Participation a Requisite for Grass Root Democracy. An Indian Overviewinventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Philosophy of Local Government - Why Local Self Government?Ravikant Joshi
This presentation is about underlying philosophy on which concept of Local Self Governments is based. It examines Why of the Local Self Government Institutions.
Participation a Requisite for Grass Root Democracy. An Indian Overviewinventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Philosophy of Local Government - Why Local Self Government?Ravikant Joshi
This presentation is about underlying philosophy on which concept of Local Self Governments is based. It examines Why of the Local Self Government Institutions.
Bachelor Degree Program (Bachelor in Commerce) Solved Question papers (sharing my solved question papers for easy learning experience, simple, easy, shortened and straight forward answers) If any error or mistake found please correct
Giovanni Allegretti, Tuscommoning. When a law promote a new culture of com-mo...LabGov
Giovanni Allegretti
CES, Facoltà di Economia, Università di Coimbra.
Co-chair of the «Autorità Indipendente per la Promozione e la Garanzia della Partecipazione della Regione Toscana»
Part 1 deep dive; the future role of civil societyKarel Eramuri
Deep Dive; The Future Role of Civil Society
1. The Recent Evolution Of Civil Society
2. Defining Civil Society
3. Shifting Civil Society Roles and Relationships
Innovating Public Service Delivery Through Crowdsourcing: What Role for The T...CSCJournals
The purpose of this paper is to study the involvement of the “crowd” in designing innovative public policies, and the possibility for the Third Sector to play a role in this process. To do so, we want to answer the following research question: what is the extent to which crowdsourcing is adopted in financing and delivering public services within New Public Governance arenas? In order to answer it, we employ the following approach. First of all, we will set public innovation into the context of New Public Governance; secondly, we will analyse definitions for crowdsourcing, and thirdly, we will provide an overview and crisis of crowdsourcing examples to demonstrate their significance as novel forms of public service finance and delivery. This approach evidences the potential and the outcomes of applying crowdsourcing in the public sector, and indicates the role of the actors involved: the adoption of a leadership role by the Third Sector could facilitate crowdsourcing processes. The outcome of the application of crowdsourcing in the public sector is a greater involvement of the civil society in its relationship with the State.
This article reflects, from a holistic and interdisciplinary perspective, on the challenges surrounding the development of eParticipation in Europe, with special focus on EU programs. To this end, we firstly assess the field’s practical and theoretical achievements and limitations, and corroborate that the progress of eParticipation in the last decade has not been completely satisfactory in spite of the significant share of resources invested to support it. We secondly attempt to diagnose and enlighten some of the field’s systemic problems and challenges which are responsible for this unsettling development. The domain’s maladies are grouped under tree main categories: (1) lack of a proper understanding and articulation with regard to the “Participation” field; (2) eParticipation community’s ‘founding biases’ around e-Government and academy; and (3) inadequacy of traditional Innovation Support Programmes to incentivize innovation in the eParticipation field. In the context of the ‘Europe 2020 Strategy’ and its flagship initiative “Innovation Union”, our final section provides several recommendations which could contribute to enhance the effectiveness of future European eParticipation actions.
Lingual thyroid gland is a rare clinical entity and occurs due to the failure of the thyroid gland to descend to its normal cervical location during embryogenesis. This ectopic thyroid gland located at the base of the tongue may present with symptoms like dysphagia, dysphonia, upper airway obstruction or haemorrhage and maybe associated with thyroid dysfunction. We are presenting here the case of a 16 year-old girl who reported to our hospital with complaints of foreign body sensation in the throat & dysphagia. The CT scan reported an SOL base of tongue. An emergency surgery was conducted due to sudden appearance of dyspnoea & increase in dysphagia. A post operative Thyroid scan & Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Lingual thyroid. Thyroid functions showed Hypothyroidism. The TSH level was 98.1 µIU/ml and T3 & T4 levels were 0.1 ng/ml & 2.3 µg/dl respectively.
