The document discusses various alternative systems of medicine, primarily focusing on Ayurveda, Homeopathy, and Unani. It outlines their definitions, principles, treatment methods, and drug formulations, emphasizing natural and holistic approaches to healing. Additionally, it highlights the significance of maintaining balance in bodily elements and the use of specific remedies tailored to individual patient symptoms.

1. Alternative system of medicine
Ravish Yadav
Ayurvedic, homeopathy, unani,
yoga, sujog, sidhha, naturopath,
acupuncture

2. INTRODUCTION: Traditional System of Medicine
There are so many alternative ways of treatment in whole
world other than allopathy, which serve humanity for
curing diseases & ailments that comes under the
alternative system of health care .
Definition:
• ‘‘Those pathies which are widely used for the treatment of
diseases in very natural way other than allopathy is known
as alternative medicine of treatment also know as
traditional system of medicine or CAMP’’

3. The process of treatment of these alternative medicine
includes
• ancient types of procedure,
• have there unique features
• unique ways of treatment of different diseases,
• unique principles & laws which they follow & also unique
medicine, those totally different from allopathic medicine.

4. IN INDIA
• There are some pathies of alternative medicine which are widely
used for treatment now a days
include:-
• 1. Ayurvedic
• 2. Homoeopathy
• 3. Unani
• 4. Yoga
• 5. Sujok
• 6. Siddha
• 7. Naturopathy
• 8. Acupressure & Acupuncture.

5. Ayurvedic system of medicine
Definition
• The term “ Ayurveda” is derived from two Sanskrit words ,
Ayur and Veda .
• Ayur means life and Veda means knowledge or science.
• Therefore Ayurveda means science of life or way of life.
• Besides, dealing with principles for maintenance of health ,
it as also developed a wide range therapeutic measures to
combat illness.

6. Principle
• According to Ayurveda, health is defined as the balanced
state of tridoshas, that is vata, pitta and kapha in the body.
• This balanced state is responsible for the normal physiology
of the body and health conditions of the mind.
• Ayurveda is based on the three fundamentals principles:
1. Panchamahabhuta Siddhanta
2. Trodosha siddhanta
3. Guna- Rasa- Virya- Vipaka- Prabhav Siddhanta

7. 1. Panchamahabhuta Siddhanta: According to Ayurveda,
the whole universe is made up of five basic elements (
Pancha mahabuthas)
• In other words, these five elements together form the
basis of all matter. The five elements are – Akasha (ether,
void), Vayu ( air), Agni (fire), Jala (water), Prithvi (earth)
• There is a balanced condensation of these elements in
different proportions to suit the needs and requirements
of different structures and functions of the body matrix
and its parts.
• The health or sickness depends on the presence or
absence of a balanced state of the total body matrix
including the balance between its different constituents .
• The properties , location and manifestations of these
elements are as follows

8. • Ether (akasha) is non resistance, is considered as
vacuoles and pores responsible for transportation of
nutritional elements.
• Air is related to movements, vibrations and oscillations.
They manifests movement of muscles, pulsation of heart,
expansion and contraction of lungs (respiration),
functioning of digestive and nervous systems.
• Fire concerned with heat and energy, it manifests
digestion, metabolism, temperature, vision and
intelligence.
• Water maintains liquidity, moisture and lubrication.
Located in cytoplasm, blood, salivary glands, gastric juice.

9. 2. Tridosha siddhanta
• The five elements combine to form “ Tri Doshas” i.e Vata, Pitta,
and Kapha. They are the “ Basic Forces ’’ and also known as the “
Pillars of Life”
• Vata (Air principle) the elements akasha (ether) and vayu (air)
• Pitta (Fire principle) the elements fire and water
• Kapha ( Water principle) the elements earth and water
• According to the Ayurveda , sickness is due to the imbalance of
any one or more of the three doshas.
• Eg: Aggravation of Pitta leads to indigestion, skin diseases and
liver problems.
• These three doshas, vata, pitta, and kapha have been individually
divided into five types, depending upon their function and
working area in the body.

10. 3. Rasa- Guna- Virya- Vipaka- Prabhava
Siddhanta
• This theory deals with nature of dravya (drug substance).
• The five important pharmacological principles of dravya
(drug substance) are the rasa (therapeutically active
agent), guna (quality), virya (an active principles by which
the potency is characterized), vipaka (the end product of
digestion) and the prabhav (the actual therapeutic activity
of the drug in the individual)
• These five principles are the panchsheel (five pillars) of
ayurvedic therapeutics which covers the entire range of
diseases both of internal characters and external origin

11. Diagnosis
• In Ayurveda diagnosis is always done of the patient as
whole.
• Diagnosis is carried out to find out which dosha is
aggravated. For this purpose , nadi (Pulse), tongue ,
skin, physical features, stool, urine etc are examined.
Treatment
• The importance of treatment is to restore the balance and
harmony of doshas with proper diet and drugs
• The charak samhita describes the chikitsa stana as most
important part of therapeutics which deals with the
treatment. Astanga ayurveda deals with the eight
branches of treatment such as kayachikista,
shalakchikista, rasayan chikista etc,.

