQ). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software and descriptive analytical statistics. The findings of this study showed that quality of life and social capital of female heads of households were completely interdependent and had a positive impact on each other. Based on the results, the quality of life of female heads of households in Yasouj was lower than the quality of life of general population in Yasouj. On the other hand, this group of women had a relatively low level of social capital. As a result, authorities must pay special attention to the problems of this group and design long-term plans and perform community-based researches in order to improve their quality of life and make fundamental changes to increase the social capital of this vulnerable group of women.
ORIGINAL PAPERFrom Advocacy to Social Innovation A Typolo.docxgerardkortney
ORIGINAL PAPER
From Advocacy to Social Innovation: A Typology
of Social Change Efforts by Nonprofits
Micheal L. Shier • Femida Handy
Published online: 18 November 2014
� International Society for Third-Sector Research and The Johns Hopkins University 2014
Abstract Literature describing the social change efforts of direct social service
nonprofits focuses primarily on their political advocacy role or the ways in which
practitioners in organizations address individual service user needs. To elicit a more
in-depth understanding of the varying ways that these nonprofits promote social
change, this research builds off of the innovation literature in nonprofits. It presents
a model of the typology of social innovations based on the empirical findings from
survey data from a random sample (n = 241) and interview data (n = 31) of direct
social service nonprofits in Alberta, Canada. Exploratory principal factor analysis
was used to uncover the underlying structure of the varying types of social inno-
vations undertaken by direct service nonprofits. Results support a three-factor model
including socially transformative, product, and process-related social innovations.
The qualitative findings provide a conceptual map of the varied foci of social
change efforts.
Résumé Les publications décrivant les efforts de changement social des organi-
sations à but non lucratif de services sociaux directs portent principalement sur leur
rôle de sensibilisation politique ou la façon dont les intervenants de ces organisa-
tions répondent aux besoins des utilisateurs en termes de services individuels. Pour
obtenir une compréhension plus approfondie des différentes façons dont ces or-
ganisations à but non lucratif promeuvent le changement social, ces recherches
s’appuient sur des publications innovantes concernant ces organisations. Elles
présentent un modèle de la typologie des innovations sociales basées sur des
résultats empiriques issus de données de l’enquête auprès d’un échantillon aléatoire
M. L. Shier (&)
Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
e-mail: [email protected]
F. Handy
School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
e-mail: [email protected]
123
Voluntas (2015) 26:2581–2603
DOI 10.1007/s11266-014-9535-1
http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s11266-014-9535-1&domain=pdf
http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s11266-014-9535-1&domain=pdf
(n = 241) et des données d’entretiens (n = 31) d’organisations à but non lucratif de
services sociaux directs en Alberta, au Canada. Une analyse factorielle exploratoire
principale a été utilisée afin de découvrir la structure sous-jacente des différents
types d’innovations sociales menées par les organisations à but non lucratif de
services directs. Les résultats confirment un modèle à trois facteurs, notamment des
innovations sociales visant a.
The effects of Facebook use on civic participation attitudes and behaviour: A...Mark Dix
A paper written in 2011.
The following proposal suggests a network analysis approach to study the effects of web communication on civic participation. A three-phase mixed methods research design is proposed to examine firstly, the effect of supplementary communication via the social networking site Facebook, on the structure (quantity) and content (quality) of social ties within a network of citizens engaged in health and social care policymaking. It is proposed that the network variables of tie structure and content are then tested in an affective capacity against the participatory attitudes and behaviour of networked individuals. By reframing the study of web use and civic participation under a network theoretical framework, the proposed study will add to the existing literature in the field through recognition of the mediative capacity of relational ties in the formation of participatory capital. It is suggested that it is through their effect on relational tie structure and content within citizen participation networks, that social networking sites such as Facebook affect participatory attitudes and behaviour. To set a critical context for the proposed study, a final qualitative phase of research is suggested to examine the professional power structures impacting upon participant expressions of agency.
This document provides an overview of systems approaches to addressing complex public sector challenges. It discusses the need for systems thinking given increasing complexity in policy issues. Traditional linear and sectoral approaches are often inadequate for "wicked problems" that have many interconnected elements. The document then outlines some of the challenges of using systems approaches in the public sector, such as the difficulty of changing systems that must continue operating. It provides examples of systems approaches being used for issues like child protection, domestic violence, and transportation. The key is focusing on outcomes, bringing together multiple actors, and implementing interventions to transform existing systems into desired future systems. Case studies and emerging evidence suggest systems approaches have potential but also face challenges in public sector contexts.
This document summarizes the key topics discussed at a 2014 seminar on leadership and cultural change hosted by the Association for Behavior Analysis International. The seminar focused on how behavior analysis can enhance safety, ethics and effectiveness of organizations and institutions, and challenge behavior analysts to influence social institutions. Several of the seminar presentations were published in special issues of the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management and The Behavior Analyst. The document discusses the role of leadership in initiating and sustaining cultural change to address social problems, and how behavior analysis can contribute to understanding and shaping cultural change in socially responsible ways.