CONCLUSION: Ectopic Thyroid is a rare anomaly with Lingual thyroid accounting for majority of cases. Dysphagia and dysphonia are common presenting symptoms and majority of cases with thyroid dysfunction have hypothyroidism. Pathogenesis of this ectopic is unknown. Genetic factors have been associated with thyroid gland morphogenesis & differentiation but so far no mutation in known genes has been associated with human thyroid ectopy.
Bachelor Degree Program (Bachelor in Commerce) Solved Question papers (sharing my solved question papers for easy learning experience, simple, easy, shortened and straight forward answers) If any error or mistake found please correct
Giovanni Allegretti, Tuscommoning. When a law promote a new culture of com-mo...LabGov
Giovanni Allegretti
CES, Facoltà di Economia, Università di Coimbra.
Co-chair of the «Autorità Indipendente per la Promozione e la Garanzia della Partecipazione della Regione Toscana»
Part 1 deep dive; the future role of civil societyKarel Eramuri
Deep Dive; The Future Role of Civil Society
1. The Recent Evolution Of Civil Society
2. Defining Civil Society
3. Shifting Civil Society Roles and Relationships
Innovating Public Service Delivery Through Crowdsourcing: What Role for The T...CSCJournals
The purpose of this paper is to study the involvement of the “crowd” in designing innovative public policies, and the possibility for the Third Sector to play a role in this process. To do so, we want to answer the following research question: what is the extent to which crowdsourcing is adopted in financing and delivering public services within New Public Governance arenas? In order to answer it, we employ the following approach. First of all, we will set public innovation into the context of New Public Governance; secondly, we will analyse definitions for crowdsourcing, and thirdly, we will provide an overview and crisis of crowdsourcing examples to demonstrate their significance as novel forms of public service finance and delivery. This approach evidences the potential and the outcomes of applying crowdsourcing in the public sector, and indicates the role of the actors involved: the adoption of a leadership role by the Third Sector could facilitate crowdsourcing processes. The outcome of the application of crowdsourcing in the public sector is a greater involvement of the civil society in its relationship with the State.
This article reflects, from a holistic and interdisciplinary perspective, on the challenges surrounding the development of eParticipation in Europe, with special focus on EU programs. To this end, we firstly assess the field’s practical and theoretical achievements and limitations, and corroborate that the progress of eParticipation in the last decade has not been completely satisfactory in spite of the significant share of resources invested to support it. We secondly attempt to diagnose and enlighten some of the field’s systemic problems and challenges which are responsible for this unsettling development. The domain’s maladies are grouped under tree main categories: (1) lack of a proper understanding and articulation with regard to the “Participation” field; (2) eParticipation community’s ‘founding biases’ around e-Government and academy; and (3) inadequacy of traditional Innovation Support Programmes to incentivize innovation in the eParticipation field. In the context of the ‘Europe 2020 Strategy’ and its flagship initiative “Innovation Union”, our final section provides several recommendations which could contribute to enhance the effectiveness of future European eParticipation actions.
Lingual thyroid gland is a rare clinical entity and occurs due to the failure of the thyroid gland to descend to its normal cervical location during embryogenesis. This ectopic thyroid gland located at the base of the tongue may present with symptoms like dysphagia, dysphonia, upper airway obstruction or haemorrhage and maybe associated with thyroid dysfunction. We are presenting here the case of a 16 year-old girl who reported to our hospital with complaints of foreign body sensation in the throat & dysphagia. The CT scan reported an SOL base of tongue. An emergency surgery was conducted due to sudden appearance of dyspnoea & increase in dysphagia. A post operative Thyroid scan & Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Lingual thyroid. Thyroid functions showed Hypothyroidism. The TSH level was 98.1 µIU/ml and T3 & T4 levels were 0.1 ng/ml & 2.3 µg/dl respectively.
