Amphibians
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Amphibians are vertebrate animals that can live both on land and in water. They have permeable skin, undergo metamorphosis from an aquatic larval stage to a terrestrial adult stage, and have characteristics like a backbone, gills, and being cold-blooded. A new family of limbless, soil-dwelling amphibians over a meter long has recently been discovered living underground across 58 locations in northeastern India.
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Snake Notes
The document discusses various characteristics of snakes, including that pit vipers have loreal pits that detect heat from prey and that snakes smell with their tongue and Jacobson's organ. It provides details on venomous snakes, describing that pit vipers, copperheads, rattlesnakes, and others are hemotoxic while cobras, coral snakes, and others are neurotoxic. It also discusses snake hunting methods like constriction and venom injection through hollow fangs.
Amphibians
Amphibians evolved from lobe-finned fishes around 345 million years ago. They can live both on land and in water, using various organs for respiration in different environments. There are over 2,000 living amphibian species classified into four orders: Anura (frogs and toads), Urodela (salamanders), Trachystoma (mud eels), and Apoda (caecilians). Amphibians have key adaptations like permeable skin and an aquatic larval stage that allow them to transition between aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
Lizard Notes
Lizards make up 60% of reptiles and occur on all continents except Antarctica. They are typically identified by their elongated body and four limbs with a long tail. Lizards vary tremendously in size, from the smallest gecko at 1.5 inches to the largest Komodo dragon at 10 feet. Lizards tails serve different purposes depending on the species, such as providing extra grip for chameleons or breaking off as a defense mechanism to escape predators for other species. Monitor lizards are considered the most advanced lizards as the direct ancestors of snakes, shown through traits like their long, serpentine body and forked tongue.
Amphibians
Amphibians are vertebrates that live both on land and in water. They are classified into three orders: Anura (frogs and toads), Caudata (salamanders and newts), and Apoda (caecilians). Amphibians are ectothermic, have permeable skin, lay eggs, and undergo metamorphosis from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults. Each order has distinct characteristics - Anura live in moist areas and catch insects with their tongues, Caudata live in water and can regenerate limbs, and Apoda are worm-like and blind burrowers.
Amphibian Gas Exchange Notes
Amphibians have adapted to exchange gases through four surfaces: gills, lungs, buccopharyngeal respiration through the mouth and throat, and cutaneous respiration through their moist skin. They have more than one surface for gas exchange due to their imperfect circulatory system. Specifically, salamanders exchange gases through some lungs, buccopharyngeal and cutaneous respiration, and some may retain gills. Frogs and toads exchange gases through well-developed lungs, buccopharyngeal respiration, cutaneous respiration and lack gills. Caecilians exchange gases through some lungs, buccopharyngeal respiration, cutaneous respiration and lack gills.
Unit 2 the reptiles.
Vertebrate animals have a backbone and are classified as mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Reptiles such as turtles, crocodiles, and snakes have scales and are mostly terrestrial. They have four limbs, though snakes do not have legs. Most reptiles have teeth and some use venom fangs. Reptiles breathe through lungs and have body temperatures that vary with their environment. They lay eggs but do not incubate them.
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The document discusses different groups of animals including amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles, and insects. It provides 3 key characteristics for each group:
Amphibians are vertebrates that are ectothermic, breathe through their skin, and go through metamorphosis. Birds are vertebrates that are endothermic, have feathers, and lay eggs. Mammals are vertebrates that are endothermic, have hair, and produce milk to feed their young. Reptiles are vertebrates that are ectothermic, covered in scales, and have lungs. Insects are invertebrates that have a 3-part body structure, hatch from eggs, and have 6 legs
Amphibians Introduction Notes
The document discusses the class Amphibia, including that their name comes from the Greek words meaning "double life" referring to their aquatic larval stage and terrestrial adult stage. It describes the three living orders - Anura (frogs and toads), Caudata (salamanders), and Apoda (caecilians) - and provides details on their characteristics, species numbers, sizes, and geographic distributions. Amphibians live a double life with an aquatic larval stage and terrestrial adult stage, have permeable skin, and must return to water to reproduce.
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The document discusses various characteristics of snakes, including that pit vipers have loreal pits that detect heat from prey and that snakes smell with their tongue and Jacobson's organ. It provides details on venomous snakes, describing that pit vipers, copperheads, rattlesnakes, and others are hemotoxic while cobras, coral snakes, and others are neurotoxic. It also discusses snake hunting methods like constriction and venom injection through hollow fangs.