The Impacts of Social Interaction on the Stock Market - An.docxarnoldmeredith47041
The Impacts of Social Interaction on the Stock Market - An Empirical Analysis Based on Sina Finance Blog
Student ID:
Coventry University
MSc Accounting and Financial Management
Course: Proposal
Tutor:
Submitted:
Total word count: 2972
1. Introduction……………………………………………………………….….1
1.1. Background of the study……………………………………………….…1
1.2. Research aim and objectives………………………………………….…2
1.3. Scope and limitations………………………………………………….….2
2. Literature review…………………………………………………………….3
2.1. The meaning of social interaction and its measurement methods…..3
2.2. The impact of Weibo and blog on the stock market ..…………………4
2.3. Gap………………………………………………………………………….6
3. Research methodology and design……………………………………….6
3.1. Sample selection and data source………………………………………6
3.2. The variable construction description……………………………………7
3.3. Analysis and model …………………………………………………….…9
3.4. Robustness tests………………………………………………………….10
4. Expected results…………………………………………………………….11
5. Conclusion………………………………………………………………..….11
References ......................................................................................................12
1. Introduction
1.1. Background of the study
For individual investors, stock investment is a complex decision, and individuals often face limitations of lack of knowledge and incomplete information. In this case, social interaction becomes an important way for investors to exchange information and express opinions. In recent years, there has been considerable literature discussing the impact of social interaction on financial decision-making behavior. Duflo and Saez (2003) confirmed that social interaction has an impact on the decision-making behavior of individuals purchasing pension products; studies by Hong et al. (2004) and Li Tao (2006) showed that social interaction can significantly promote residents' participation in stock market investment; Karlan (2005) provided evidence of individual credit decisions that influence social interaction through social interaction.
With the rapid development of the Internet, investors can not only obtain information on the Internet, but also actively publish information and communicate with other investors. Online communities such as blogs, Weibo, and forums have become an important platform for interaction between investors. In the Internet age, the scale, frequency, and speed of investor social interaction have all undergone revolutionary improvements. Internet-based social interaction is a double-edged sword for the development of the securities market. On the one hand, the Internet platform has the characteristics of timely and wide coverage. The social interaction between investors helps to improve the transparency of market information, thereby improving the information validity of the securities market; on the other hand, it is contrary to the authority of traditional media. In comparison, the Internet platform has the characteristics of anonymity and grassroots, which ca.
Research Evaluation, september 2011, Introducing 'productive interactions' in...Jack Spaapen
This document discusses introducing "productive interactions" as a new approach to assessing the social impact of research. It defines productive interactions as exchanges between researchers and stakeholders that produce knowledge that is scientifically robust and socially relevant.
It proposes assessing three types of productive interactions: 1) direct or personal interactions, 2) indirect interactions through texts or artifacts, and 3) financial interactions through money or contributions. This focuses evaluation on the interaction process between researchers and stakeholders rather than just outcomes. It also aims to overcome issues with traditional social impact assessment like attribution problems and lack of indicators.
The document analyzes examples of productive interactions in case studies of four different research fields to illustrate how the approach could provide more robust social impact assessment than current linear
This document discusses local governance and the role of associations in collective management in the city of Agadir, Morocco. It examines how local governance that promotes participation of associations can improve management of public affairs. The study hypothesizes that effective collective management requires involvement of local people through associations. It analyzes definitions of participation and levels of citizen involvement. Associations in Agadir contribute to management by supporting initiatives for human development, strengthening social ties, and inventorying their roles. While associations play a strategic role, their participation in management remains limited due to lack of resources and support from local authorities.
Role of hotels in the social development of a countryRahim Somani
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to social development including sociology, social structure, development, community development, asset-based community development, and sociocultural evolution. It discusses how social development leads to the transformation of social structures in a way that improves society's capacity to fulfill its aspirations. The document also reviews the history of theories of social and cultural evolution from early thinkers to modern approaches.
Development theories and levels of analysis (1)Merlyn Denesia
This document defines development and discusses different levels of analysis in development theories. It provides definitions of development from various sources that emphasize factors like increasing incomes, modern production methods, and sustainable human development. The document also outlines different dimensions of development like empowerment, cooperation, equity and sustainability. It then discusses how development theories can be analyzed at the individual, organizational, societal and international levels based on their units of analysis and causal factors. Theories taking structural and holistic approaches view human behavior as influenced more by social forces and institutions, while individualistic theories emphasize individual attributes. The implications of different theoretical approaches for policy are also briefly outlined.
Entering College Essay. Top 10 Tips For College AdmissNat Rice
The document summarizes the discovery of a new species, Alborum Plumae, found in Mount Kosciuszko National Park in Australia. Dr. Ella Beard discovered small feathered creatures perfectly camouflaged as snow lumps on tree branches. Early analysis finds they spend most of their time stationary to avoid detection, using their wings only for escaping predators. While sharing traits with birds like down insulation and wing-aided flight, further research is needed to determine their exact taxonomic classification.
006 Essay Example First Paragraph In An ThatsnoNat Rice
The document summarizes racism depicted in two novels by John Updike: Rabbit Run and Rabbit Redux. It notes that both books show racism as an issue, with characters making racist comments about black people. Specific quotes are presented that demonstrate racist language used by characters towards black individuals. The racism portrayed is less extreme in Rabbit Redux compared to Rabbit Run. Overall, the document analyzes how Updike explores themes of racism through his famous character Harry Rabbit and the other characters in these two novels from his Rabbit series.
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Similar to An Empirical Study Of The Content Characteristics Of Social Projects (According To In-Depth Interviews)
This document provides an overview of different theoretical frameworks for analyzing social problems. It discusses sociological paradigms like structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. It also covers feminist theory, queer theory, social constructionism, and critical constructionism. Additionally, it outlines normative approaches like human rights frameworks, basic needs approaches, and the human development and capability approach. The document discusses analyzing social problems at different levels from the individual to global scale. It also contrasts micro and macro perspectives. Overall, the document introduces a variety of lenses for examining social problems from a sociological and normative standpoint.
Writing Sample 2 -Bridging the Divide: Enhancing Public Engagement in Urban D...Rahsaan L. Browne
Bridging the Divide: Enhancing Public Engagement in Urban Development
This paper delves into the critical role of public engagement in urban development, emphasizing the need for community involvement to create sustainable and inclusive urban spaces. It discusses the motivations behind public participation, the challenges faced in engaging diverse communities, and the strategies for overcoming these barriers. The paper also highlights successful case studies and explores the use of technology and effective communication to facilitate broader and more meaningful engagement. By examining these elements, the paper underscores the importance of bridging the gap between planners and residents to ensure urban development reflects the collective vision and needs of the community.