CONCLUSION: Ectopic Thyroid is a rare anomaly with Lingual thyroid accounting for majority of cases. Dysphagia and dysphonia are common presenting symptoms and majority of cases with thyroid dysfunction have hypothyroidism. Pathogenesis of this ectopic is unknown. Genetic factors have been associated with thyroid gland morphogenesis & differentiation but so far no mutation in known genes has been associated with human thyroid ectopy.
Each organisms obtaining food in a precise form which depends on its genetic potentials. The availability of food influenced the troop home size in the focal troops. Present work discussing the availability of food stuff and home range. When food available in plenty, home range tends to decreased and when food available in scared the home range increased.
The study focused at examining the extent of environmental awareness in Motor Vehicles Garages in Mbeya City. The study used structured questionnaires, interviews and observation to collect data. A total of 41 Garages and 12 Car wash sites were surveyed. Study revealed that a total of 51,300 litres of water were used for cleaning 1026 cars per week; with high risk of health problems, due to contamination. The study also revealed that efforts by government has been at place, these effort includes training the garage owners, sales of some waste products to some companies for recycling purposes. The study identified challenges facing the garages this included many garage sites were built in residential areas, poor record keeping of waste products etc and this was partly contributed by their poor academic backgrounds, which did not cover environmental issues in detail. As a result many garages had poor management of waste generated in their working places. This study recommended that more efforts should done by Mbeya City authorities to provide environmental awareness to Garages employees and communities around.
This paper presents an empirical justification of participation of common people in different factors of administration through the policy of decentralization. The background structure of the paper mainly based on the developing country oriented social structure. Through this paper, we can also understand the heterogeneity in the administrative structure. Under this differentiate structure this paper tries to understand the extent of participation of the common people in the administrative decision. In the conclusion part, here in this paper, we try to define the term “Citizen Participation” through the idea of redistribution of administrative power among the civic society for getting an affluent society.
Citizen and Administration - Plutus IAS.pdfPlutus IAS
Specificity refers to the strictly limited zone of interaction between administration and the clients as formally defined by the organisation. In a public transport, the passenger pays the fare and
the conductor assures him a travel up to a definite distance.
Citizen participation is also sometimes seen as a solution to a quite different problem: shoring up the democratic legitimacy of governance processes. Representative democratic governance now faces several critical legitimating problems
One of the first laws adopted by the new political leadership in Ukraine
in the aftermath of the Revolution of Dignity in 2014 was the new concept of local
governance reform and the organization of territorial authority in Ukraine. The aforementioned law, as well as official declarations by top politicians on the necessity of
empowering Ukrainian citizens to take part in the decision-making process and shape
their local communities, led to positive expectations regarding the transformation of
local governance in Ukraine. Therefore, this article addresses the issue of the legal
basis framing the functioning of civil society in Ukraine, focusing on major attempts
to conduct reform and on the main outcomes of implemented actions. Additionally,
emphasis is placed on the current state of cooperation between social and political
actors, and the trends in civil participation in the decision-making process regarding
decentralization and local governance reform in Ukraine.
Corporate Governance in Local Governments of the Public Sector for Sustainabl...ijtsrd
Corporate governance in the public sector, particularly, in local governments is crucial to quality service delivery, citizen participation and sustainable development. Using Integrative Review approach, the study sought to review literature on corporate governance in local governments of the public sector. The results, according to the frame of the study based on selected literature revealed that most studies focused on one rather than two or more countries, there appeared to be less quantitative studies than qualitative studies, there seemed to be more reviews on the subject than empirical studies. The study confirms that public sector corporate governance as a concept is receiving some attention in both practice and literature. Isaac Jerry Kwabena Asare | Yusheng Kong "Corporate Governance in Local Governments of the Public Sector for Sustainable Development: An Integrated Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33504.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/33504/corporate-governance-in-local-governments-of-the-public-sector-for-sustainable-development-an-integrated-review/isaac-jerry-kwabena-asare
Development Of Public Administration Program Development System in Rural Serv...IOSR Journals
This study aims to, knowing what aspects can be developed to increase the service capacity of village government, knowing the role of village and community in carrying out the functions and enhanced customer service and public administration, the factors that affect the improvement of rural public administration system to improve service capacity of village government, get a picture of the service capacity building and development of public administration system at the level of village government. The target to be achieved is to increase public administration system in the country so as to improve the capacity of government services to the rural community.From the study of theory, analysis and discussion on the findings of the field, it was found that the embodiment of the village administration, particularly on the object of research is still not optimal. Not optimal realization of the village administration, mainly reflected in: Still unclear performance standards that can be measured to determine the quality of the resulting output.
