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This document summarizes key information about components of blood and blood typing: 1) It describes the main cellular components of blood - erythrocytes (RBCs), neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets - and provides information on their characteristics, counts, and functions. 2) It discusses RBC count ranges and hemoglobin concentrations in males and females as well as gender differences. 3) It explains the ABO blood group system, describing the four main blood types (A, B, AB, and O) based on antigens on RBC surfaces and the antibodies present in plasma. 4) It provides a brief overview of Rh
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Blood 2010
Blood homeostasis depends on the continual transport of components to and from cells. The composition of blood includes plasma, which makes up 55% of blood, and formed elements such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which make up the remaining 45%. Blood disorders can involve abnormalities in any of the formed elements, including anemias that decrease oxygen-carrying capacity, leukocyte disorders like leukemia, and clotting disorders such as hemophilia or thrombosis.
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2. Erythropoiesis, the production and degradation of red blood cells.
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4. Blood groups such as ABO and Rh and issues like blood typing and transfusion reactions.
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This document discusses white blood cells (WBCs), also known as leukocytes. It begins with definitions of WBC and explains they help the body's defense mechanisms. It describes WBC composition and the normal total count range. It then classifies WBCs into granulocytes and agranulocytes and lists the types in each group. The document outlines the functions of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils. It concludes with the method and calculation for determining total WBC count using a hemocytometer.
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Blood is composed of solid particles known as formed elements suspended in fluid plasma. The formed elements are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide, white blood cells help fight infection, and platelets help the blood to clot. When blood is centrifuged, it separates into three layers - plasma on top, then a buffy coat containing white blood cells and platelets, and red blood cells packed on the bottom.
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This document provides an overview of red blood cells, including their functional morphology, membrane composition and metabolism. It describes the normal size, shape and counts of red blood cells and variations thereof. It also discusses the packed cell volume, red cell indices, Rouleaux formation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, red blood cell membrane structure and permeability, cellular composition, and metabolic pathways of glucose utilization including the Embden-Meyerhof and hexose monophosphate shunt pathways.
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Blood homeostasis depends on the continual transport of components to and from cells. The composition of blood includes plasma, which makes up 55% of blood, and formed elements such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which make up the remaining 45%. Blood disorders can involve abnormalities in any of the formed elements, including anemias that decrease oxygen-carrying capacity, leukocyte disorders like leukemia, and clotting disorders such as hemophilia or thrombosis.
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This document provides an overview of 10 topics related to blood:
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2. Erythropoiesis, the production and degradation of red blood cells.
3. The immune system including humoral and cellular immunity.
4. Blood groups such as ABO and Rh and issues like blood typing and transfusion reactions.
5. Hemostasis, the process of blood clotting and fibrinolysis.
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This document provides an overview of red blood cells, including their functional morphology, membrane composition and metabolism. It describes the normal size, shape and counts of red blood cells and variations thereof. It also discusses the packed cell volume, red cell indices, Rouleaux formation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, red blood cell membrane structure and permeability, cellular composition, and metabolic pathways of glucose utilization including the Embden-Meyerhof and hexose monophosphate shunt pathways.
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2) Lymphocytes, which include B and T cells that produce antibodies and carry out cell-mediated immunity.
3) Monocytes, which become macrophages and also perform phagocytosis to remove dead cells and pathogens.
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- Mention of some common laboratory tests used in hematology like complete blood count.
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This document discusses techniques used in hematological labs, including examination of blood and bone marrow, flow cytometry, and cytogenetics. It focuses on examination of blood and bone marrow, describing how careful assessment of blood elements can provide diagnostic information. Cellular morphology, quantification of components, and evaluation of parameters from automated cell counters are used to analyze blood. Bone marrow examination can reveal involvement by myeloproliferative neoplasms or lymphoproloferative disorders through analysis of cellularity, clusters of cells, and fibrosis levels.
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Blood performs several essential functions, including transporting gases, nutrients, waste, and cells throughout the body. It also regulates pH, temperature, and water content of cells. Blood consists of blood cells suspended in plasma. The three main types of blood cells are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. White blood cells help protect the body against disease and infection. Platelets help the blood clot to prevent blood loss from injuries.
