history of godavari river,construction by sir arthur thomas cotton barrage

1. WELCOME

2. 1. Introduction
2. Rainfall details
3. About nasik
4. Tributaries
5. Sir Authur Thomas cotton
barrage(Dowleswaram barrage)
6. History
7. Canal water regulation
8. Problems encountered in water regulation
9. Draininage problems
10.Causes of draininage congestions
CONTENT

3. PLACE WHERE GODAVARI STARTS

5. Godavari “Dakshin Ganga ” flows over six states
in India .
These states include
oMaharashtra(48.6%)
oAndhra Pradesh(23.4%)
oChhattisgarh(10.9%)
oMadhya Pradesh(10%)
oOrissa(5.7%)
oKarnataka(1.4%)
INTRODUCTION

6. Godavari, it is a second largest river in
India.
Its dimensions include
 Length:-1465km
Basin:-312,812 sq.km
Elevation:-920m
Co-ordinates:-19 °55'48"N
and 73°31'39“S

7. Godavari originates 80km from the Arabian sea in
the western Ghats of central India near Nasik in
Maharashtra. It flows for 1465km,First eastwards
across thee deccan pleateau then turns south
east entering the west godavari district & East
godavari district of A.P,Untill it splits into two
watercourses the widen into a large river data
and flow into the Bay of Bengal.

8. PUSHKARALLU PHOTO OF GODAVARI

9. 19921993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Avgerage
12001189 1769 1116 1509 1547 1445 1130 957 981 863 1032
NASIK RAINFALL
10 years rainfall data x-axis: months
Units: mm y-axis:mm

10. 1)General infromation
 Geographical Area : 15548 sq. km
 Annual Rainfall : 575 to 2500 mm
GEOMORPHOLOGY
2)Major Physiographic unit
 Satmala
 Selbari
 Dolbari
 hill ranges
 eastern and southern plains
 Godavari valley.
3)Major Drainage
 Godavari
 Girna
ABOUT NASIK

12. 4)LAND USE (2008-09)
 Forest Area : 3442.37 sq. km.
 Net Area Sown : 8010 sq. km.
 Cultivable Area : 8803 sq. km.
5)SOIL TYPE
 Lateritic black soil (Kali)
 Reddish brown soil (Mal)
 Coarse shallow reddish black soil (Koral)
 Medium light brownish black soil (Barad)

13. Tributaries of godavari river can be classified
as left bank and right bank tributaries
Left bank includes
:Purna,pranhita,indravathi,sabari rivers
covering nearly 59.7% of total catchment
area of basin
Right bank includes : pravara,manjira,manair
together contributing 16.1% of basin.
The tributaries of River Godavari are
responsible for supply of water in states of
Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana.
TRIBUTARIES

16. (DOWLESWAR
AM BARRAGE)
SIR ARTHUR THOMAS
COTTON BARRAGE

17. The famous Doleswaram barrage was
commissioned on 14thapril 1852 has
recently completed 164 years of service.
The project has a capacity to irrigate
16,90,000 acres of land under its three
delta systems in east and west godavari
districts.
In the first quarter of 1800 the agricultural
lands were affetced due to floods and
devastation, which was solved by
construction of this barrage.
HISTORY OF BARRAGE

18. This barrage was irrigating only 80,000 acres
of land,with the barrage commencing its
operations the extent of irrigated land has
risen to above 15 lakh acres.
The depth of the anicut of the barrage was
enhanced to 38 feet in 1882.
By 1889,About 6,18,000acres and by 1936,
About7,74,500 acres of land were brought
under irrigation.
The anicut was replaced by Sir Arthur Cotton
Barrage (S.A.C.B.) during the years 1970-88

19. DOWLESHWARAM BARRAGE BEFORE
RECONSTRUCTION

21. Location Between Dowlaiswaram (V),Rajahmundry
Rural(M),East Godavari District and Vijjeswaram
(V),Nidadavolu (M), West Godavari District.
Latitude 81° 45' 00'' East
Longitude 16° 55' 00'' North
Acres 10,09,009 Acres ( East and West Godavari District )
I.P contemplated 10,09,009 Acres(Stabilization)
I.P created 8,96,533 Acres(Stabilization)
I.P utilized 8,96,533 Acres(Stabilization)
Gross storage 2.931 TMC
Cropping pattern Paddy, Sugarcane, Banana, Chillies and Turmeric. (
Khariff and Rabi )
Population benefited 36 Mandalas in East Godavari District and 29 Mandalas in
West Godavari District.
LOCATION OF BARRAGE AND IRRIGATION
POTENTIAL