The dynamics of a territory: the main actors of sustainable development in th...Territorial Intelligence
Huelva 2007, International Conference of Territorial Intelligence organised in the framework of CAENTI. WORKSHOP 3: Sustainable Territorial Development Studies
Decentralization and Decentralized Cooperation in Cameroon: The Futile and Co...AJHSSR Journal
The Cameroon political economy was pressured by home and foreign realities to adopt a
constitution in 1996 that provided ample space for the blossoming of new ideas in governance like
decentralization and decentralized cooperation. Though the application of all the potent elements of this
constitution remained in abeyance, decentralization provided an escape valve for those who found the hyper
centralization suffocating. It was deal which sought to drift away from the Jacobin French system of power
sharing and control wherein all powers and decisions rest in the center and for the most part in the hands of one
man. Theoretically, decentralization was introduced as a ploy to take power closer to the people and ensure
popular participation in decision making thereby ensure prompt control and evaluation of locally orientated
projects. After functioning for some time, decentralization for the case of Cameroon gave birth to decentralized
cooperation. In fact decentralized cooperation is considered by some authors as the “daughter” of
decentralization. Decentralized cooperation that is in function in Cameroon since 2011 has seemingly not been
very effective. As appealing as this project appeared its implementation suffered from conflicting groups of
personal and collective interests all of them hinged to corruption and insincerity on the part of the governing.
Even with the introduction of the decentralized cooperation‟s in 2011 that could help enhance the project, there
were still contradiction that made the implementation to remain for the most part a dream project. From palpable
evidences drawn from primary and secondary sources, this paper attempt a portrait of how the initiatives that
were deployed in getting decentralization to work became conflicting and therefore futile. It sums up the
governmental/indigenous responsibilities to the failure of this project. From its narrative it opines that
decentralization as governance approach seemed to have been hired in Cameroon to serve international policy
design that addressing crucial home realities.
The village government has an substantial responsibility in managing human resources to produce regional economic benefits. This research aims to identify the stakeholder collaboration to support accountability in village fund management and rural development. This study used an interactive approach with data collection methods such as structured interviews, documentation, and observation. The object of the study is village officials in Pranggang Village,
Plosoklaten District, Kediri Regency, East Java Province. The results of the study showed that the village government has not optimally carried out its role in involving more stakeholders. Collaborative stakeholders in managing village funds involved village government officials, activity management team and
community. They play a positive role in bringing about village accountability in managing village funds. An increased community participation contribute to program evaluation activities and effectiveness in the village financial management. The accountability of the village funds utilization has met the
Home Affairs Ministerial Regulation number 113 of 2014. In addition, social accountability has been applied in various forms of effective interactions between the community and village government. Much efforts are required to improve the quality of human resources through more stakeholder engagement, training activity and community empowerment.
"Heart failure is a typical clinical accompanied by symptoms syndrome (e.g. shortness of breath, ankle swelling and fatigue) that lead to structural or functional abnormalities of the heart (e.g. high venous pressure, pulmonary edema and peripheral edema).