Streams of Social Impact Work: Building Bridges in a New Evaluation Era with ...The Rockefeller Foundation
This working paper addresses the gaps and opportunities between the approaches of traditional public sector and NGO program evaluation and the social impact measurement approaches of new market-oriented players.
The authors posit that a convergence of these cultures would generate enormous rewards for both constituencies. New methodologies, evaluative tools and strategic learning processes would enrich social impact work, private giving and public-private partnerships. More nimble and business-like evaluation approaches would benefit traditional evaluation players and civil society. Thus bridging the divide would contribute to the rigor and utility of methods and practices and advance the effectiveness of evaluation everywhere.
Active Social Programs Development in Bulgaria: Contemporary Challenges and S...inventionjournals
This document discusses the development of active social programs in Bulgaria and the contemporary challenges involved. It makes three key points:
1. Bulgaria faces challenges in improving its social model to bring it into line with EU legislation and priorities like increasing incomes, continuing pension reforms, and conducting active social and employment policies.
2. Effective social programming and management requires setting objectives, assessing results, and ensuring programs can adapt to changing social needs through tools like feedback.
3. The methodology for developing active social programs in Bulgaria involves ascertaining social problems, determining social objectives, and projecting trajectories for human resource development within the framework of national programs.
The document summarizes a strategy for managing socio-economic development in the municipality of Kazan, Russia until 2030. It analyzes the stages of developing a municipal strategy and requirements. The author assesses Kazan's strategy using their methodology, which examines the strategy's mission, tools for goals, goal achievement, monitoring, and public participation. Based on this analysis, the strategy receives a positive assessment according to all criteria - it has a clear mission, effective implementation tools, most goals were achieved or exceeded, regular monitoring occurs, and the public is involved in discussions.
A socio-economic impact assessment examines how a proposed developme.docxkeiran409es
A socio-economic impact assessment examines how a proposed development will change the lives of current and future residents of a community. The indicators used to measure the potential socio-economic impacts of a development include the following:
Changes in community demographics
Results of retail/service and housing market analyses
Demand for public services
Changes in employment and income levels
Changes in the aesthetic quality of the community
Quantitative measurement of such factors is an important component of the socio-economic impact assessment. At the same time, the perceptions of community members about how a proposed development will affect their lives are a critical part of the assessment and should contribute to any decision to move ahead with a project. In fact, gaining an understanding of community values and concerns is an important first step in conducting a socio-economic impact assessment.
The socio-economic impacts of a proposed development on a community may actually begin the day the project is proposed. Changes in social structure and inter-actions among community members may occur once the new development is proposed to the community. In addition, real, measurable and often significant effects on the human environment can begin to take place as soon as there are changes in social or economic conditions. From the time of the earliest announcement of a pending policy change or development project, attitudes toward the project are formed, interest groups and other coalitions prepare strategies, speculators may lock up potentially important properties, and politicians can maneuver for position.
For this Discussion, review the media, “Multi-Media PowerPoint Financing Public Health,”and the Learning Resources. Then, consider the socioeconomic status of communities. Explain how this status may drive financing need for public health initiatives for the underserved populations in these communities.
With these thoughts in mind:
Post 3-4pages
an explanation for whether or not socioeconomic status should be used to allocate resources for public health financing. Explain how the socioeconomic status of communities drives the financing need for public health initiatives to provide for underserved populations.
.
Building Bridges: Social inclusion problems as research and innovation issuesiBoP Asia
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Strategy for the development of social interaction between architecture and s...Irina Topchiy
In modern theoretical and practical urban planning, the idea that the creation of conditions for the sustainable development of the human-made environment is solved by combining efforts of various social groups has taken root. The groups include city development planners, professional architects, urban planners and members of administrations and city residents. Architects believe that creation of public programs of additional architectural education devoted to sustainable development (energy conservation, landscaping, separate waste collection, etc.) is an effective way to popularize environmental initiatives. But do these subjects generate interest among members of the public of such a multinational megalopolis as Moscow? To answer this question, we carried out a sociological survey with participation of schoolchildren, students of the Moscow Institute of Architecture and the Moscow Civil Engineering Institute, teachers of the Moscow Architectural Institute and older residents of Moscow - participants of the Moscow Longevity Project. The survey results showed that the population of Moscow is nearly unaware of large-scale international and national environmental projects - the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Environmental Doctrine of the Russian Federation. At the same time, respondents are well informed about the existing environmental problems; they believe that it is the city administration that is responsible for them and are taking part in resolving the challenge. The main conclusion: when developing a strategy for public architectural education, one should use pedagogical methods and techniques that increase the degree of community commitment of participants, allowing for their age-related interests and financial incentives.
Keywords: additional architectural education, continuing education, sustainable development, sustainable development goals, environmental doctrine.
Evaluation of the relationship between social capital and quality of life of ...inventionjournals
According to studies conducted on female-headed households, women living in such households are very vulnerable and may face a lot of difficulties and obstacles both at the individual and macro level. As female heads of households do not have social capital, they are faced with many challenges and barriers; for instance, they commit crimes, make diversion and disruption in parenting responsibilities, face material and cultural poverty in the community, and ultimately encounter a reduction in their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between social capital and quality of life of female heads of households in Yasouj. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 female heads of households in Yasouj and it lasted for six months. Data collection tools included the followings: a demographic questionnaire, the Persian version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire, and the World Bank questionnaire of social capital (SC-IQ). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software and descriptive analytical statistics. The findings of this study showed that quality of life and social capital of female heads of households were completely interdependent and had a positive impact on each other. Based on the results, the quality of life of female heads of households in Yasouj was lower than the quality of life of general population in Yasouj. On the other hand, this group of women had a relatively low level of social capital. As a result, authorities must pay special attention to the problems of this group and design long-term plans and perform community-based researches in order to improve their quality of life and make fundamental changes to increase the social capital of this vulnerable group of women.