Amphibians
Amphibians evolved from lobe-finned fishes around 345 million years ago. They can live both on land and in water, using various organs for respiration in different environments. There are over 2,000 living amphibian species classified into four orders: Anura (frogs and toads), Urodela (salamanders), Trachystoma (mud eels), and Apoda (caecilians). Amphibians have key adaptations like permeable skin and an aquatic larval stage that allow them to transition between aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
Lizard Notes
Lizards make up 60% of reptiles and occur on all continents except Antarctica. They are typically identified by their elongated body and four limbs with a long tail. Lizards vary tremendously in size, from the smallest gecko at 1.5 inches to the largest Komodo dragon at 10 feet. Lizards tails serve different purposes depending on the species, such as providing extra grip for chameleons or breaking off as a defense mechanism to escape predators for other species. Monitor lizards are considered the most advanced lizards as the direct ancestors of snakes, shown through traits like their long, serpentine body and forked tongue.
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Amphibians are vertebrates that live both on land and in water. They are classified into three orders: Anura (frogs and toads), Caudata (salamanders and newts), and Apoda (caecilians). Amphibians are ectothermic, have permeable skin, lay eggs, and undergo metamorphosis from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults. Each order has distinct characteristics - Anura live in moist areas and catch insects with their tongues, Caudata live in water and can regenerate limbs, and Apoda are worm-like and blind burrowers.
Amphibian Gas Exchange Notes
Amphibians have adapted to exchange gases through four surfaces: gills, lungs, buccopharyngeal respiration through the mouth and throat, and cutaneous respiration through their moist skin. They have more than one surface for gas exchange due to their imperfect circulatory system. Specifically, salamanders exchange gases through some lungs, buccopharyngeal and cutaneous respiration, and some may retain gills. Frogs and toads exchange gases through well-developed lungs, buccopharyngeal respiration, cutaneous respiration and lack gills. Caecilians exchange gases through some lungs, buccopharyngeal respiration, cutaneous respiration and lack gills.
Unit 2 the reptiles.
Vertebrate animals have a backbone and are classified as mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Reptiles such as turtles, crocodiles, and snakes have scales and are mostly terrestrial. They have four limbs, though snakes do not have legs. Most reptiles have teeth and some use venom fangs. Reptiles breathe through lungs and have body temperatures that vary with their environment. They lay eggs but do not incubate them.
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The document discusses different groups of animals including amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles, and insects. It provides 3 key characteristics for each group:
Amphibians are vertebrates that are ectothermic, breathe through their skin, and go through metamorphosis. Birds are vertebrates that are endothermic, have feathers, and lay eggs. Mammals are vertebrates that are endothermic, have hair, and produce milk to feed their young. Reptiles are vertebrates that are ectothermic, covered in scales, and have lungs. Insects are invertebrates that have a 3-part body structure, hatch from eggs, and have 6 legs
Amphibians Introduction Notes
The document discusses the class Amphibia, including that their name comes from the Greek words meaning "double life" referring to their aquatic larval stage and terrestrial adult stage. It describes the three living orders - Anura (frogs and toads), Caudata (salamanders), and Apoda (caecilians) - and provides details on their characteristics, species numbers, sizes, and geographic distributions. Amphibians live a double life with an aquatic larval stage and terrestrial adult stage, have permeable skin, and must return to water to reproduce.
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This document provides information about reptiles presented by a group including Shamroz Khan, Dastagir Sial, Shoaib Awan, Maher Faisal, and Sohaib Akram. It discusses the characteristics of reptiles including their scales, eggs, and tetrapod anatomy. It also outlines the orders of reptiles such as testudines (turtles), rhynchocephalia, squamata (lizards and snakes), and crocodilia. The document describes some key adaptations reptiles have developed like their snouts, airways, tails, digestive systems, and reproduction abilities.
Classification of reptiles
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2. During the Mesozoic era, reptiles dominated land, sea and air, represented by 16 orders, including dinosaurs, pterosaurs, marine reptiles and the ancestors of modern crocodiles and birds.
3. Transitional fossils like Archaeopteryx provide evidence that birds evolved from reptiles with feathers and wishbones evolving among traits shared with modern avians.