In recent years, the significant role of B-type natriuretic peptide has been revealed in the pathogenesis of heart disease and the use of the drug sacubitril/valsartan has started. It has a positive effect on the regulation of the level of B-type natriuretic peptide in the body. It is obviously seen from the the world literature that natriuretic peptides play an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. For this reason, many studies suggest that the importance of natriuretic peptides in the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure is recommended.
Due to this, we tried to investigate the effects of a comprehensive medication therapy with a combination of sacubitril/valsartan in the patients with chronic heart failure."
Parallel generators of pseudo random numbers with control of calculation errors
Sub1578
1. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438
Volume 4 Issue 1, January 2015
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Local Governance and the Role of Associations in
the Collective Management: The Case of the City of
Agadir, Morocco
Nawal ZBIR1
, Ahmed RHELLOU2
1
Scholar, Doctoral Studies in Applied Economics, FSJES Agadir/Morocco
2
Professor specializing in Applied Economics, FSJES Agadir/Morocco
Abstract: During the recent few decades, the ideas, theories and practices related to the relationship between the state and civil society
have changed. Now, it is necessary to strengthen the participation of the local population through associations in the management of
local public affairs. This article examines the participation of associations -as part of local governance - in the collective management.
With this intention, on the basis of an empirical study led within the city of Agadir, we will examine the potential role associations to
improve the collective management of local public affairs.
Keywords: Local governance, participation, associations, collective management
1. Introduction
The issue of 'local governance' has been the subject of a vast
literature and a multitude of analyses for two decades. The
increasing interest in governance opens up several
theoretical reflections and empirical work in which different
issues, problems or objectives are taken into account.
Furthermore, and despite the lack of a common approach to
the notion of governance, all the proposed acceptance
converge to a point which is to link the notion of governance
to a certain effectiveness of the state in the management of
the thing public. This efficiency cannot be realized without
the redevelopment of all the reports of the State and citizens
on the basis of principles such as participation of all citizens
in local public action.
This paper seeks to explore the following question: How can
the local governance contribute to territorial development?
Thus, the hypothesis could be formulated as follows: local
governance promoting territorial development can not be
achieved without the participation of the population -
through associative entities -dealing with the management of
public affairs at the local level.
Indeed, nowadays, good governance depends crucially on
the implementation of a participatory democratic process
that challenges civil society associations and puts them in
the forefront to represent the people. Based on a clear
conceptual repertoire of theoretical and empirical literature,
this work tries to highlight that the involvement of these
associations is considered as, firstly, a governance flagship
application and also a leading territorial development.
2. Interests and Objectives of the Study
Our work sheds light on a partial problem of various aspects
of governance. This lighting is a primary interest of this
research which has, in our opinion, other objectives that are
also of paramount importance:
The first part relates the important role of governance in
general to the local governance as a key determinant for a
country to ensure sustainable development.
The second concerns the importance of the study of the
relationship between local governance, participation of
associations and effective collective management in the
current context.The aim of this research is to provide a
reflection on the interactions between local actors such as
associations through certain characteristics related to
coordination, cooperation and citizen participation process.
It aims at understanding, in the context of local governance,
how the involvement of associations can be both
reconfiguration of public action, and also breathe new life
into the local collective management.
To address this issue, we will try, at first, to briefly recall
some definitions related to the issue addressed in order to
show the importance of "participation" component. In a
second step, we will try to identify the specificities of the
participation of associations in the management of local
public affairs. Finally, we shall have to check our remarks
on a practical case taking as scope: the city of Agadir.
3. Research Hypotheses
Hypothesis 1: any effective collective management is based
on the involvement of local people in the management of
their own territory.
Hypothesis 2: Effective local governance can not be
achieved without the effective participation of the
associations in the management of their territory.
a) Context
At this time of decentralization and significant changes in
the legal environment in Morocco, the participatory
approach has high stakes in terms of contribution to creating
new relations between the administration and citizens.
