Antihypertensives | Classes of Drugs | Baro ReceptorChetan Prakash
This Presentation provides a knowledge about Antihypertensives, types of blood pressure, hypertension types, normal blood pressure regulation, baro receptors, classes of antihypertensive drugs,recent discovery on hypertension. This is an assignment for the subject, Advanced Pharmacology-I, 1st year M.Pharm, 1st semester.
inotropic drugs and vassopressors drugs.pptxAhmed638947
this presentation is toalking about the Sympathomimetic drugs which are agents which in general mimic responses due to stimulation of sympathetic nerves.
These agents are able to directly activate adrenergic receptors or to indirectly activate them by increasing norepinephrine and epinephrine (mediators of the sympathoadrenal system) levels.
These drugs are used clinically to treat glaucoma, anaphylactic shock, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypotension, hypertension, heart failure, nasal congestion, premature labor, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and acute or chronic asthma. The α or β adrenergic antagonists block or attenuate the effect of sympathomimetics on α or β receptors. Alpha blockers are used clinically to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Beta blockers are used clinically to treat ischemic heart disease, essential hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, surgical removal of pheochromocytoma, nonparkinsonian tremor, migraine headache (prophylaxis), and a wide variety of anxiety situations.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
7. Prostrate:
Prostrate & lower urinary tract exhibit high
proportion of α 1a receptors.
α 1 receptor blockers alleviate some symptoms
of BPH
Antagonism of α 1 receptors permits relaxation
of smooth muscles of prostrate & neck &
bladder.
Decreased resistance to urine outflow.
8. Phentolamine:
Potent competetive antagonist at α 1 & α 2
receptors.
Cardiac stimulation d/t antagonism of
presynaptic α 2 receptors.
Minor inhibitory effects at serotonin
receptors, agonist effects at muscarinic & H1
& H2 histamine receptors.
Adverse effects: severe tachycardia,
arrhythmias & myocardial ischemia.
9. Phenoxybenzamine:
Binds covalently to α receptors l/t irreversible
blockade of long duration (14-48 hrs).
Inhibits reuptake of released NE by presynaptic
adrenergic nerve terminals.
Blocks H1, Ach & serotonin receptors.
Attenuation of catecholamine induced
vasoconstriction.
Reduces blood pressure when sympathetic tone
is high.
10. Cardiac output may increase: reflex effects
& some blockade of presynaptic receptors in
cardiac sympathetic nerves.
Major therapeutic use: pheochromocytoma.
Adverse effects: orthostatic hypotension &
tachycardia.
Nasal stuffiness & inhibition of ejaculation.
11. Prazosin:
Piperazinyl quinazoline with ~ 1000 fold
greater affinity for α 1 than α 2 receptors in
arterioles & veins.
Relatively potent inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide
phosphodiesterases.
Leads to fall in peripheral vascular resistance
& venous return without increasing heart rate.
Does not promote release of NE from
sympathetic nerve endings in heart.
Appears to depress baroreflex function in
hypertensive patients
Relaxes smooth muscles in prostrate
12. Favorable effects on serum lipids: decreases
LDL & triglycerides. Increases HDL
concentrations
Well absorbed after oral absorption.
Bioavailability ~ 50~70%.
Tightly bound to plasma proteins.
Peak plasma concentration 1-3 hrs.
Extensively metabolized in liver; plasma half
life 1~3hrs.
Duration of antihypertensive action 7-10 hrs.
Marked postural hypotension (first dose
phenomenon)
13. Terazosin & Doxazosin:
Structural analogs of prazosin, highly
selective for α 1 receptors.
Longer half life & duration of action than
prazosin (Terazosin t1/2~ 12 hrs, DOA- 18 hrs;
Doxazosin t1/2~ 20 hrs, DOA- 36 hrs)
Induce apoptosis in prostrate smooth muscles.
May lessen symptoms associated with chronic
BPH by limiting cell proliferation.
14. Tamsulosin & Silodosin:
Selective α 1a receptor antagonists.
Tamsulosin: relatively greater potency inhibiting
prostrate smooth muscle versus vascular smooth
muscle.
Tamsulosin: well absorbed, high bioavailability,
extensively metabolized by CYPs, t1/2 5-10 hrs.
A/E: Retrograde ejaculation, IFIS in patients
undergoing cataract operation (billowing of
flaccid iris, propensity for iris prolapse,
progressive intraoperative pupillary constriction
Silodosin: Weaker longer acting analog of
Tamsulosin