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Amphibians are vertebrates that can live both on land and in water. They go through a metamorphosis from an aquatic tadpole stage to a terrestrial adult stage. Amphibians are important for ecosystems and human welfare. They indicate environmental changes and provide benefits like controlling pests, serving as traditional medicine, and acting as biological indicators. India is home to 309 amphibian species across 14 families and 55 genera. Ongoing research in India includes studies on reproduction, taxonomy, ecology, and impacts of skin extracts. Conservation efforts aim to protect amphibian habitats and diversity in the Western Ghats.
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Amphibians were the first vertebrates to adapt to living on land, though most still require water for reproduction or parts of their life cycle. They have moist skin, minimal teeth, and undergo metamorphosis from aquatic tadpoles to terrestrial adults. While tadpoles are herbivorous, most adult amphibians are carnivorous. They have complex life cycles and come in three main types: anures without tails, urodels with tails, and legless gymnophions.
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2. Gymnophiona (caecilians): Worm-like amphibians found in tropical regions. They burrow underground and have either aquatic or terrestrial larvae.
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Reptiles are a group (Reptilia) of tetrapod animals comprising today's turtles, ... The reptiles were, from the outset of classification, grouped with the amphibians. ... between lizards, birds, and their relatives on the one hand (Sauropsida)
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2. During the Mesozoic era, reptiles dominated land, sea and air, represented by 16 orders, including dinosaurs, pterosaurs, marine reptiles and the ancestors of modern crocodiles and birds.
3. Transitional fossils like Archaeopteryx provide evidence that birds evolved from reptiles with feathers and wishbones evolving among traits shared with modern avians.
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Amphibians are vertebrates that can live both on land and in water. They go through a metamorphosis from an aquatic tadpole stage to a terrestrial adult stage. Amphibians are important for ecosystems and human welfare. They indicate environmental changes and provide benefits like controlling pests, serving as traditional medicine, and acting as biological indicators. India is home to 309 amphibian species across 14 families and 55 genera. Ongoing research in India includes studies on reproduction, taxonomy, ecology, and impacts of skin extracts. Conservation efforts aim to protect amphibian habitats and diversity in the Western Ghats.
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The document discusses characteristics of turtles in the order Chelonia, including their shells, limbs, mating behaviors, and methods for differentiating sex. It describes how the carapace and plastron form the turtle's shell and how the plastron varies between species. Sex can be determined by studying features like eye color, toenail length, cloacal position, and plastron shape depending on the specific turtle species. The document also categorizes turtle limbs as aquatic, semi-aquatic, or terrestrial based on structure and function.
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Amniote origins and nonavian reptiles
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Snakes evolved from lizards, and lizards today make up 95% of living reptiles. There are over 4,300 species of lizards that regulate their body temperature through behaviors like lifting their belly from hot surfaces. Lizards use their tails and legs for defense and speed, and most are carnivorous while some are herbivorous, with only two venomous species.
Intro. to Reptile Notes 2016
Reptiles include turtles, lizards, snakes, tuatara, and crocodilians. They are cold-blooded with scale-covered skin and breathe through lungs. There are 5 orders of reptiles: Rhynchocephalia containing the tuatara; Chelonia containing turtles; Squamata containing lizards and snakes; and Crocodilia containing crocodiles and alligators. Reptiles range in size from 3 inches to over 30 feet and live on every continent except Antarctica.
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This document summarizes a presentation about reptile classification given by Deepak Rawal. It discusses the general characteristics of reptiles and provides a classification of living reptiles into four orders: Chelonia (turtles), Rhynchocephalia (tuatara), Crocodilia (crocodiles), and Squamata (lizards and snakes). Within Squamata, lizards are classified under Lacertilia and snakes under Ophidia. Key differences between lizards and snakes are outlined. Information on poisonous and non-poisonous snakes in India is also provided.
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This document provides a classification of reptiles based on their anatomical features. It discusses the five subclasses of reptiles: Anapsida, Euryapsida, Parapsida, Synapsida, and Diapsida. Within Diapsida are two superorders - Lepidosauria containing lizards and snakes, and Archosauria containing crocodilians. Key characteristics are described for each order, including turtles within Anapsida, lizards and snakes within Lepidosauria, and crocodilians. Temporal bone structure is an important distinguishing feature between subclasses.