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White blood cells, or leukocytes, are cells of the immune system that defend the body against infectious disease and foreign materials. There are five main types of leukocytes - granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils) and agranulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes). Granulocytes contain granules that help them digest pathogens, while agranulocytes do not contain granules. Leukocytes are produced in the bone marrow and circulate throughout the body in blood and lymph fluid. An abnormal increase or decrease in the number of leukocytes can indicate certain diseases.
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The document discusses the complete blood count (CBC) test, which evaluates three major blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It describes the history and development of CBC testing, how automated cell counters analyze blood samples to produce cell counts and indices, and what the results indicate about blood cell abnormalities. Key developments included the microscope, manual counting methods, staining techniques, and the first automated analyzer. Modern automated cell counters use aperture impedance or light scattering methods to efficiently analyze blood samples and flag any abnormal results.
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This document discusses a pilot study on the effects of LTCI (Lymphocyte T Cells Immunomodulator) treatment on a cat named Kaw that tested positive for leukemia. The cat showed symptoms of anemia, leukopenia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis and thrombocytopenia prior to LTCI treatment. Blood tests after 7 days of LTCI treatment showed a decrease in atypical lymphocytes and an increase in platelets and reticulocytes. However, an abnormal differential blood count returned when the cat developed a fever two weeks after treatment during a flu outbreak. The blood counts gradually returned to normal over the following weeks. The study suggests LTCI helped increase white blood cell counts and improved symptoms
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Blood is composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It transports oxygen, nutrients, waste, and helps remove toxins. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and give blood its red color. White blood cells help fight infection. Platelets help with clotting to stop bleeding. The document provides detailed information on the composition and functions of these blood components.
Interpretaion of hemogram
This document discusses automated hematology analyzers and their use in analyzing complete blood counts. It describes 3-part analyzers, which provide white blood cell and platelet counts but have limitations, and 5-part analyzers, which provide more detailed analysis including a scatter plot. The document outlines the parameters measured by analyzers and how to interpret results, including normal ranges for red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet counts and indices. Various abnormal findings are presented as case examples.
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- Blood functions to transport gases, nutrients, waste and cells throughout the body. It also regulates pH, temperature and protects against disease and blood loss.
- Blood consists of blood cells suspended in plasma. The main blood cells are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide while white blood cells protect against infection.
- Plasma contains water, proteins, lipids, salts and glucose. It helps maintain blood pressure and transports hormones, nutrients and waste products.
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This document discusses anemia and polycythemia. It begins by describing a case study of a 42-year-old female with iron deficiency anemia, as shown by her blood smear. It then provides learning objectives about defining anemia, classifying types of anemia, describing megaloblastic anemia, and effects of anemia and polycythemia on the circulatory system. The document proceeds to describe various types of anemia in detail, including normocytic, microcytic, macrocytic, blood loss, aplastic, hemolytic, and megaloblastic anemia. It also covers secondary polycythemia and polycythemia vera, and their effects on blood viscosity
Different types of wbc cells
There are five main types of white blood cells (WBCs):
1) Neutrophils, which are the most common WBC and function by attacking pathogens through phagocytosis and releasing toxins.
2) Lymphocytes, which include B and T cells that produce antibodies and carry out cell-mediated immunity.
3) Monocytes, which become macrophages and also perform phagocytosis to remove dead cells and pathogens.
4) Eosinophils, which release toxins to kill parasites and act in allergic reactions.
5) Basophils, the least common WBC that secretes antibodies and histamine in hypersensitivity reactions.
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The document describes red blood cells and white blood cells. Red blood cells are biconcave discs that are flexible and can change shape to easily maneuver through small blood vessels. They have a lifespan of 110-124 days. White blood cells help fight infection and are present in the bloodstream in varying percentages based on their type. Their numbers can indicate certain health conditions.
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The document discusses the functions and components of blood. It describes the process of blood clotting, which involves platelets, coagulation factors and fibrin to form a clot. It also summarizes hematopoiesis, the process where stem cells in the bone marrow develop into the various formed elements of blood including red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Furthermore, it covers the different blood types defined by the ABO and Rh blood group systems and their implications for blood transfusions.
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Blood flows from the heart through arteries, which branch into capillaries where oxygen and nutrients diffuse out of blood and carbon dioxide and waste diffuse in. The capillaries then join to form veins carrying deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart and then into the lungs, before returning oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart to repeat the cycle. Blood is composed of plasma and various blood cell types including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, each of which performs important functions in circulation and immune response.