ORIGINAL PAPERFrom Advocacy to Social Innovation A Typolo.docxgerardkortney
ORIGINAL PAPER
From Advocacy to Social Innovation: A Typology
of Social Change Efforts by Nonprofits
Micheal L. Shier • Femida Handy
Published online: 18 November 2014
� International Society for Third-Sector Research and The Johns Hopkins University 2014
Abstract Literature describing the social change efforts of direct social service
nonprofits focuses primarily on their political advocacy role or the ways in which
practitioners in organizations address individual service user needs. To elicit a more
in-depth understanding of the varying ways that these nonprofits promote social
change, this research builds off of the innovation literature in nonprofits. It presents
a model of the typology of social innovations based on the empirical findings from
survey data from a random sample (n = 241) and interview data (n = 31) of direct
social service nonprofits in Alberta, Canada. Exploratory principal factor analysis
was used to uncover the underlying structure of the varying types of social inno-
vations undertaken by direct service nonprofits. Results support a three-factor model
including socially transformative, product, and process-related social innovations.
The qualitative findings provide a conceptual map of the varied foci of social
change efforts.
Résumé Les publications décrivant les efforts de changement social des organi-
sations à but non lucratif de services sociaux directs portent principalement sur leur
rôle de sensibilisation politique ou la façon dont les intervenants de ces organisa-
tions répondent aux besoins des utilisateurs en termes de services individuels. Pour
obtenir une compréhension plus approfondie des différentes façons dont ces or-
ganisations à but non lucratif promeuvent le changement social, ces recherches
s’appuient sur des publications innovantes concernant ces organisations. Elles
présentent un modèle de la typologie des innovations sociales basées sur des
résultats empiriques issus de données de l’enquête auprès d’un échantillon aléatoire
M. L. Shier (&)
Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
e-mail: [email protected]
F. Handy
School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
e-mail: [email protected]
123
Voluntas (2015) 26:2581–2603
DOI 10.1007/s11266-014-9535-1
http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s11266-014-9535-1&domain=pdf
http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s11266-014-9535-1&domain=pdf
(n = 241) et des données d’entretiens (n = 31) d’organisations à but non lucratif de
services sociaux directs en Alberta, au Canada. Une analyse factorielle exploratoire
principale a été utilisée afin de découvrir la structure sous-jacente des différents
types d’innovations sociales menées par les organisations à but non lucratif de
services directs. Les résultats confirment un modèle à trois facteurs, notamment des
innovations sociales visant a.
The effects of Facebook use on civic participation attitudes and behaviour: A...Mark Dix
A paper written in 2011.
The following proposal suggests a network analysis approach to study the effects of web communication on civic participation. A three-phase mixed methods research design is proposed to examine firstly, the effect of supplementary communication via the social networking site Facebook, on the structure (quantity) and content (quality) of social ties within a network of citizens engaged in health and social care policymaking. It is proposed that the network variables of tie structure and content are then tested in an affective capacity against the participatory attitudes and behaviour of networked individuals. By reframing the study of web use and civic participation under a network theoretical framework, the proposed study will add to the existing literature in the field through recognition of the mediative capacity of relational ties in the formation of participatory capital. It is suggested that it is through their effect on relational tie structure and content within citizen participation networks, that social networking sites such as Facebook affect participatory attitudes and behaviour. To set a critical context for the proposed study, a final qualitative phase of research is suggested to examine the professional power structures impacting upon participant expressions of agency.
This document provides an overview of systems approaches to addressing complex public sector challenges. It discusses the need for systems thinking given increasing complexity in policy issues. Traditional linear and sectoral approaches are often inadequate for "wicked problems" that have many interconnected elements. The document then outlines some of the challenges of using systems approaches in the public sector, such as the difficulty of changing systems that must continue operating. It provides examples of systems approaches being used for issues like child protection, domestic violence, and transportation. The key is focusing on outcomes, bringing together multiple actors, and implementing interventions to transform existing systems into desired future systems. Case studies and emerging evidence suggest systems approaches have potential but also face challenges in public sector contexts.
This document summarizes the key topics discussed at a 2014 seminar on leadership and cultural change hosted by the Association for Behavior Analysis International. The seminar focused on how behavior analysis can enhance safety, ethics and effectiveness of organizations and institutions, and challenge behavior analysts to influence social institutions. Several of the seminar presentations were published in special issues of the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management and The Behavior Analyst. The document discusses the role of leadership in initiating and sustaining cultural change to address social problems, and how behavior analysis can contribute to understanding and shaping cultural change in socially responsible ways.
The Impacts of Social Interaction on the Stock Market - An.docxarnoldmeredith47041
The Impacts of Social Interaction on the Stock Market - An Empirical Analysis Based on Sina Finance Blog
Student ID:
Coventry University
MSc Accounting and Financial Management
Course: Proposal
Tutor:
Submitted:
Total word count: 2972
1. Introduction……………………………………………………………….….1
1.1. Background of the study……………………………………………….…1
1.2. Research aim and objectives………………………………………….…2
1.3. Scope and limitations………………………………………………….….2
2. Literature review…………………………………………………………….3
2.1. The meaning of social interaction and its measurement methods…..3
2.2. The impact of Weibo and blog on the stock market ..…………………4
2.3. Gap………………………………………………………………………….6
3. Research methodology and design……………………………………….6
3.1. Sample selection and data source………………………………………6
3.2. The variable construction description……………………………………7
3.3. Analysis and model …………………………………………………….…9
3.4. Robustness tests………………………………………………………….10
4. Expected results…………………………………………………………….11
5. Conclusion………………………………………………………………..….11
References ......................................................................................................12
1. Introduction
1.1. Background of the study
For individual investors, stock investment is a complex decision, and individuals often face limitations of lack of knowledge and incomplete information. In this case, social interaction becomes an important way for investors to exchange information and express opinions. In recent years, there has been considerable literature discussing the impact of social interaction on financial decision-making behavior. Duflo and Saez (2003) confirmed that social interaction has an impact on the decision-making behavior of individuals purchasing pension products; studies by Hong et al. (2004) and Li Tao (2006) showed that social interaction can significantly promote residents' participation in stock market investment; Karlan (2005) provided evidence of individual credit decisions that influence social interaction through social interaction.