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This document provides instructions for navigating an amphibian presentation in slideshow view. It includes menus for chapter content, resources, and standardized test questions. The content covers amphibian evolution, characteristics, and reproduction. Key topics include preadaptations for land transition, modern amphibian orders/examples, respiration, circulation, and the frog life cycle. Test questions assess understanding of anatomical structures, evolutionary adaptations, and amphibian characteristics and reproduction.
Evolution of elephas in paleontology
My seminar
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I'm Thomas chinnappan
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@tcoftheworld
@tcorganization
Crocodilian Notes
There are 23 species of crocodilians classified into three families: crocodiles, alligators and caimans, and gharials. Crocodiles have long pointed snouts with the fourth lower tooth exposed, while alligators and caimans have broad, rounded snouts with the fourth lower tooth hidden. Gharials have extremely long, thin snouts lined with needle-like teeth adapted for catching fish.
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This document provides an overview of animal classification by discussing invertebrates and vertebrates. It notes that over 98% of animal species are invertebrates, which lack backbones, while vertebrates have backbones. Common invertebrate groups include protozoa, annelids, mollusks, echinoderms, crustaceans, arachnids, and insects. Vertebrate groups include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals such as marsupials, primates, rodents, whales, dolphins, and seals. Each group is briefly characterized.
Presentation1
This document discusses the external structures and locomotion of amphibians. It describes how amphibians have moist skin that aids in respiration and maintains hydration. It also discusses breathing through lungs and skin, camouflage through color changes, poison glands for defense, vocal sacs for calling, and webbed feet or toe pads for different habitats. Locomotion is enabled through lung-based or skin-based breathing and feet adaptations.
Vertebrates
This document provides information about different types of vertebrates including fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. It describes some key characteristics of each group and examples of common species. The document aims to classify different vertebrate animals according to their defining physical attributes and environmental adaptations.
The earth biology 4
The document summarizes the main kingdoms of life - Animalia and Plantae. It describes the key groups within the animal kingdom - vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and invertebrates. Each animal group is defined briefly, noting distinguishing characteristics. The plant kingdom section defines plants and notes they obtain energy from photosynthesis using chlorophyll and reproduce sexually.
Animal kingdom (bueno)daniela emma eva
This document provides information about different animal kingdoms. It discusses vertebrates like mammals, fish, birds, reptiles and amphibians. It notes that mammals are warm-blooded and feed milk to their young, while birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs. Invertebrates discussed include arthropods like insects, arachnids and myriapods. The document provides 3-4 key facts about each group.
Animal kingdom (bueno)daniela emma eva
This document provides information about different animal kingdoms. It discusses the main groups of vertebrates like mammals, fish, birds, reptiles and amphibians. For each group, it lists some key facts. It also discusses invertebrate groups like arthropods, arachnids, and myriapods. The document aims to classify and describe the main characteristics of different animal types.
Herpetology
Herpetology is the study of reptiles and amphibians. It is an important field that provides insights into conservation, medical research, and environmental quality. Amphibians are especially useful as bioindicators because they absorb water and chemicals through their skin. Many amphibian species are threatened or endangered due to habitat loss, disease, pollution, and other factors. Reptiles and amphibians display a wide variety of adaptations for living on land or in water, and fulfilling different ecological roles in ecosystems.
Animal kingdom daniela emma eva
This document provides information about different animal kingdoms, including vertebrates and invertebrates. It discusses key facts about mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, arachnids, arthropods, and myriapods. For example, it notes that mammals are warm-blooded and their babies drink milk, while fish have inhabited Earth for over 450 million years. The document also explains characteristics of invertebrate groups such as arthropods, which make up 80% of known animal species.
phylogeny of class Reptilia vertebrates.pptx
Reptiles first evolved from amphibians over 300 million years ago. They experienced major changes and declines at the end of the Mesozoic era due to environmental changes and competition from birds and mammals. Today there are only four surviving orders of reptiles - turtles, crocodiles, lizards, and snakes. Reptiles are distinguished by having scales, laying amniotic eggs, and being cold-blooded.
phylogeny of class Reptilia vertebrates.pptx
Reptiles first evolved from amphibians over 300 million years ago. They experienced major changes and declines at the end of the Mesozoic era due to environmental changes and competition from birds and mammals. Today there are only four surviving orders of reptiles - turtles, crocodiles, lizards, and snakes. Reptiles are distinguished by having scales, laying amniotic eggs, and being cold-blooded.