12. • The classification of the medicines used for the treatment
depends upon the consistency of the drugs. The medicine
may be a powder, tablet, semisolid or liquid. Some
important types of each class are given in table 1:
Table 1. Types of drug formulation in Ayurveda
Powders Liquids Semisolids Tablets
Bhasma
Churna
Kshar
Madhur
satva
Arista
Arka
Asava
Kwath
taila
Avaleha
Ghrita
Kalka
Gutika
Vati
Vatika

13. Some important Ayurvedic drugs along with their specific uses is
given in table 2
Table 2: Important Ayurvedic drugs and their uses
Ayurvedic drug Name of crude
drug
Types of
formulation
Uses in
Arjunarishta Arjuna bark Arishta Heart diseases
Ashwagandha
churna
Ashwagandha
stem
Churna Adaptogenic
diseases
Chirayata arka Chirata stem
&branches
Arka In fever
Adulsa kshar Vasaka leaves Kshar In cough
Shankhapushpi
sharabat
Shakhapushpi
hearb
Sharabat Memory tonic

14. HOMEOPATHY SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
• Homeopathy is relatively a recent system of medicine.
The word “ Homeopathy” is derived from two Greek words
,
• Homois meaning similar and pathos meaning suffering.
• Homeopathy simply means treating diseases with
remedies, prescribed in minute doses, which are capable
of producing symptoms similar to the disease when they
taken by the healthy people. It is based on the natural law
of healing. “Similia Similibus Curantur ” which means
“Likes are cured by likes”
• ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT
• Homoeopathy is a system of medical treatment introduced
by Dr. Samual Hahnemann, a German physician.

15. Principle
• The basic principle is.. cause of the disease itself can be
its treatment i.e. Law of similar.
• According to Hahnemann, diseases are congenital and
caused by gene mutations.
• Toxic or poisonous substances are called Miasms are
responsible for gene mutation
• Miasms are of three types
• Psora
• Psychosis
• Syphilis
• These exist in a suppressed or sleeping state in a person.
As long as they are in that state, the person does not
suffer from diseases due to resistance power.

16. • If any one of them stimulated , then the person loses his
resistance power and suffers from diseases related to it.
Therefore , Homeopathy is called a Genetic medicine
• Treatment
• The treatment is based on he concept of proving and
prover
• Prover – The healthy person
• Proving – The symptoms (Physical, mental, emotional
changes) that are caused by the various potencies of
medicines in prover.

17. • For the treatment , the symptoms of the drug are
compared with the symptoms of the patient. In other
words the selection of the drug depends upon the
symptoms of the drug and patient condition.

18. Sources of homeopathic drugs
• Sources of homeopathic drugs are not only plants,
animals, and minerals but also some uncommon sources.
as many as six different sources are mentioned in table 3
Table 3 sources of Homeopathic drugs
Plant kingdom Various morphological parts of plants and fungi
etc.
Animal kingdom Secretion, saliva, poisons, and whole animals,
etc.
Minerals and chemicals Inorganic salts, nonmetals, acids and mixtures
Sarcodes Protoplasm of animals, hormonal secretions
etc.
Nosodes Products of causative agents, diseased tissues,
bacterial and viral products etc.

19. Important homeopathic drugs and their
uses
Ailium cepa (Garlic) Allergies and hey fever
Apis (crushed bees preparation) Inflammatiom
Arnica spp. Aches, pain
Atropa belladona (Belladona) Headache, fever
Rauwolfia Hypertension
Urtica urens (Nettle) Burn traetment
Calendula (Marigold) Antiseptic
Borax Ulcers
Equisetum Urinary tract infection

20. •The Unani System of Medicine has a long
and impressive record in India.
•It was introduced in India by the Arabs and
Persians sometime around the eleventh
century.
•Today, India is one of the leading countries
in so for as the practice of Unani medicine
is concerned.
•It has the largest number of Unani
educational, research and health care
institutions.

21. Origin & Development of Unani System
• Unani system originated in Greece
• Hakim Ajmal Khan IS UNANI physician but also one of the
foremost freedom fighters in the country. He established an
Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College and Hindustani Dawakhana
– a pharmaceutical company – for Ayurvedic and Unani
medicine in Delhi in 1916.

22. Principles & Concepts
• Unani system of medicine is based on the Hippocratic theory of
four humours and Pythagorian theory of four proximate qualities .
• The Hippocrates theory of four humours include blood, phlegm,
yellow bile and black bile which are the first products of digestion,
regulate the functions of the body.
• The Pythagorian theory of four proximate qualities or states of
matter includes cold, hot, wet, dry which are in releation to human
body.
•

23. • After mixing and interaction of four elements a new
compound having new temperament exist. i.e Hot wet
(air), hot dry (fire), cold wet (water), and cold and dry.
(earth).
• According to Unani system of medicine, these four
qualities are inherent in elements and their interaction with
each other gives rise to the quality of the person know as
temperment or Mizaj.
• The nine types of temperaments include four qualities,
their four combinations and equable (motadi) as the ninth
one
• As per the temperaments, personalities are described as
hot, cold, dry and wet

24. • Health is described as the primary state in which four humours are
present in correct proportion
• The cause of the disease is believed to be due to deficiency of
humours and disturbances in the balance of humours.
• Diagnosis:
• The Diagnostic process in Unani system is dependent on
observation and physical examination.
• Diagnosis involves investigating the causes of disease thoroughly
and in detail. For this, the physicians depend mainly on pulse
reading and examination of urine and stool.

25. Strenght of Unani
•Unani system of Medicine has very
remarkable strength in the following
disorders:
•Skin disorders
•Digestive disorders
•Mental disorders
•Sexual disorders
•Gynecological disorders
•Neurological disorders

26. Various Unani forms of drugs
Preparation Drug character Uses
Sharbat Aqueous concentration
with sugar
Oral drinks
Mazoom Powder drug and honey
Jawarish Concentrated Mazoom Stomach infections
Araq Distilled aromatic waters Digestion aids
Kohal Surma Eye remedies
Joshanda Decoctions Internal administration