With the rapid development of the Internet, investors can not only obtain information on the Internet, but also actively publish information and communicate with other investors. Online communities such as blogs, Weibo, and forums have become an important platform for interaction between investors. In the Internet age, the scale, frequency, and speed of investor social interaction have all undergone revolutionary improvements. Internet-based social interaction is a double-edged sword for the development of the securities market. On the one hand, the Internet platform has the characteristics of timely and wide coverage. The social interaction between investors helps to improve the transparency of market information, thereby improving the information validity of the securities market; on the other hand, it is contrary to the authority of traditional media. In comparison, the Internet platform has the characteristics of anonymity and grassroots, which ca.
Research Evaluation, september 2011, Introducing 'productive interactions' in...Jack Spaapen
This document discusses introducing "productive interactions" as a new approach to assessing the social impact of research. It defines productive interactions as exchanges between researchers and stakeholders that produce knowledge that is scientifically robust and socially relevant.
It proposes assessing three types of productive interactions: 1) direct or personal interactions, 2) indirect interactions through texts or artifacts, and 3) financial interactions through money or contributions. This focuses evaluation on the interaction process between researchers and stakeholders rather than just outcomes. It also aims to overcome issues with traditional social impact assessment like attribution problems and lack of indicators.
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This document discusses local governance and the role of associations in collective management in the city of Agadir, Morocco. It examines how local governance that promotes participation of associations can improve management of public affairs. The study hypothesizes that effective collective management requires involvement of local people through associations. It analyzes definitions of participation and levels of citizen involvement. Associations in Agadir contribute to management by supporting initiatives for human development, strengthening social ties, and inventorying their roles. While associations play a strategic role, their participation in management remains limited due to lack of resources and support from local authorities.
Role of hotels in the social development of a countryRahim Somani
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to social development including sociology, social structure, development, community development, asset-based community development, and sociocultural evolution. It discusses how social development leads to the transformation of social structures in a way that improves society's capacity to fulfill its aspirations. The document also reviews the history of theories of social and cultural evolution from early thinkers to modern approaches.
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"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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An Empirical Study Of The Content Characteristics Of Social Projects (According To In-Depth Interviews)
1. Management Studies, ISSN 2328-2185
January 2014, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1-9
An Empirical Study of the Content Characteristics of Social
Projects (According to In-depth Interviews)
Larisa Nikitina, Maria Tabachnikova
Voronezh State University (VSU), Voronezh, Russian Federation
This paper specifies substantial characteristics of social projects at the present stage of development of the Russian
civil society. A social project is considered as a project system based on a set of measures of social orientation; has
specific objectives; and is located in space and time-restricted. The sample data of 25 in-depth interviews with
representatives of the business community, public authorities, and civil society institutions, all active participants in
community development in the Voronezh administrative region served as an empirical basis for this paper. The
analysis of respondents’ views on the importance of social projects has enabled to define their descriptive and
normative features. The main descriptive features include the following: overcoming specific urgent problems in a
society; implementing state social policy; quantitative changes in the material life conditions of an individual or a
social group; creating labor markets; implementing social innovations; two-way influence of the quality and
quantity of social projects and the level of socio-economic structure (company, region, country). Normative
features include: encouraged development of state institutions; stability of the environment; balanced
socio-economic development; formation of a community of reasonable individuals; development of human
potential. Conclusions have been made about the nature, characteristics, and goals and objectives of social projects
and their role in social and economic development of the region, spheres of social projects implementation
significant for Russia, about active participants, success and failure factors of social projects, prospects and
intensity of social engineering in the Voronezh administrative region and Russia as a whole. Soft systems
methodology has been used for stating and structuring the empirical data. The results obtained have enabled to lay
the foundation for finding the concepts and mechanisms to coordinate the participants in community development.
Keywords: social project, project management, project system, community development, root definition, goals and
objectives of social projects
Introduction
Social projects’ development and implementation is an essential element in managing sustainable
development in any country. In this regard, it is of vital importance to carry out both theoretical and applied
research in social engineering as a form of social activity of the economic entity and as a process of
implementation of social innovations.
A contradictory situation in the regions of Russia has occurred due to imbalance between the potential and
Larisa Nikitina, Doctor of Science, Full Professor, Economic Department, Voronezh State University.
Maria Tabachnikova, Candidate of Science, Associate Professor, Economic Department, Voronezh State University.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Maria Tabachnikova, 20-Let VLKSM, building 54A, apt. 64,
Voronezh, 394036, Russian Federation. E-mail: gmasha3@gmail.com.
DA
VID PUBLISHING
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2. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE CONTENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL PROJECTS
2
the results of social and economic development. Outstanding innovative ideas come about which can provide
an effective solution of social problems, state structures with a fixed social functionality are formed, there is
proven experience in project implementation by the business elite. An example is the positive dynamics of
social projects implementation of the largest Russian companies during the period from 2004 to 2010 (see
Table 1).
Table 1
Social Projects Implementation by Russian Companies
Availability of projects
Proportion of the total number of companies (%)
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Projects targeted at employees and their families 70 71 80 79 77 77 79
Projects targeted at population at the companies’ location 53 53 60 65 75 67 65
Projects for the companies’ contractors 17 11 18 26 32 31 29
Note. Source: Survey of corporate governance in Russia: A comparative analysis of the results 2004-2010 (Retrieved from
http://rid.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/1CG-research-2004-2010.pdf).
