General features of animals, biodiversity, biologyPranjal Gupta
It discuss various features that help us to classify organism-here animals based on their body plan, segmentation, organ systems ie physiology, reproduction. development, evolutionary patterns, complexity etc. It is a guide to understand how scientists arrange different groups of animals existing in nature.
General features of animals, biodiversity, biologyPranjal Gupta
It discuss various features that help us to classify organism-here animals based on their body plan, segmentation, organ systems ie physiology, reproduction. development, evolutionary patterns, complexity etc. It is a guide to understand how scientists arrange different groups of animals existing in nature.
Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class ReptaliaiPagador
In order for us to understand how all living organisms are related, they are arranged into different groups. The more features that a group of animals share, the more specific the group is. Animals are given scientific names so that people all around the world can communicate about animals, no matter what language they speak (these names are traditionally Latin words). Animals belong to a number of different groups, starting with the animal kingdom.
Kingdom
All living organisms are first placed into different kingdoms. There are five different kingdoms to classify life on Earth, which are Animals, Plants, Fungi, Bacteria, and Protists (single-celled organisms).
Phylum
The animal kingdom is divided into 40 smaller groups, known as phylum. Here, animals are grouped by their main features. Animals usually fall into one of five different phylum which are Cnidaria (invertebrates), Chordata (vertebrates), Arthropods, Molluscs and Echinoderms.
Class
The phylum group is then divided into even smaller groups, known as classes. The Chordata (vertebrates) phylum splits up into Mammalia (Mammals), Actinopterygii (Bony Fish), Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish) , Aves (Birds), Amphibia (Amphibians) and Reptilia (Reptiles).
Order
Each class is divided into small groups again, known as orders. The class Mammalia (Mammals), splits into different groups including Carnivora, Primate, Artiodactyla and Rodentia.
Family
In every order, there are different families of animals which all have very similar features. The Carnivora order breaks into families that include Felidae (Cats), Canidae (Dogs), Ursidae (Bears), and Mustelidae (Weasels).
Genus
Every animal family is then divided into small groups known as genus. Each genus contains animals that have very similar features and are closely related. For example, the Felidae (Cat) family contains genus including Felis (small Cats and domestic Cats), Panthera (Tigers, Leopards, Jaguars and Lions) and Puma (Panthers and Cougars).
Species
Each individual species within the genus is named after it's individual features and characteristics. The names of animals are in Latin so that they can be understood worldwide, and consist of two words. The first word in the name of an animal will be the genus, and the second name indicates the specific species.
Example 1 - Tiger
Kingdom: Animalia (Animal)
Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrate)
Class: Mammalia (Mammal)
Order: Carnivora (Carnivore)
Family: Felidae (Cat)
Genus: Panthera
Species: Panthera tigris (Tiger)
It is a presentation on the various species of dinosaurs, some other reptiles and mammals of the Prehistoric Age as well. It takes you on a journey of about 165 million years, from the Triassic Period to the Cretaceous Period. After that there is a lot of information on prehistoric mammals which became extinct thousands of years ago. It also tells us a bit about the evolution of humans.
Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class ReptaliaiPagador
In order for us to understand how all living organisms are related, they are arranged into different groups. The more features that a group of animals share, the more specific the group is. Animals are given scientific names so that people all around the world can communicate about animals, no matter what language they speak (these names are traditionally Latin words). Animals belong to a number of different groups, starting with the animal kingdom.
Kingdom
All living organisms are first placed into different kingdoms. There are five different kingdoms to classify life on Earth, which are Animals, Plants, Fungi, Bacteria, and Protists (single-celled organisms).
Phylum
The animal kingdom is divided into 40 smaller groups, known as phylum. Here, animals are grouped by their main features. Animals usually fall into one of five different phylum which are Cnidaria (invertebrates), Chordata (vertebrates), Arthropods, Molluscs and Echinoderms.
Class
The phylum group is then divided into even smaller groups, known as classes. The Chordata (vertebrates) phylum splits up into Mammalia (Mammals), Actinopterygii (Bony Fish), Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish) , Aves (Birds), Amphibia (Amphibians) and Reptilia (Reptiles).
Order
Each class is divided into small groups again, known as orders. The class Mammalia (Mammals), splits into different groups including Carnivora, Primate, Artiodactyla and Rodentia.
Family
In every order, there are different families of animals which all have very similar features. The Carnivora order breaks into families that include Felidae (Cats), Canidae (Dogs), Ursidae (Bears), and Mustelidae (Weasels).
Genus
Every animal family is then divided into small groups known as genus. Each genus contains animals that have very similar features and are closely related. For example, the Felidae (Cat) family contains genus including Felis (small Cats and domestic Cats), Panthera (Tigers, Leopards, Jaguars and Lions) and Puma (Panthers and Cougars).
Species
Each individual species within the genus is named after it's individual features and characteristics. The names of animals are in Latin so that they can be understood worldwide, and consist of two words. The first word in the name of an animal will be the genus, and the second name indicates the specific species.
Example 1 - Tiger
Kingdom: Animalia (Animal)
Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrate)
Class: Mammalia (Mammal)
Order: Carnivora (Carnivore)
Family: Felidae (Cat)
Genus: Panthera
Species: Panthera tigris (Tiger)
It is a presentation on the various species of dinosaurs, some other reptiles and mammals of the Prehistoric Age as well. It takes you on a journey of about 165 million years, from the Triassic Period to the Cretaceous Period. After that there is a lot of information on prehistoric mammals which became extinct thousands of years ago. It also tells us a bit about the evolution of humans.
