BIO DIESEL

2. • RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES: Renewable energy is energy that
has been derived from earth's natural resources that are not finite or
exhaustible,a journey to Infinity are termed as Renewable Energy
Sources.
• BIOFUEL : Biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary
biological processes rather than a fuel produced by geological processes
over long period of time (like fossil fuels produced from prehistoric
biological matter),Biodiesel's physical properties are similar to those of
petroleum diesel.

3. ●In May 2018, Union Government of India approved the National Biofuel
Policy to encourage sustainable and alternative fuels and also to cut down
its dependence on imports of fossil fuel oils. In August 2018, India has
joined elite group of countries (others being US, Canada and Australia)
that operate biofuel powered flights.
●Aviation sector is one of the largest emitters of Green House Gas
worldwide (at 2% of the total human induced GHG emissions). So, the
sector’s transition to sustainable and renewable fuels is crucial to meet
international climate targets as said in 2015 Paris Agreement.
● It is said that net Carbon emissions in using biofuel is very low (as the
CO2 produced in burning the fuel is neutralized by CO2 used in growing
plants for biofuels in there photosynthesis process). So it is a good
alternative to Aviation Turbine Fuel.Also, Biofuel is said to increase the
fuel efficiency

4. • The Biofuel used to fly the aircraft
of Spice Jet from Dehradun to Delhi
was developed by Indian Institute
of Petroleum, Dehradun using
Jatropha plant seeds.Farmers from
Chhattisgarh were involved in
growing the plants.

5. :- It is conventional biofuel derived from food crops
grown on arable land. Biodiesel or Ethanol is obtained by
transesterification/ fermentation of sugar, starch or vegetable oil. It is a
clean has and is widely used in Brazil to run vehicles.
:- These are advanced biofuel manufactured by
chemical and physical treatments of biomass. Feedstock like Jatropha,
Soyabeans, Rapseed, animal fats, etc are used.
:- It uses Algae as a source of energy.
- It includes electrofuel and photobiological solar
fuel. They do not require destruction of biomass.

8. • This Project deals with the study of the potential substitution of Olive oil
methyl ester (OME) blends for diesel as fuel for automobiles and other
industrial purposes. Biodiesel was prepared from the Olive oil by
transesterification with methanol in the presence of NaOH or KOH as
catalyst.
• The objective of this study is the analysis of the performance and
emission characteristics of the olive oil and comparing with petroleum
diesel. The tests were carried out on a single cylinder, direct injection,
Water-cooled diesel engine. The fuel properties of olive oil and its blend
with diesel fuel from 10% to 40% by volume are studied by using
results. Engine tests have been carried out with the aim of obtaining
comparative measures of Brake power, specific fuel consumption,
brake thermal efficiency and emissions such as CO2, CO, HC, O2 and
NOX to evaluate and compute the behaviour of the diesel engine.

10. Olive oil

11. Motor Heater Thermostat
Stirrer Thermometer Glass beakers Potentiometer

12. METHANOL: 100ml
CATALYST(NaOH): 1.94 gm
NAOH(CATALYST) +

13. ▪MOTOR
TYPE:12 V DC
SPEED : 500RPM
TORQUE : 2 KG-CM
▪HEATER
POWER : 6000 W
▪THERMOSTAT
RANGE : 30-1100C
▪THERMOMETER
RANGE: -10 TO 2500C
▪GLASS BEAKERS
CAPACITY : 1LITRE
▪POTENTIOMETER
Range : 0 to 220 v.

15.  Initially, take Olive oil (500ml) in a beaker.
Heat the oil for about 60 min at 54˚c.
Now mix the NaOH pellets (1.9grams) with methanol (100ml) in a beaker and allow it to
dissolve.
Now dissolve the solution slowly in heated oil and stir it continuously, until they mix each
other.

16.  Separate the oil from the glycerin.
 Obtained oil is treated with water, so that soap bubbles are removed.
 This process is repeated for 4-5 times.
 Now again this solution is heated about 105°c.
 Finally, biofuel is obtained.

17. ►
Initially, 1.9g of NaOH (catalyst)
is blended with100ml of
methanol then this solution is
added to Olive oil (500ml) and
heated with the help of heating
setup about 55°-58°C.
During heating ,place a
thermometer in the oil for
knowing the temperature of oil.
Heat the oil until glycerin is
formed.

18. ►
After heating, glycerin is formed
at the bottom and then we have
to separate the oil and glycerin.

19. ►
Treating the oil with water to
remove soap bubbles form.

20. ►
After separation of bubbles formation then heat
the oil to remove the water content from the oil
about (110°C).

21. COMPARISION OF PROPERTIES OF BIO DIESEL FROM JULIFLORA OIL
(B100),B10,B20,B30,B40 WITH STANDARD BIO DIESEL
Olive
oil

22. The setup enables study of engine
performance for brake power,
indicated power, frictional power,
BMEP, IMEP, brake thermal efficiency,
indicated thermal efficiency,
Mechanical efficiency, volumetric
efficiency, specific fuel consumption,
A/F ratio.

23. •Online measurements and performance analysis
•PΘ-PV plots, performance plots and tabulated results
•Data logging, editing, printing and export
•Configurable graphs
•IP, IMEP, FP indication
•Combustion analysis
•Valve timing diagram study

24.  B-0 blend means 0% of biodiesel and 100% of pure diesel
 B-10 blend means 10% of biodiesel and 90% of pure diesel
 B-20 blend means 20% of biodiesel and 80% of pure diesel
 B-30 blend means 30% of biodiesel and 70% of pure diesel
 B-40 blend means 40% of biodiesel and 60% of pure diesel

25. • Load acting .
•Time taken for 20 grams fuel consumption in seconds(t).
•Manometer reading (cm).
•Inlet & Exhaust temperature of air.
•Emission values (CO2, CO, HC, NOx).
•The experiment is repeated for different loads.
•All the above values are noted for different blends.

28. NOx
Brake Power KW
Brake Power vs NOx
DIESEL
B10 JFME
B20 JFME
B30 JFME
B40 JFME
Brake
Thermal
Efficiency
Brake Power KW
Brake Power vs Brake Thermal Efficiency
DIESEL
B10 JFME
B20 JFME
B30 JFME
B40 JFME

29. A research has been conducted regarding use of vegetable oils as fuel.
So many journals are available on this context. Many of them conducted
various tests on it such as using it as alternate fuel source etc. Some of
them conducted tests and found the best configuration to arrange the
setup based on those test results and trial and error methods. The
following are the that are related to the project.
● “Biodiesel production from palm oil” by G. Lakshmi Narayana Rao
→Palm oil was transesterified using NaOH as catalyst and methanol to
form biodiesel. The conversion was 92% at 60◦c.

30. ● “Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil by Alkali
Catalysed Transesterification Process” by Venkata Ramesh
Mamilla, G. Lakshmi Narayana Rao and G.Deepa Lakshmi
→Bio Diesel was prepared from used vegetable oil, the properties
resembled closely to that of commercial Diesel. Hence it can be used
as an alternate for diesel. It is relatively economic than diesel and emits
less pollutants. It can be used for Vehicular use, Railway usage, as
heating oil when blended with other fuel oil in proportion.