The development and implementation of social projects is a system of multilateral and multi-level
cooperation of representatives of business structures, government and civil society, permanently altering their
role in social welfare and solving social problems under the influence of a number of trends. The latter include
low susceptibility of a number of social problems to the traditional measures of influence, deepening
inequalities between social groups, expansion of the social needs of the population, and others (Moskovskaya,
2011).
However, a clear interaction between the key participants in the social and economic processes is missing,
thus not allowing to reach the full potential of each participant. Actions of public authorities, business
structures, and civil society institutions are often spontaneous, causing short-term isolated effects not related to
the general concept of the strategic development of the region and the country as a whole.
The need to study the characteristics of social projects is caused by a profound structural transformation of
all social relations associated with the post-industrial transition. A number of structural changes that have a
major impact on social practices should be highlighted.
First, social needs and development priorities undergo changes. According to researchers, today the most
significant social priority is not prosperity, but equal access to healthcare and education for all population
groups (Grigorieva, 2011).
Second, the methodological context of understanding social phenomena (practices) changes. Today it
includes such concepts as nonlinearity, chaos, multi-purposefulness and others (Castel, 2009). Thereby, the
criteria for validity of social knowledge shift towards the multiplicity of possible explanations for the processes
under study (Yadov, 2009).
Third, new challenges, such as social ecology, social security, and super-intensification of migration
processes, grow urgent, and relevant (Bogomolov, 2010).
Fourth, the essential characteristics of social services change in a way that they become continuous,
individualized, and global (Mau, 2012). A modern man continuously increases his/her cultural and educational
level, uses healthcare services, chooses a pension plan. The trajectories of choice of services become more
individualized, and they become global and competitive.
Fifth, social processes, like all modern practices, become more dynamic and technologically advanced.
3. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE CONTENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL PROJECTS 3
Such forms of effective interactions appear as social networks, communities of practice, crowdsourcing, etc..
The above-mentioned structural changes are bound to affect the substantial characteristics of all
contemporary social practices, including social projects.
In the context of post-industrial changes, provisions of the new system paradigm proposed by Kleiner
(2011) are brought into focus. In this paradigm, all social and economic phenomena are considered in the light
of the creation, interaction, evolution, transformation, and elimination of economic systems. Under this theory,
a social project is seen as a project-type system based on a set of measures of social orientation, which has
specific objectives, is located in space and restricted in time.
Data Description and Research Methodology
The major problem of any socio-economic survey is the availability of empirical data (or the possibility of
obtaining it). In other words, the researcher is faced with the problem of quality and reliability of the sample
data. Good quality of the empirical data is related to their amount, necessary, and sufficient for adequate
representation. In turn, reliability of the data is provided by choosing the right methods for data collection and
processing methods.
During the period from July to October 2012, 25 in-depth interviews were conducted with representatives
of business structures, civil society institutions, government and management authorities actively engaged in
the development and implementation of social projects in the Voronezh administrative region. The respondents
from the business structures included owners and managers of the enterprises operating in Voronezh. Among
representatives of the civil society were social projects proponents, founders of movements and non-profit
organizations, heads of the largest universities in the region, and actors of youth organizations and journalists.
On the part of government and management authorities participated in the study were heads of departments,
divisions and sections of the government of the Voronezh administrative region.
The questionnaire included three sets of questions on the nature of social projects, the mechanism of social
project management, and personal participation in social projects. This article presents the results of research
into the nature, characteristic features, objectives of social projects and their role in socio-economic
development of the region, spheres of project implementation significant for the current Russian reality, on
active participants, success and failure factors of social projects, prospects and the intensity of social
engineering development in the Voronezh administrative region and Russia as a whole.
First of all, the study found that from a business perspective a social project is a project of public relations
development, social organization, performing an external organizing function. In addition, the study
demonstrated that in business structures actively implementing social projects the functions of ownership and
control are combined, so the second most important aspect of social engineering is a businessman’s (owner’s)
need for self-fulfillment, according to 70% of the experts.
For representatives of civil society institutions a social project is inextricably linked with the improvement
of the quality of life of the whole population or its certain groups and thus benefits the society. Most experts
(65%) associate social projects with improved quality of life, and 35%—with the solution of specific problems
for the benefit of the society or individual social groups.
From the point of view of the representatives of public authorities, a social project is an instrument of the
state social policy whose main distinguishing feature is implementation of social innovation.
Most representatives of business community associate social projects’ objectives with material support,
4. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE CONTENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL PROJECTS
4
quantitative changes in the conditions of the life of an individual or of certain social groups, and to a much
lesser extent with the change in qualitative characteristics of an individual. Thus, only one of the business
experts points out that “a social project should change something in people’s minds”.
One-third of the representatives of the civil society perceive the project objectives as something specific,
they do not have an abstract view of a social project only in reference to a particular quantitative social issue.
Fifty-five percent of the experts distinctly point out that the project objectives are linked to external improved
quantitative indicators of the living conditions, i.e., to social environment features which people consider
external. Only 22% of experts in this group denoted the inward goal of social projects, i.e., a qualitative change
in the human condition.
All representatives of public authorities qualified creation of a comfortable environment and fight against
anti-social phenomena as social project objectives. One of the experts associates the project objectives with
implementation and dissemination of social innovation, “A social project is not just about the implementation
of standards and government regulations. It is characterized by a novelty value—new forms of service, new
types of activity”. None of the representatives of public authorities associates the project objectives with the
development of self-awareness. Thus, the problems of individual people are not considered in general
goal-setting.
