Allocation of funds in 1st four 5 year development programs

1. Topic: overview of 1st Four Developmental plan w.r.t Education
(Allocation of funds+ Targets)
Allocation of Funds In 1st Four 5 Year development Programs
subsectors 1st
(Total: 581
million…..6.2%)
2nd
(Total: 1423
Million…7.5%)
3rd
(Total: 2674
Million)
4th
(Total: 3665
Million)
Primary
Education
18% 14.7% 13.6% 14.6%
Secondary
Education
26.7% 16.7% 20.8% 18.4%
Teacher
education
6.6% 4.7% 3.5% 4%
Technical
Education
8.8% 15.6% 26% 25.2% (engg.
College &
Universities also
included)
College &
Universities
28.1% 23% 19.3% 19.3%
Scholarships 0.9% 10.8% 7.1% 7.3%
Scientific &
Industrial
Research
9.1% 6.8% - -
Social &
Cultural
Activities
1.8% 3.6% - -

2. Miscellaneous - 4.1% 9.7% 11.2%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100%
Primary Education
1st
: Existing Schools would be improved.
 Approx. 4500 new ones to be opened.
 The %age of primary schools teachers would be increased from 65% to
85%.
 The Main Aim was to Increase the enrollment rate in primary school by
decreasing drop-out rate.
 But by the End of plan Period, Actual enrollment was 440,000 instead of
anticipated increase in one million.
2nd
: Universalization of Primary Education.
 4,689 new primary school added.
 Enrollment rate increase at 690,000
 The participation rate increased from 36 % to 45%
3rd
: Increase newly added schools
 Increase enrollment rate
 This affect the quality of education …because adequate supply of qualified
teachers.
 A slight improvement in participation as well as retention rate was achieved
(Participation rate: 45-46 % & Retention rate: 50-55%)
4th:
 Primary education was announced to be free & universalized.
 The target of universal primary education was set to be achieved by 1973,
But due to Financial Constraints the new targets date was fixed at 1979 for
boys & 1989 for Girls.
 Free Books
 1300 new schools open against the Target of 38000.

3. Secondary Education
1st
: The aim was to develop multi-purpose secondary school to give students the
sense of pride in their culture & history, technical & commercial knowledge.
 Accordingly to plan some primary school were planned to be up-graded to
the level of primary school.
 Existing school to be strengthened & 75 new schools to be established.
2nd:
 Various measures were taken to strengthen secondary education.
 Science education was extended to classes IX & X.
 New Pilot school & Model schools were opened to diversified curricula like
industrial arts, agriculture & home economics.
 Curricula were improved & modernized.
 New school added.
 Additional enrollment in the sec. schools was about 100,000 But this only
23 % of the Target.
3rd:
 Expansion of science Education.
 Expansion of new school & colleges.
 Diversification of course was continued & new comprehensive schools were
established to provide a wide range of subjects especially in science fields.
 This program reviewed a serious setback because the enrollment of science
students…increased by about 100% by the big problem was the non-
availability of adequately qualified teacher science & technology.
 Similarly, the Pilot secondary school introduced…..due to this
comprehensive school lost their identity & innovation after becoming the
part of general stream of secondary education.

4. 4th
: proposal were made to expand enrollment in science & to keep the enrollment
in Arts constant at 60-70%.
 In 1975 only 17% of the relevant age group(10-14 years) attended secondary
level education. i.e. 27% boys & 6% girls.
 This Low rate of enrollment was probably due to two reasons.
1. Disparity in the educational facilities b/w Rural & Urban Areas.
2. Impediments to the flow of students from primary to secondary level.
 Diversified curricula in agro-technical & commercial education.
 More emphasis on technical education.
Higher Education
1st
:
 Teacher Training for college improvement.
 Scholarships…to facilitate students at higher level.
2nd: significant advances were made in physical facilities such as; buildings,
equipment, laboratories etc.
 Concentrate on teaching & research activities.
 10 new colleges were opened.
 The duration of agriculture & engineering education was extended to 6 & 4
year after X & XII respectively.
 The duration of the first degree program in general field of education was
also extended to 3 years….But the proposal was dropped by the government
as a result of public outcry & strong protest & demonstration from the
students.
 New dept., IER, Equipment center & a Bureau of Education were also
established.
3rd: At higher level, special colleges of science were started in some fields.
 New doctoral programs were started in some fields.
 New department were opened.

