This presentation covers on complete blood cells count and it's differentials. Starting with RBC count, WBC count and Platelets interpretation as a whole.
This presentation covers on complete blood cells count and it's differentials. Starting with RBC count, WBC count and Platelets interpretation as a whole.
Full Blood Count (FBC) Interpretation.pptxDicksonGamor
This presentation on full blood count(FBC) takes a deep dive into help you interpret any given FBC results. The presentation provides you with requisite explanations on the various FBC parameters. It also gives you possible conditions in which various parameters are affected. By going through this slides you will be able to diagnose various conditions such as Anemias.
It is also called as complete blood picture/complete blood count(CBP/CBC)
The FBC assesses several different parameters and can provide a great deal of information.
The red cell variables will determine whether or not the patient is anaemic. If anaemia is present the MCV is likely to provide clues as to the cause of the anaemia.
The white cells are often raised in infection neutrophilia in bacterial infections and lymphocytosis in viral (but not always so).
Platelets (size or number) may be abnormal either as a direct effect of underlying blood disease.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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2. CBC COUNT
The complete blood count is an investigation that gives
important information about different blood cells,
mainly focuses on RBCs, WBCs, platelets and their
parameters.
3. COMPONENTS OF CBC
► Hematocrit (Hct)
► Hemoglobin (Hbg)
► Red blood cell count (RBC or erythrocyte count)
► RBC INDICES
► Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
► Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
► Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
► White blood cell count (WBC or Leukocyte count)
► WBC differential count
► Platelet count
5. Blood
Is a specialized body fluid 55% of blood consist of plasma
and 45% consist of red blood cells, white blood cells,
and platelets. about 5 liters of blood in the average human adult
body,
Blood has many different functions, including: transporting
oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues. forming blood
clots to prevent excess blood loss.
7. Red blood cells
Erythrocyte, biconcave disks, diameter is about 7-8 µm. They lack
a cell nucleus and organelles, to accommodate maximum space for
hemoglobin, Approximately 84% of the cells in the human body are
20–30 trillion red blood cells
A normal RBC count would be around:
men – 4.0 to 5.9 x 10*12/L
women – 3.8 to 5.2 x 10*12/L
8. Low RBC count
1. Iron deficiency anaemia
2. B12 or folate deficiency
3. Bleeding
4. kidney disease
5. malnutrition
6. Pregnancy
High level of RBC
1. Smoking
2. Heart disease
3. Dehydration for example, from severe diarrhoea)
4. Low blood oxygen levels (hypoxia)
5. Pulmonary fibrosis (a lung condition that causes scarring of the lungs)
6. Polycythemia vera, a bone marrow disease that causes too many red blood
cells to be made
7. Kidney cancer
9. HEMOGLOBIN (hbg)
Hemoglobin molecules fill up the RBCs a carries oxygen giving
RBCs a red color. Each human red blood cell contains
approximately 270 million hemoglobin molecules
• Male :13.8 to 17.2 (g/dL)
• Female: 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL
10. • MCV Shows the Size of RBC Normal range 82-98 fl
• MCH mass of hemoglobin per RBC Normal range 27-31 pl
• MCHC Concentration of hemoglobin Normal range 32-36 g/dl
• RDW red cell distribution width test measures the differences in the
volume of red blood cells normal ranges from 12 - 15%,
11. Hematocrit
Hematocrit is the percentage by volume of red cells in blood.
Men normal range 41%-50%.
Women normal range 36%-44%.
12. White blood cells 12 to 15 µm in diamete represent major roles in immunity
(as humoral and adaptive immune cells), the main roles of WBC are phagocytes
and ingesting harmful antigens they collect at the site of infection and prevent the
spread of the infection and then producing antibodies to the specific antigen by
Lymphocytes.
White blood cells
13. Normal range of total leukocyte count TLC
At birth (newborn) 10,000-25,000 cell/µl of blood
2 week to 1 year 6000-16,000 cell/µl
Adults 4000-11,000 cell/µl of blood
Pregnant 5000-13000 cell/µl
Leucopenia TLC < 4000/µL
1. Infections by non-pyogenic organisms (typhoid fever)
2. Viral infections influenza, smallpox
3. Protozoal infections
4. Starvation & malnutrition
5. Aplasia of bone marrow
14. Leukocytosis TLC > 11,000/µL
Neutrophilia is associated with age, infections, and inflammation.
Eosinophilia is associated with allergies and parasites.
Basophilia is associated with leukemia.
Lymphocytosis is associated with viral infections and leukemia.
Monocytosis is associated with infections and cancer.
15. Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils
Normal range 60% 3 % Rarest 0-1%
Nucleus 2-5 lobes
Dark purple
Bilobed
blue
2-3 lobes
purple
Cell size 12-14µm 10-14µm 10-12 µm
Cytoplasm pale pink bright pink blue
Granules reddish red dark purple
Roles infection Allergic, parasitic infections Later stages of reaction
to allergies and parasite
Life span 2-5 days 7-12 days 12-15 days
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Granulocytes)
16. Monocytes Lymphocytes
Normal range 6% 30%
Nucleus round or oval
Dark purple
large round nucleus
purple
Cell size 15-20µm 12-16µm
Cytoplasm sky blue blue
differentiate into
tissue macrophages
or dendritic cells
T cells (CD8+ ) attack foreign cells
B cells differentiate into plasma cells which secrete
antibodies
lifespan ½-1 day 2-5 days
Mononuclear leukocytes (A granulocytes)
17. White blood cells represent major roles in immunity (as humoral and adaptive
immune cells), the main roles of WBC are phagocytes and ingesting harmful
antigens they collect at the site of infection and prevent the spread of the infection
and then producing antibodies to the specific antigen by Lymphocytes.
Platelet
18. Platelets
Thrombocytes, are small, colorless cell fragments in our blood that form clots and stop or prevent
bleeding. 12 fl cell size and level 130,000 -400,000 cell/microliter
19. PLATELET COUNT
► Increased in
► Bleeding
► Iron deficiency
► Cancer
► Decreased in
► Vitamin deficiency
► Viral infection
► Aplastic anemia
20.
21. • PCT plateletcrit Volume occupied by platelets in the blood normal rang 0.01 -9.99%
• MPV mean platelet volume normal rang 6.5 -11 fl
• PDW platelet distribution width normal rang 0.1 – 30 fl
• Platelet larger cell ratio (P-LCR) normal rang 0.1 – 99.9
• Platelet Large Cell Count (P-LCC) normal rang 1-999 fl
22. Bleeding time
it is assessed what the rapidness with which the blood can clot and it can stop bleeding is. In this
test, a small puncture is made in the skin of the person. By performing this test, it can be easily
determined the way in which the platelets work together to form clots. Normal range 1-9 minutes
23. Prothrombin time (PT)
clotting time Clotting time is the time taken for blood to clot in a person. Clotting factors determine
the clotting time in a person. Thus blood clotting factors play an important role in bleeding and
clotting. blood to clot is about Normal range 2-6 minute