It should be noted that even at the stage of defining the essence, nature, and goals of the project the
experts’ opinions fall into three groups of binary oppositions: quantitative-qualitative, external-internal, and
action-process. External goals include changing conditions of the environment and overcoming the problems
that have already emerged in a society (reactive goals). Internal goals include changing societal needs
corresponding to structures of the social reality of the project initiators (proactive goals). Quantitative changes
mean changes in the material life conditions of a particular person, group, or society. Qualitative changes mean
a change in an individual’s, group or society consciousness. An action is a single procedure of implementing a
social project, a process is the implementation of the long-term projects with a common social purpose.
Most business people pointed out that the hallmark of a social project is absence of commercial orientation.
Besides, experts believe that social projects and business projects differ radically at all stages of their life-cycle,
including the stage of accomplishing all the goals or objectives. Only one of the experts in this group
mentioned the interrelation between the two, noting that “a social project is always a part of a business project
in terms of the problems of employment, self-fulfillment, and education”.
Civil society representatives identified two distinctive characteristics of a social project: first, the
complexity of measuring goals and objectives in financial terms (55%), and second, cost and need for external
financing (45%).
Among the distinguishing characteristics of social projects representatives of state bodies named the effect
of projects in a social sphere (67%) and absence of profits (33%). One of the experts pointed out that “the
concept ‘social’ is absolutely incompatible with the concepts of ‘business’ and ‘politics’”.
It should be noted that such a polarization of expert opinions (i.e., to see a social project as part of the
business project and, conversely, to completely exclude business and politics from the social aspects) clearly
illustrates a mutual mistrust of key actors in the process.
In response to a question about the role of social projects in the socio-economic development of the
country, the region, a company, and an individual, almost all business representatives were unanimous. Most
experts agreed that high-quality system social projects at any of the above levels make the process of
5. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE CONTENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL PROJECTS 5
socio-economic development balanced and sustainable, form relationships significant to the economy,
contribute to the stability of the environment.
Civil society representatives identified more practical aspects of the role of social projects, such as
creation of labor markets, maintaining balance and social equilibrium, formation of a community of reasonable
individuals, development of human potential.
The majority (65%) of public authorities’ representatives noted that social projects stimulate growth and
development of public institutions, other experts pointed to a cause-and-effect relationship between the level of
social and economic development and the quantity and quality of social projects implemented.
The analysis of respondents’ views on the importance of social projects has enabled to define their
descriptive and normative features. The descriptive features include the following:
overcoming specific urgent problems in a society;
implementing state social policy;
quantitative changes in the material life conditions of an individual or a social group;
creating labor markets;
implementing social innovations;
two-way influence of the quality and quantity of social projects and the level of socio-economic structure
(company, region, country).
Normative (standard-setting, desirable, target) features include:
encouraged development of state institutions;
stability of the environment, balanced socio-economic development;
formation of a community of reasonable individuals;
development of human potential.
In response to the question on priority and importance of community development areas (healthcare,
education, culture, and sports), 70% of the representatives of the business community emphasized the need for
equal and harmonious development of all areas, 30% of them pointed to the importance of implementing
projects in one of them.
Most representatives of the civil society (63% and 54%, respectively) considered education and healthcare
as priority ones, and only a third of experts believed that the above-mentioned social spheres are equally
important.
Similar comments were received from the representatives of the state, who considered education and
healthcare as priority (half and half, respectively), while 33% pointed to the importance of all the spheres.
Overall, more than a half of the experts been surveyed (56%) shared the same opinion on the matter and
considered social projects in education as priority. Almost all of the experts believe that the situation in the
Voronezh administrative region, in general, is no different from the nationwide practice of social engineering.
In response to the question of the role of the government, business and non-profit organizations in social
engineering, all business representatives pointed out that the state has a key responsibility in social
development, personality formation, his/her values and ideals. At the same time, 70% of the respondents
mentioned that the government should encourage businesses to participate in social projects, not imposing any
unusual functions and not interfering with the business processes, and noted untapped and underused business
potential in social projects. Only 40% of experts emphasized a creative role of non-profit organizations in
6. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE CONTENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL PROJECTS
6
social engineering.
Over a half of the civil society representatives (55%) see non-profit organizations as the initiators, insiders
and monitors of the process, 45% of them think that the state plays a key role in social engineering. A
significant proportion of experts (55%) refer to the role of business in financing projects, however, half of them
mention that in a negative context.
All government officials underline the key role and responsibility of the state. “Vector, regulatory
frameworks, standards, algorithm and goals are all set by the state, all the rest can join. We have very weak
non-profit board practices”, according to an expert. Only one representative of public authorities mentioned the
need for public-private partnerships in implementation of social projects.
It is obvious that such a spread of experts’ opinions on these issues emphasizes mistrust and disagreement
of the participants’ opinions on various aspects of social projects. At the same time, it is quite symptomatic that
all the experts noted the leading role of the state.
In response to the question on active participants in social projects, most business representatives defined
them as devotees—people with a proactive approach to life, the leaders, that is, individuals. Almost half of the
respondents (42%) reported an active role of the state and business in social projects implementation.
Representatives of the civil society (80%) consider community organizations, volunteers, and people with
their everyday concerns and unresolved questions as active participants in social projects. Only 20% of
respondents indicated an active role of the state and business, and one of the experts stated that “a social project
can only be inspired by an individual’s personality”.
All representatives of public authorities consider state structures as active participants in social projects.
Only 30% of the experts mentioned business structures alongside with the state ones.
The responses to a set of questions related to the key actors of the process highlight the need for their
cooperation, information exchange, creation of a concept of social projects customers, support and
encouragement of devotees and volunteers.
The question “Who is most interested in the results of social projects?” caused quite a wide range of
opinions among the business representatives. One third of the experts reported that all participants in the
process are equally interested, but from different perspectives. According to one of the experts, “The state is
interested in increased power and influence, customers are interested in the regularity of social projects and
support, business structures pursue an objective of better public relations and motivation of personnel, since
employees are proud of their enterprise participating in social projects”. One third of respondents believe that
customers are those mostly interested for the sake of stability and productivity; 28% emphasized that target
users of a social project are those most interested in its implementation. One expert noted that it is an individual
personality who is most affected by a project.