5. 4th: The area of higher education received much attendance.
 The facilities at university level were also expanded.
 New university are opened at the end of 1970…..this number is almost
double.
 AIOU
 Revision of universities ordinance
 Growth in student’s enrolment is….5% Arts & 10% Science.
 Center of Excellence & Area study center were established.
 Proposal were made to decrease enrolment in Arts subjects from 60-30% &
to expand enrollment in Technical & science subjects by 40 & 30 5
respectively at college level.
 UGC
 National institute of modern languages at federal level.
 National institute of Psychology at federal level.
 Semester system adopted in universities in 1976…..but later abolished in
early 18’s……but this is not accepted due to malpractice of teachers.
Technical education
1st
:
 Training within industry
 2 poly technics established.
 Main Aim to produce 650 graduates engineering & 950 qualified
engineering technicians per year.
2nd:
 Improve and expand technical education.
 Board of technical education was setup.
 New polytechnic+ technic & commercial institute were opened.
 Engineering college in Lahore upgraded to Engineering University & post
graduate studies in civil, mechanical & electrical engg. Were introduced.
 Enrollment at degree level was increased by 1630 & at diploma level by
4100.

6. 3rd:
 Large expand in technical edu. 24 % of total expenditure of education.
 But low progress in this field due to Lack of contribution the private
sector.
 Progress in engg. Edu. At university level remains very slow.
(In 4th
development program there is no charter for Technical education)
Teacher education
1st:
 Existing schools will be improved.
 Teacher training institutes will be opened. (25 for Primary teachers & 2 for
secondary teachers )
 2 new colleges were opened.
 Education extension center were also planned to provide refresher
courses….But unluckily the plan was delayed until 1957.
2nd: Almost the whole target set for teacher education….which was almost
achieved by the end of the plan period.
 Education extension center open for in-service & also for pre-service
trainings of teachers.
3rd: The number of primary teachers rose from 1, 84000 to at least 3, 50000.
 In-service training & research facilities were also offered to get better
quality of teaching methodologies.
4th: Quality of training programs was enhanced.
 Additional educational courses were added at Matriculation level to provide
more primary level teachers.
 Subject of “Education” was introduced at secondary, Inter & at degree level.

7. Additional Reforms in developmental Plans
In 2nd
Plan:
 Implementation & Evaluation cell established.
 Co-ordination b/w dept. of Education & the Federal Ministry was
improved.
 Establishes National Book Centre.
 Establishes Bureau of Education.
 Establishes Text Book Board.
In 3rd
Plan:
 Scholarships funds will increase from 42,000 to 70,000
In 4th
plan:
 Higher education upgraded in universities level…. & colleges were
opened at tehsil level.
 Nationalization:-
o Nationalization of the private institutions is started…78
colleges in Punjab & 100 in Sindh & 1600 school were
nationalized.
 Curriculum & Text book
o Make Curriculum & text books to achieve National cohesion &
harmony among all the provinces.
o Provide National curriculum in all regions of the country.
 National Book Foundation
 Islamic Studies…compulsory till Matric level
 Curriculum research & Development centers
 Curriculum must be focused on Pakistan Ideology.
 Examination system is improved.
 Student Welfare Program.
 More focus on educational Administrations.
 Reference:-
Iqbal Muhammad H.2011, Ch#4: Education in
Pakistan (Developmental Milestone), Paramount
publishing Enterprise, Lahore.