Indeed, the citizens demand more transparency in the
Paper ID: SUB1578 364
2. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438
Volume 4 Issue 1, January 2015
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
preparation and implementation of public policies and wish
to become more involved in local life. This confirmation
marks the strong will emerge a local participatory
democracy.The attention paid to the role of citizen
participation in public management is both new and old. Old
by the interest given by the Moroccan government to
develop a realistic participation process initiated several
years agoand new because we are now witnessing more than
ever a continuous movement of laws, programs and
experiences connected withthe participation and partnership
between government services and civil society in Morocco.
Despite the abundance of literature produced on this subject,
it is important to focus on the mechanisms of participation
on much smaller scales.Reflecting this trend, new forms of
relationships have emerged, focusing more on participatory
democratic practices. The associations are a good example.
This is a new form of participation and partnership between
the government and the citizens. The associations have
become a key player in any development process especially
at the local level that no one can dispute. The flexibility of
their structures predisposes them to develop projects that
meet the real needs of people. Their outreach and knowledge
of populations and territories, from which they arise, makes
them more likely to encourage informed and vigorous
citizen participation.
b) The concept of participation at the center of many
conceptual issues
While it is often mentioned today, the term citizen
participation is a concept widely contested on the ground.
But in the scientific literature, it covers different realities and
replaces other concepts such as consultation or participatory
democracy.
Formally, the term "participation" has emerged during mass
mobilizations and movements 'radical' US during the years
1960-1970 [Movement against the Vietnam War, civil rights
advocates, urban social movements ... etc.]. The word has
gained new momentum in the 1990s under the leadership of
the World Bank, which seeks to condition foreign aid to
democratic openings of the beneficiary countries.
In general, the term citizen participation refers to the
involvement of ordinary citizens in decision making in
environments, institutions and programs whose scope affects
them directly.In view of the scientific literature, Allain
(2001) and Claey-Mekdade (2001) notes that participation
often refers to the power relationship between the different
actors of territorial management and places the citizen at the
heart of this process exchange and redistribution of power.
Several authors (Arnstein, 1969; Joliveau et al, 2002;
Wilcox, 1994) proposed to characterize participation,
declining levels of power, depending on the degree of
involvement and citizen control in the decision making
process.
Table 1: Typology of eight levels of participation from a
scale Arnstein (1969)
c) Level and method of contribution of associations in
the collective management
The activities of the associations are part of the line with the
strategic thrusts of the National Initiative for Human
Development (INDH). It aims to promote local governance.
The establishment of their governing structures and
operating under the basic principles of democracy.
Participation in community life promotes social ascension -
political leaders.
The grouping, organization and dynamics of associations
activities strengthen social ties and the awakening of the
communities in the development of their region.
Establishing an inventory of the role of "living" associations
in a given territory in the process of collective management
is a difficult tasks. However, governance has developed in a
context which is marked by many changes (economic crisis,
decentralization, globalization, growing power of civil
society, development of the role of local authorities ...)
leading to new challenges and strong mutations social and
territorial. This context has profoundly altered the
relationship between civil society represented by
associations and public authorities. They are invited if not
called to participate in the construction of the public
response and ensure greater efficiency in the field.
Certainly, in empirical reality, things are more complex. It is
now considered common in public policy that the
participation of associations especially in the field of
development of the territory is rewarding. This commitment
reflects the awareness at the state level of the need to
involve partner organizations to ensure democracy and build
more respectful of citizens' project.
However, it is clear that the role of civil society-through
associative entities- remains quite limited though
strategically important. Despite the existence of a large
number of associations distinguished by their
professionalism, sense of organization and their results, they
suffer from a lack of vision and strategy of intervention and
real and effective involvement in the management of public
affairs. Their work does not bear sufficient visibility. Indeed,
the involvement of associations is usually done in an indirect
way. This is so, especially when governments themselves
organize consultation with associations and interest groups
before making their choice or to adopt their public policy.