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This document provides an introduction to hematology, including:
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- An overview of the development and characteristics of the main types of blood cells - erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes.
- Mention of some common laboratory tests used in hematology like complete blood count.
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The document describes procedures for determining total red blood cell (RBC) count and performing a differential white blood cell count and blood grouping. Specifically, it details how to:
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2. Examine a stained blood smear under a microscope to identify and count different types of white blood cells and calculate percentages.
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2) It classifies antigens based on their immunogenicity as complete or incomplete antigens.
3) It categorizes antigens based on their origin as exogenous, endogenous, autoantigens, isoantigens, or heterophile antigens.
4) It lists 10 properties that determine an antigen's ability to stimulate an immune response, including foreignness, size, chemical nature, and specificity.
5) It briefly discusses superantigens and common tests used to detect antigens.
Antigen
The document discusses various properties of antigens that determine their antigenicity including molecular size, foreignness, chemical complexity, stability, and more. It also describes different types of antigenic determinants recognized by B cells and T cells as well as factors like dosage, route of administration, and adjuvants that influence immunogenicity. Finally, it covers antigen specificity and different types of antigens such as haptens, superantigens, and isoantigens.
Introduction to hematology
This document summarizes key topics in hematology, including cellular components of blood, components of blood such as red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, diseases that affect these components, blood typing, transfusion, and coagulation disorders. Some of the major areas covered are red blood cell production and diseases like sickle cell disease and polycythemia, white blood cell disorders including leukemia and lymphoma, platelet disorders, and bleeding disorders like hemophilia. Treatment approaches focus on following general guidelines, supportive care, and preventing further injury or infection.
Hematology PPT- anemia, thalasemia, sickle cell anemia
This document summarizes several hematological disorders including anemia, sickle cell anemia, and thalassemia. It discusses the origins and functions of blood, classifications of anemia, causes and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia, and treatments including oral iron therapy and blood transfusions. For sickle cell anemia, it covers alleles, pathophysiology, clinical features like vaso-occlusive crises, and treatments including pain management, oxygenation, and antibiotics. For thalassemia, it discusses decreased synthesis of hemoglobin chains, classifications, clinical features such as prominent facial bones and enlarged organs, diagnosis, and treatments including blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy.
Blood- composition and function
This presentation covers characteristics, composition, function and formation of blood and blood cells.
Blood Physiology - Ppt
Blood functions to transport oxygen, nutrients, waste, hormones, and more throughout the body. It is composed of plasma and formed elements including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. Erythrocytes carry oxygen to tissues via hemoglobin and have a normal lifespan of 100-120 days before being recycled. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a common test measuring the rate at which red blood cells sediment in one hour, indicating inflammation.
Blood physiology
Erythropoietin (EPO) secreted by kidney
Inhibitor: High concentration of O2 in kidney
Life span of RBC: 120 days
RBC metabolism: anaerobic glycolysis [reason for
Heinz body and G6PD deficiency anemia]
RBC destruction: spleen and macrophage in liver,
bone marrow [reason for spherocytosis and
elliptocytosis]
RBC regeneration: bone marrow
RBC reserve: about 25% of total RBC
RBC production: 2.4×1011/day
Cbp (3)complete blood picture
This document provides an overview of a complete blood count (CBC) or hemogram test. It discusses the components of a CBC including red blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell count, and platelet count. It defines and provides the normal ranges for these components. It also summarizes various types of anemia such as iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, anemia of chronic disease, and hemolytic anemia, how they present on a CBC, and approaches to differentiating between them. The document emphasizes the importance of the CBC in evaluating patients for many medical conditions.
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Hematology PPT- anemia, thalasemia, sickle cell anemia
Hematology PPT- anemia, thalasemia, sickle cell anemia
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HEMATOLOGY METHODOLOGY .pptx
Presentation of hematology cbc interpretation and automation analyzer
HEMATOLOGY METHODOLOGY
Blood Physiology.ppt
In this presentation we briefly describe the blood physiology.
