2. Content
Introduction
What is Biodiesel?
Benefits of Biodiesel
Environmental Issues
Problems brought by Biodiesel
Biodiesel Samples
Biodiesel Background
The Future of Biodiesel
Conclusion
References
3. Introduction
Biodiesel can be operated in any diesel engine with little
or no impact to the fuel system.
Biodiesel has a solvent effect which may release deposits
accumulated on tank walls and pipes from previous diesel
fuel storage.
The release of deposits may clog filters.
Biodiesel can be used as a pure fuel or blended with
petroleum in any ratio.
4. What is Biodiesel?
Alternative fuel for diesel engines
Made from vegetable oil or animal fat
Meets health effect testing (CAA)
Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), Safer
Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.
Chemically, biodiesel molecules are mono-alkyl esters
produced usually from triglyceride esters
Fatty Acid
Alcohol
Glycerin
Vegetable Oil
Biodiesel
FA
FA
FA
FA
5. Biodiesel can be used in
existing Diesel Engines
Pure Biodiesel (B100) or blended with petroleum
diesel (B20, BXX).
Rudolf Diesel: peanut oil.
Little or no engine modifications
Use existing fuel distribution network.
Available now
6. Benefits of Biodiesel
- High cetane number (average 45,8-56,9 units)
- High flash point (above +100)
- Good lubricating property
- Absence of sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons
- Low toxicity of emissions
- Virtually complete biodegradability (99%
biodiesel are destroyed in water or soil for 28 days)
- Zero balance of greenhouse gases
6
7. Environmental Issues
Burning fossil fuels increases atmospheric levels of
carbon dioxide
Fossil fuels are a finite resource
30% Increase
Graph taken from USF Oceanography webpage
8. Problems brought by Biodiesel
• Certain biodiesel gels easily under cold
temperature
• Deforestation for plantation
• Degrades rubber in old cars
• Synthetic rubbers that are resistant
10. Biodiesel Challenges
Cold Weather Operation (Chemistry)
Producing enough feedstock oil to replace a large
portion of petroleum (biology, chemistry, physics,
economics)
Engine and emissions optimization (chemistry,
physics)
11. Biodiesel Background
Four main production
methods
Direct use and blending
Micro emulsions
Thermal cracking
Transesterification
Transesterification
Most common
production method
Uses vegetable oils and
animal fats as feed
stocks
The reaction of a fat or
oil with an alcohol to
form esters (biodiesel)
and glycerol
12. The Future of Biodiesel
Should be considered for use as an alternative and not a primary fuel
Short and long term environmental benefits will be worthwhile
Storage Issues with Stability and Transportation issues with high cost
of delivered fuel compared to fossil fuels
Fuel-supply reliability
Lack of understanding of environmental impact - NOx emissions
Complexity of biomass-power infrastructure compared to known well
established coal and natural gas markets
13. Conclusion
Biodiesel is eco-friendly.
Biodiesel is clean burning alternative fuel.
Biodiesel contain no petroleum, but can be blended
with conventional diesel fuel.
These fuel can be used in any diesel engine without
any modification.
Biodiesel is degradable , non toxic and free from
sulphur and lead.