Second-largest phylum in number of species- over 100,000 described.
Ecologically widespread- marine, freshwater, terrestrial (gastropods very successful on land)
Variety of body plans (therefore, many classes within the phylum)
Variety in body size- from ~1 mm to ~18 m (60 feet). 80% are under 5 cm, but many are large and therefore significant as food for man.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Diversity In Living Organisms (Animalia)
1. Done By : P. Sreesh
Class : 9 ‘A’
Subject : Biology
2. The major group of animals are classified under the Kingdom
Animalia, also known as Metazoa. This kingdom does not
contain prokaryotes. All the members of this kingdom are
multicellular, eukaryotes. They are heterotrophs, they depend on
other organisms directly or indirectly for food. Most of the
animals ingest food and digest in the internal cavity. Most of the
organisms are motile which means they can move independently
and spontaneously.
There are around 9 to 10 million species of animals, and about
800,000 species are identified. Fossil records of animals were
found in the era of the Cambrian explosion, about 540 million
years ago. Animals are divided into various sub-groups,
biologists have identified about 36 phyla within the animal
kingdom including birds, mammals, reptiles, fish, amphibians
etc.
Animalia
3.
4.
5.
Porifera
• They are primitive organisms, most of them are salt-water sponges.
• They do not have organs or nerve cells or muscle cells.
• Approximately, 8,000 species exist today.
• Example: Sycon, Euspongia, Spongilla.
6.
7.
8.
Coelentrata (Cnidaria)
• This group is composed of jelly-fish and other lower aquatic animals.
• Approximately, 15,000 species exist today.
• Example: Aurelia, Adamsia.
9.
10.
11.
Platyhelminthes
• This group consists of flat worms.
• They inhabit both marine and fresh water habitats and they are mostly
endoparasites found in animals.
• Example: Taenia (Tapeworm), Fascicola (Liver fluke).
12.
13.
14.
Nematoda (aschelmeinthes)
• It is a group of round worms, most of them are parasites.
• This phylum consists of about 80,000 parasitic worms.
• Ascaris (Round worm), Wuchereria (Filaria worm), Ancylostoma
(hookworn).
15.
16.
17.
Annelida
• They are present in aquatic, terrestrial and are free-living or parasitic in
nature.
• This phylum comprises of segmented worms.
• Example: Nereis, Pheretima (earthworm), Hirudinaria (blood sucking
leech).
18.
19.
20.
Arthropoda
• This is the largest phylum which consists of insects.
• There are over 1 million species of insects existing today.
• Example: Locusts, Butterfly, Scorpion, Prawn, Apis (honey bee), Bombyx
(Silkworm), Laccifer (lac insect), Anopheles, Culex and Aedes (mosquiotes),
Limulus (king crab).
21.
22.
23.
Mollusca
• It is the second largest phylum.
• They are terrestrial and aquatic.
• Example: Pila (Apple snail), Octopus (devil fish), Pinctada (pearl oyster), Aplysia
(sea-hare), Sepia (cuttle-fish), Dentalium (Tusk Shell), Chaetopleura (Chiton).
24.
25.
26.
Echinodermata
• This consists of sea stars and sea urchins.
• There are about 6,000 species.
• Example: Ascarias (star fish), Echinus (sea urchin), Antedon (Sea lily),
Cucumaria (sea cucumber), Ophiura (brittle star).
27.
28.
29.
Chordata
• Animals of this phylum have a characteristic feature of presence of
notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord and paired pharyngeal gill slits.
• Within this phylum advanced group called vertebrates which include fish,
amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
• Example:Balanoglossus, Ascidia. All fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds
and mammals.
30.
31.
Vertebrata
• Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum
Vertebrata.
• Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the Chordata, with
currently about 66,000 species described.
• All Chordates posses the following features :
i. have a notochord
ii. have a dorsal nerve cord
iii. are triploblastic
iv. have paired gill pouches
v. are coelomate
Vertebrates are grouped into five classes.
32.
1. Pisces
• Pisces In older classifications, a superclass containing the four classes of
fish: the two extant classes Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish, e.g. sharks)
and Osteichthyes (bony fish), the extinct class Placodermi, and also the
most primitive of the vertebrates of the class Cephalaspidomorphi.
33.
34.
2.Amphibia
• All amphibians: Are vertebrates (which means they have a backbone or
spine) Are ectothermic. Also known as “cold-blooded,” ectothermic animals
cannot regulate their own body heat, so they depend on warmth from
sunlight to become warm and active.
35.
36.
3.Reptilia
• Reptiles are the creeping and burrowing cold blooded vertebrates bearing
epidermal scales.
• They are ectothermic (cold-blooded) and are found mostly in the warmer
parts of the world. They are few in colder parts.
• They are mostly terrestrial animals.
• There are about 6,000 living species of reptiles in the world.
• Skin is dry, rough and without glands, bearing epidermal scales or scutes.
37.
38.
4.Aves
• Birds (Aves) are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by
feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high
metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight
skeleton. They are warm – blooded.
39.
40.
5. Mammalia
• Are vertebrates (which means they have a backbone or spine).
• Are endothermic. Also known as “warm-blooded,” endothermic animals
regulate their own body temperate which allows them to live in almost
every climate on Earth.
• Have hair on their bodies.
• Produce milk to feed their babies.