Learning objectives:
blood and blood physiology
blood plasma
blood cells and its physiology and role in our body
structure of hemoglobin
hemostasis
coagulation process after injury
Blood anatomy and physiology
Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products throughout the body. It is composed of plasma and formed elements including red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen, while white blood cells help fight infection. Platelets help form clots to stop bleeding. Blood type is determined by antigens on red blood cells and the presence of antibodies in plasma. A blood transfusion matches the donor's blood type to the recipient to avoid an immune reaction.
blood
The document summarizes key components and functions of blood. It describes that blood contains cellular components like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in plasma. Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, white blood cells protect the body from infection, and platelets help form blood clots to stop bleeding. The document also outlines the production and roles of different blood cell types, as well as the clotting process and blood groups important for safe transfusions.
14 Blood
Blood transports vital substances like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. It is composed of plasma and three main cell types - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow and carry oxygen to tissues via hemoglobin. They circulate for about 120 days before being broken down. White blood cells help protect the body from disease. Platelets help the blood clot and stop bleeding from broken blood vessels. The blood also contains proteins, gases, and other nutrients.
Blood & its functions
The human body contains approximately 5 liters of blood composed of plasma and cellular elements. Plasma is 55% of blood and contains water, proteins, electrolytes, and other substances. Cellular elements include red blood cells containing hemoglobin, white blood cells for immunity, and platelets for clotting. Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and more throughout the body.
Composition and functions of blood
This document summarizes the composition and functions of blood. It describes that blood consists of plasma and formed elements suspended in plasma. The formed elements are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The document then discusses the composition of plasma and the different types of white blood cells and platelets. It concludes by outlining the key functions of blood, which include transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, waste removal, regulation of pH, temperature, blood pressure, and playing a defensive role through coagulation and the immune response.
Blood PPT
Blood is a connective tissue composed of plasma and cells. It transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in plasma. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. White blood cells help fight infection. Platelets help form blood clots to stop bleeding. The document discusses blood components, functions, disorders, and blood grouping in detail.
Unit 3a blood
Blood is a connective tissue that distributes oxygen and nutrients throughout the body while also protecting against infection. It is composed of plasma and formed elements, which include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and distribute oxygen, while white blood cells protect the body against infection and disease. Platelets help the blood clot to prevent blood loss from injuries. The document provides detailed information on the composition and functions of blood and its components.
Introduction to hema
Hematology is the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. It includes treatment of blood disorders and cancers. Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen throughout the body. White blood cells are part of the immune system and help fight infection. Platelets help with blood clotting. Blood is produced through hematopoiesis in the bone marrow and regulated by various factors.
1. A. BLOOD - COMPOS. & FNS - Sakeena Asad.pptx
Blood is a connective tissue composed of plasma and blood cells. Plasma is 55% of blood volume and contains water, proteins, nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products. Blood cells include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen throughout the body. White blood cells help fight infection and include neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Platelets help with blood clotting. Blood functions include transportation of substances, regulation of homeostasis, balance of electrolytes and pH, and protection from pathogens.
2.blood 2014.pptx
Blood is a circulating tissue consisting of plasma and formed elements like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It functions to transport oxygen, remove carbon dioxide, regulate pH, transport nutrients, and fight infections. Blood is typically collected from veins in the arm for analysis. It has a composition of plasma, which is mostly water, and formed elements. Red blood cells are produced through erythropoiesis and contain hemoglobin to carry oxygen. White blood cells help fight infections. Platelets help form blood clots to stop bleeding. The immune system, including innate immune cells and adaptive B and T cells, helps defend the body against pathogens and infection.
- Basic biology and Components of blood- Copy.ppt
Presented by Hafsa-MS ZOOLOGY
1-Components of blood and their Functions
Blood is a connective tissue
Its volume is 5-6 L in males and 4-5 L in females
Slightly alkaline, with a pH of ~ 7.4
It is a transporting fluid
It carries vital substances to all parts of the body
Blood is the only fluid tissue.
Blood is a complex connective tissue in which living cells,
the formed elements, are suspended in the fluid called plasma.
Composition of the Blood
55% Plasma (fluid matrix of water, salts, proteins, etc.)
45% Cellular elements:
Red Blood Cells (RBCs): 5-6 x 10 12 /L of blood. Contain
hemoglobin which transport oxygen and CO2.
White Blood Cells (WBCs): 4.5-11 x 10 9/L of blood.
Blood Plays an essential role in immunity and defense. Including:
Lymphocytes: T cells and B cells
Macrophages: (phagocytes)
Granulocytes: Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophil.