Most of the civil society representatives responded that target users are affected, since “their problems of
security and social guarantees are resolved”; 27% of the experts stated that everybody should be interested in
an effective project. According to one of the experts, “Everyone living here who believes this to be their
country. There should not be any contradiction. As soon as we start to make distinctions, social problems come
up”. The same percentage (27%) of experts believe that they project initiators and implementers of the process
are those most interested in results, since they gain “the capitalization of a human personality”.
Half of the representatives of public authorities noted that the results of social projects are of most interest
7. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE CONTENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL PROJECTS 7
to the citizens, the population. One third of the experts believe that everyone should be interested; two experts
mentioned that the main interested party is the state. According to one of them, “The state is the most
concerned as all the effects of social projects are large-scale, long-term, and global. The result is often
postponed”.
Differences in the contextual definition used by different groups of experts seem worth emphasizing. Thus,
business representatives name target users as those most interested in social project results, civil society
representatives mention the society, beneficiaries, individuals, and the representatives of public authorities’
report of the citizens, the population.
In response to the question “What determines the success of a social project?”, the majority of business
representatives pointed out three factors, clear goals and objectives, the right selection and formation of
instruments, and adequate resources. Many experts (42%) highlighted the role of the individual leader and
implementer of the project. Two of the experts drew their attention to the readiness and maturity of the project
consumer (target user). One expert pointed out the importance of a systemic vision and actions in the field of
social engineering.
Most civil society representatives consider personal characteristics of the initiators, leaders, project team,
and project partners as the key success component of a social project. According to one of the experts, “Success
of a project depends on the initiator persistence, the strength and power of the first intention”. Most experts
stress the importance of coordination and resource management skills, while 35% believe the “right goals” are
a significant success component. Two experts noted the importance of the information component, social
project publicity.
What stands out in the survey is the diversity of opinions of the representatives of public authorities on the
components of success of a social project. Half of the surveyed experts stress the importance of the project
timeliness and its focus on a specific category of citizens. One third of the respondents believe the key success
factor is the interaction between all project participants, another third consider financing as a significant
measure of success, one of the experts emphasizes a proactive leader’s position, and another one notes the
personnel and management competence.
The final question in the essential set was the one on the factors that affect the intensity of development of
social projects in Russia and the Voronezh administrative region. Most representatives of the Voronezh
business structures believe that the intensity of development is directly related to the activity and demands of
civil society, and 42% of respondents believe that it is essential to create effective institutions for social projects
preparation and implementation. However, most experts emphasize that it is the state structures which are
responsible for the creation of such institutions.
Most civil society representatives associate the development of social engineering with the development of
a society, citizens’ initiatives, and preservation of the democratic trend. What stands out in the survey is the
analysis and inclusion of the own civic position in development factors. Thus, according to one of the experts,
“For many involved in social projects it is a form of internal emigration, civil immunity, a meaningful existence
in this paradoxical world”. Over one third (36%) of respondents relate the intensity of development of social
projects with governmental support and initiatives.
Most representatives of public authorities associate the development of social engineering with
government agencies, government support, and gubernatorial initiatives; and only one of the experts links
community development with the development of the civil society.
8. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE CONTENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL PROJECTS
8
Results and Conclusions
It is advisable to use the structure of “root definitions” from the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) by
Checkland and Scholes (1990) as a tool to organize and record the empirical data. A root definition reflects a
particular point of view on the process, the vision of the system by a party or parties. This is a clear and concise
description of the process vision, through the mandatory structural elements. Information structured with
consideration of all the foregoing elements, on the one hand, make the report concise, and on the other hand,
quite amply reveal the position of the process parties (see Table 2).
Table 2
Substantial Characteristics of the Structural Elements of Social Projects
Structural elements
Representatives of business
structures
Representatives of civil society
institutions
Representatives of public
authorities
Clients (benefit from social
projects implementation)
Society ready to accept a
social project
Specific users, beneficiaries,
whose problems of security and
social protection are solved
Citizens, population
Actors (key participants of the
process)
Active people, the state as a
regulator of the relations,
business leaders establishing
the level for social
responsibility
Public organizations, volunteers,
people with long-standing
unresolved problems
State structures, business
structures
Transformation (description of
the nature of social changes)
Development of public
relations, quantitative and
qualitative changes in living
conditions
Solving specific social problems,
quantitative and qualitative
change of the living conditions
Creation of a comfortable
environment, elimination of
anti-social phenomena,
introduction of social innovation
Outlook (basic assumptions
about the significance of the
results of social projects)
Stable, harmonious and
balanced socio-economic
development
Creation of labor markets,
preservation of social
equilibrium, human
development, formation of
tastes, rituals, social criteria,
consumer culture
Stimulate the development of the
state, region, accelerate
economic growth
Owners (people who seriously
affect the launch and
implementation of social
projects, able to dramatically
change the effectiveness of
their implementation)
Public authorities, major
business
Society, public authorities Public authorities
Significant environmental
factors
Development of the civil
society, social project
customer institutionalization,
promotion and popularization
of social activity
Social landscape of the region,
personal activity of citizens, civil
society development,
government support
Government support, governor’s
initiatives
The empirical evidence derived from this study has enabled to identify the sore points of the process:
(1) Mistrust and lack of coordination of participants, search for options for cooperation, distribution of
responsibilities;
(2) The need for creation of stimulating public policies (regulatory, legislative, tax regulations, and
procedures);
(3) Lack of social order, customers not ready, lack of consumers’ interest;
(4) Absence of effective institutions for social projects preparation and implementation, need for training
personnel;
(5) Lack of awareness, lack of promotion and popularization of social activity, ideas, project initiatives.
9. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE CONTENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL PROJECTS 9
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