For its part, the government must be more demanding of
associations by continuous and strict monitoring on the
Paper ID: SUB1578 365
3. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438
Volume 4 Issue 1, January 2015
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
identity, the real objectives, types of action, intervention
procedures and results of the actions of these associations on
territory.
4. Working Methodology
In this section, we present the results of a study
conductedduring the month of March 2014. We conducted
this investigation on development associations in the urban
commune of Agadir.Thus, the technique of investigation we
used was «door to door" by giving questionnaire to different
groups of people who acted as informants.The questionnaire
contains 47 closed-type questions, single or multiple
response even open questions where we gave the respondent
the opportunity to freely give their point of view. The data
collected through the questionnaire were enriched by
additional and meaningful information collected through a
set of semi-structured interviews with leaders of
association.Also, we have stripped the data collected using a
statistical software, Sphinx. Which helped to achieve
significant results in tables single entry or double entry.
Level associations, including Information was collected on
the name, headquarters, the intervention areas, the number
of members, the layers of beneficiary populations, areas of
intervention, carried achievements, strategies intervention
planning tools, challenges and proposed solutions.
5. Analysis of Results
a) Distribution by Age
We find that an individual whose age is between 30 and 40
years account for nearly half of our sample is 45.8%. They
are a very active social stratum and more aware of their own
responsibilities in relation to other age groups. The
participation of women in associational life is outstanding
but still weak.
b) Breakdown by socio – professional
The graph showing the socio - professional of respondents
shows that employees are more adherent associations
compared to other socio-professional group. This is
explained by the fact that our survey was conducted in an
urban commune.
c) Distribution by level of participation in community
action
Force is to notice the predominance of active leaders and
very active leaders. It follows that members actually
appropriate the activities of their associations. This bodes
activism of their strong commitment to achieving the goals.
They thus prove their highly developed desire to belong to
the group and their sense of high responsibility. Under these
conditions, strategic and tactical decisions can only be taken
for the smooth running of the association.
d) Distribution by type of decision making in
associations
Paper ID: SUB1578 366
4. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438
Volume 4 Issue 1, January 2015
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
This graph shows that decisions are taken together in a
participatory manner. The other significant aspect is that
37.61% of decisions are taken by persuasive way.The results
allow us to count up the areas of action of associations.
Indeed, the activities of the associations cover several areas:
Socially, the activities carried out are related to health,
education, water, social action, etc. economically,
associations operate in areas such as agriculture, livestock,
handicrafts, income generating activities, etc.
6. Conclusion
Association participation in the management of public
affairs for several years, would be at the heart of any
governance process. The demand of civil society evolves. It
is no longer participating in consultative bodies, but to be
involved in decisions as part of a new governance. The
associations recognized early the need to come together to
exist in the public space. With this increase in participation,
governance takes over the government of public action. The
strong participation of associations determines the success of
governance. Moreover, this participatory approach does not
call into question the principles of representation that are the
basis of our political organization. Power remains to the
elected people and participation is essentially a right and
duty of expression, discussion, to assist in the conduct of
public business in informing policy before taking a decision.
Thus, the analysis of any local governance processes will
lead to an awareness of the need to promote new approaches
that will make the real effective local participation a priority
and a preliminary basis for the establishment of democracy.
In this context, the use of associations as a public action can
be considered as a relay race that may put an end to all of the
previous performances. These structures appear to offer new
pathways that are necessary to change the territory to the
desired objectives.
References
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gestion des eaux (SAGE) : une procédure innovante de
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[2] Arnstein R.S. (1969), A Ladder of Citizen
Participation, Journal of the American Institute of
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Author Profile
Nawal ZBIR has obtained a master's degree in Economics and
Management of Organizationsin FSJES Agadir/Morocco in 2009,
and currently is studying for doctoral studies in applied Economics
at the same institution.
Ahmed RHELLOUis a professor specializing in Applied
Economics. He has participated inmany international colloquiums
and congress. He has alsopublished many articles and animated lot
of conferences
Paper ID: SUB1578 367