Platelets: Cellular fragments, 150 - 400 x 109/ L of blood.
Important in blood clotting.
3 major functions of blood are
Transportation
Regulation
Protection
6-Transportation
Respiratory system
Red blood cells or erythrocytes transport Oxygen from lungs to cells and Carbon dioxide from cells to lungs
Nutritive fluid
Blood absorb nutrients from digested foods in gastrointestinal tract and transport to all the cells in body
Excretory
Metabolic wastes, excess water and ions , and other molecules not needed by the body are carried by the blood to the kidneys and excreted in the urine
7-Regulation
Hormonal
Blood carries hormones from their site of origin to distant target tissues , where they perform the regulatory functions
Temperature
Blood is responsible to carry body heat to the surface in high temperature environment as well as to keep body warm within low temperature environment i.e., Vasodilation and vasoconstriction.
8-Protection
Clotting
The clotting mechanism protects against blood loss when vessels are damaged
Immune
The immune function of blood is performed by the leukocytes that protects against many disease causing agents
11-Plasma
Straw colored fluid made of water (~90%), other contents include:
Proteins make the bulk of the solutes:
Albumins (60%), manufactured in the liver are the most abundant
Globulins (36%) are immune bodies
Fibrinogen (4%) for blood clotting
Nutrients: glucose, amino acids, lipids, cholesterol
Electrolytes: Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, H+, Cl-, HCO3-, PO4--, SO4--
Waste: urea, creatinine, uric acid, bilirubin
Gases: O2 , CO2 , N2
Protein bound hormones
Plasma without clotting factors is called “serum”
12-RBC/ Erythrocytes
An RBC is a 7.5 micron disc shaped body with a central depression
The cell is without a nucleus or mitochondria
AN RBC contains hemoglobin and filamentous proteins attached to the cell wall to impart flexibility on it
Life span 120 days
13Erythrocytes are produced in bone marrow
Older erythrocytes are removed from the circulation by phagocytic cells in the liver, spleen and bone marrow.
Chapter17 bloodmarieb
This document summarizes key aspects of blood composition and function. It discusses the main components of blood including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. It describes the functions of these components such as oxygen transport, immune response, and clotting. It also briefly reviews blood cell formation (hemopoiesis) and abnormal blood counts.
BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY
Plasma volume
• Blood volume
• plasma composition & function
• blood composition & cell count
• White blood cell types & function
• Platelets count & function
• Hemostasis, mechanism &
disorders
blood consists of 3 types of
specialized cellular elements:
erythrocytes(RBC) Whole cells
leukocytes(WBC) whole cells
Platelets(thrombocytes) Cell
fragments
suspended in a complex liquid
plasma
General physiology - Blood
This document provides an overview of blood components and functions. It discusses:
1. Blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in plasma.
2. Plasma volume, blood volume, and the composition and functions of plasma and blood cells like hemoglobin, iron transport, and immune functions are described.
3. Measurement techniques for blood components like packed cell volume and blood volume are outlined.
blood final copy.ppt
Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Plasma is 55% of blood volume and is composed mainly of water along with dissolved proteins, minerals, glucose, and waste products. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen throughout the body. White blood cells are part of the immune system and defend against pathogens. Platelets help the blood clot and maintain integrity of blood vessels. The bone marrow produces blood cells through hematopoiesis, regulated by various cytokines and hormones. The ABO blood group system involves antigens on red blood cells and antibodies in plasma that determine blood type.
complete blood count.ppt
The complete blood count (CBC) provides information about blood cells and their parameters. It measures red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count with differential, platelet count, and red blood cell indices. Abnormal CBC results can indicate various health conditions, such as anemia, infection, bleeding disorders, and cancer. The CBC is an important test that provides valuable information about a person's overall health status.
Blood and hematopoietic system
Blood is essential to life. Blood circulates through our body and delivers essential substances like oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells. It also transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. There is no substitute for blood. It cannot be made or manufactured. Generous blood donors are the only source of blood for patients in need of a blood transfusion.
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Amali darah
- 1. Lab Activity 22 Blood Institut Pendidikan Guru Malaysia PJM3106
- 2. Erythrocyte
- 5. Sickle Cell
- 19. Platelets Megakaryocytes Platelet
- 29. Not Possible Not Possible Possible Possible
- 31. The End The End