Reptiles a look.ppt
Reptiles first evolved around 310 million years ago and were the first vertebrates to make a complete transition to life on land. They developed several key adaptations for terrestrial living including protective scales, lungs for breathing air, waterproof skins, and amniotic eggs that allowed for internal fertilization and development of embryos on land. Over time reptiles diversified into many forms and dominated during the Mesozoic era. Today there are four major orders of reptiles - turtles, crocodilians, lizards, and snakes. Snakes evolved from lizards and developed specialized adaptations for movement, feeding, defense, and reproduction on land.
Amphibians (Vertebrates)
1. Amphibians show variations in temperature sensitivity and shed their skin periodically. They are found throughout the world except Antarctica and Greenland.
2. They have four limbs, loosely attached skin with warts, eyes with lids, tympani behind eyes, and morphology varies by species.
3. Their skin has mucus glands and is permeable. They are cold-blooded, detect low sounds, and communicate using signals. Some camouflage or use bright colors.
4. They have indirect development with larvae and metamorphosis to adults. Reproduction involves eggs laid in water with gel coats that swell. Fertilization varies between internal and external.
Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Reptalia
In order for us to understand how all living organisms are related, they are arranged into different groups. The more features that a group of animals share, the more specific the group is. Animals are given scientific names so that people all around the world can communicate about animals, no matter what language they speak (these names are traditionally Latin words). Animals belong to a number of different groups, starting with the animal kingdom.
Kingdom
All living organisms are first placed into different kingdoms. There are five different kingdoms to classify life on Earth, which are Animals, Plants, Fungi, Bacteria, and Protists (single-celled organisms).
Phylum
The animal kingdom is divided into 40 smaller groups, known as phylum. Here, animals are grouped by their main features. Animals usually fall into one of five different phylum which are Cnidaria (invertebrates), Chordata (vertebrates), Arthropods, Molluscs and Echinoderms.
Class
The phylum group is then divided into even smaller groups, known as classes. The Chordata (vertebrates) phylum splits up into Mammalia (Mammals), Actinopterygii (Bony Fish), Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish) , Aves (Birds), Amphibia (Amphibians) and Reptilia (Reptiles).
Order
Each class is divided into small groups again, known as orders. The class Mammalia (Mammals), splits into different groups including Carnivora, Primate, Artiodactyla and Rodentia.
Family
In every order, there are different families of animals which all have very similar features. The Carnivora order breaks into families that include Felidae (Cats), Canidae (Dogs), Ursidae (Bears), and Mustelidae (Weasels).
Genus
Every animal family is then divided into small groups known as genus. Each genus contains animals that have very similar features and are closely related. For example, the Felidae (Cat) family contains genus including Felis (small Cats and domestic Cats), Panthera (Tigers, Leopards, Jaguars and Lions) and Puma (Panthers and Cougars).
Species
Each individual species within the genus is named after it's individual features and characteristics. The names of animals are in Latin so that they can be understood worldwide, and consist of two words. The first word in the name of an animal will be the genus, and the second name indicates the specific species.
Example 1 - Tiger
Kingdom: Animalia (Animal)
Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrate)
Class: Mammalia (Mammal)
Order: Carnivora (Carnivore)
Family: Felidae (Cat)
Genus: Panthera
Species: Panthera tigris (Tiger)
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Amphibians
- 2. Meaning of Amphibians • "Amphibian" comes from the Greek word which means "both life". • Amphibians can live in water and on land. Red-Eyed Tree Frog
- 3. Characteristics of Amphibians • Amphibians have a backbone. They are vertebrates. • Amphibians are cold-blooded. They cannot regulate their own body temperature. Newt
- 4. • Amphibians spend at least part of their lives in water and on land. • Most amphibians go through metamorphosis. Bolitoglossa taylori salamander
- 5. • Amphibians do not have scales and their skin is permeable (molecules and gases can pass through). • Amphibians have gills for at least part of their lives. Some species have gills only as larvae, while others can have gills throughout their lives. Northern Red Salamander
- 6. New Discoveries about Amphibians An entirely new family of amphibians has been discovered hiding in the soils of northeastern India. In total, seven new species of these limbless, soil- dwelling and rather ugly creatures were unearthed by a team of researchers digging for over 1,000 man-hours.
- 7. These creatures are members of the caecilian order of amphibians, which look more like earthworms and can grow to be more than a meter long. They build nests underground and brood their young there. More than 500 examples of the new family of caecilians were found in 58 locations in northeastern India.
- 8. Thank you