22. 1. During Kharif season entire anicut serves as Irrigation
source depending on the availability of water.
2. In as much as the terrain is very flat (slope varies from
1:5000 to 1:15,000) and water table is shallow, paddy is the
preferred crop followed by pulses and fodder crops.
3. In respect of GDS, the lands were categorized as
Permanent zone, rotational zone(triennial, biennial),
excluded zones as a basis to decide the extents.
CANAL WATER REGULATION

23. The physical condition and it’s appropriate operation of
water regulating structures is the key to a successful water
regulation. The following difficulties are experienced by the
field staff.
1. The SAC Barrage are life line for these vast Irrigation
systems. The Dam safety organisation has pointed out
deficiencies in respect of Civil works and Mechanical
works. These items require special attention keeping the
interests of the farming community spread in four districts
in particular and overall water security of the state.
2. The flood disposal capacities of Cross drainage
structures is inadequate in respect of specific
structure. Such structures require additional vents.
3. The outlet capacities are inadequate in respect
inlet/outlet cross drainage works.
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN WATER
REGULATION

24. 4. Considerable wastage of water is taking
place as regulating arrangement's for
sluices are in damaged condition.
5. Essential requirement for Canal Water
regulation is voice and data communication
for taking appropriate and timely decisions,
and dissemination of such decisions.

25. The irrigated area in Godavari Deltas is served by a number of
major, medium and minor drains for disposal of the surplus
water from fields, that accumulated especially during the
monsoon, when the area is subjected to incidence of heavy
rain & wide spread rainfall.
Rapid disposal of surplus water is the prime purpose for
which the drains are intended to serve. The objective is not
effectively achieved, owing to congestion of drains due to
several reasons.
The problem of “drainage congestion” in delta occurs
generally between the elevation (+) 10.00 m and the sea
level. It is more acute, since the terrain is very flat in vast
extent of tracts.
DRAINAGE PROBLEMS

26. 1. Increase in the irrigated areas in the upland
catchments, as in the case of Nagarjuna Sagar
Right Canal Command and lack of
commensurate improvements to Drainage net
work.
2. Increase of irrigated area in deltas without
commensurate improvements to drainage
network.
3. Cultivation of flood plains depriving the natural
facility of flood moderation.
4. Use of some drains as irrigation channels.
5. Formation of roads without a proper
appreciation of the consequent drainage
problems.
CAUSES OF DRAINAGE CONGESTION

27. 6. Inadequate water way in cross drainage and
cross masonry works.
7. Simultaneous floods in rivers and drain joining
them.
8. Heavy rainfall in three consecutive days
exceeding 387.50mm which is the norm to
compute the MFD in designing drains.
9. Obstruction to flow of drain due to formation of
sand bars at their confluence with the Sea.
10. Obstructions caused by heavy embankment
and roadways.
11.Max flood level of the drainage channel at or
below the sea high tide level.

28. DOWLAISWARAM
(V),RAJAHMUNDRY
RURAL(M),EAST GODAVARI
DISTRICT
19921993199419951996199719981999200020012002Avg.
1074 83913321236129211991169 77412641012 788 931
10 years rainfall data x-axis: months
Units: mm y-axis:mm

29. soil:
 Alluvial (clay loamy)red soil
 sandy loam
 sandy clay
Major crops present in Dowlaiswaram
Paddy
Most suitable rainfall range:175-300cm
Growth period:3-6 months
Sugarcane:
Most suitable rainfall range:
Growth period:
MAJORCROPS AND SOIL TYPE

30. In water logged areas ,a combined surface and subsurface
drainage system is required.
The recommended channel design in water logged areas is
trapezoidal.
Construction of retention ponds and establishment of riparian
border strips canbe taken to reduce the surface drainage
water.
Irrigation of uplands should be controlled so as to facilitate
irrigation supply to the downstream areas.
SOLUTIONS

31. During monsoon season the construction of flood ways or
construction of levees, lakes, retention ponds is
recommended
Water gate flood barrier is the rapid response barrier.
While construction of roads drainage problems also strictly
considered.

32.  Conclusions -
GDS is the great assets we have inherited from our
glorious past. It is the responsibility of the present
generation to sustain and protect these capital assets
and pass it on to the next. The system is facing
several natural and manmade threats. It is the
bounden duty of all stake holders including
Administrators, Engineers, farmers, general public to
ensure that these great systems are on a sustainable
track and keep enriching the future generations.
These two Irrigation systems contribute about 15
Million tons of food grains for the food security of our
country apart from several secondary agro-related
benefits. The Union Govt as well as state Govts should
give top priority for sustaining these highly productive
systems.