Uttar Pradesh is the fourth largest state in India located in the northern part of the country. It has a population of over 200 million people and Lucknow is the capital city. The state has significant issues with air and water pollution due to industry, vehicle emissions, and waste mismanagement which are negatively impacting the health of residents. Major initiatives are underway to improve the environment such as cleaning up the Ganges River and preserving landmarks like the Taj Mahal.

1. UTTAR PRADESH
Land of Amazing Heritage

2. OVERVIEW
• The fourth largest state in India and fourth largest state by economy in India.
• The most commonly spoken language of the state is Hindi. English and Urdu are the other languages used.
• Noida, Ghaziabad, Allahabad, Kanpur, Meerut and Saharanpur are some of the key cities in the state.
• The state has three major seasons, viz.,
• Hot weather (March-June),
• Rainy season (July-September)
• Cold weather (October-February).

3. “Uttar Pradesh shares its border with Nepal in the North and the
Indian states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in the
Northwest, Haryana, Delhi and Rajasthan in the West, Madhya
Pradesh in the South, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand in the
Southeast and Bihar in the East.”

4. FACTS ABOUT UP

5. • Chief Minister: Yogi Aditya Nath
• Governor: Ram Naik
• Forest area accounts 16583 kms which is 6.88% of state’s geographical
• Agriculture: Wheat is the state's principal food crop and sugarcane is the main commercial crop particularly
in Western Uttar Pradesh
• Irrigation: Ground water resources accounts for about 78% of irrigated area and surface water resources for
about 22%.
• UP has emerged as a key hub for IT and ITeS industries, including software, captive Business Process
Outsourcing (BPO) and electronics.

6. • As per 2005 inventory, Uttar Pradesh is the highest emitting state of India emits and contributes
nearly 14% of national greenhouse gases (GHG).
• Fossil fuel consumption, power generation and agricultural activities are the major factors responsible
for this. Sonbhadra, Rae Bareli and Gautam Buddha Nagar are the three highest emitting districts
during 2005, contributing to 27%, 5% and 4% GHG emissions of the state respectively.
“EMISSION IN UP”

7. “STRONG HORTICULTURE BASE”
• Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of food grains in India and accounted for about 17.83% share in the
country’s total food grain output in 2016-17.
• Food grain production in the state in 2016-17 stood at 49,144.6 thousand tonnes.
• Major food grains produced in the state include rice, wheat, maize, millet, gram, pea & lentils.
• With overall vegetable production of 26.40 million tonnes in 2016-17, the state of Uttar Pradesh was the largest
producer of vegetables in India.

8. ISSUE SEVERITY STATUS CAUSES
BROWN AGENDA
Water
quality
High 1. 6.4 million DALYs valued at water contamination and poor sanitation
2. Fluoride levels exceed WHO prescribed limits in 11 districts
3. Nitrate levels exceed WHO prescribed limits in 8 districts
4. Iron levels exceed WHO prescribed limits in 11 districts
5. Fertilizer and pesticide use is increasing
6. 19 percent rural and 80 percent urban households have toilets Closed
drains collect wastewater from 9.5 percent rural and 26.5 percent urban
households.
Natural sources Agricultural runoff Poor sewerage & sanitation facilities
Inefficient management practices
Indoor air
pollution
High 1. 2.6 million DALYs valued at Rs. 17. 1billion are lost due to traditional
biofuel use
2. Chief Cook's exposure to RSPM is between 1.8 to 20.0 mg/m3 During
cooking period (3 hrs./day)
3. Exposure to CO is between 0.5 to 23.5 ppm during cooking period
4. Average exposure; to SO2 is 133.9 ig/m3 during cooking period
Use of traditional biofuels (fuelwood, dung cake, straw, crop residue
etc.)
Urban
ambient
air
pollution
High 1. 0.4 million DALYs valued at Rs 2.6 billion are lost due ;to urban air
pollution
2. SPM levels in 8 cities are 2-3 times higher than the ambient air quality
standards.
3. Industrial air emissions in highly polluted districts range between
0.007 to 1.48 kg/percapita/year
Transport Large Industry Small scale industry Power generation Back-up
power generators Natural sources
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN UTTAR PRADESH

9. Surface
water
pollution
Medium 1. Water Quality Index at select locations is between 0 to 50
(poor to fair quality,-i.e. not ;fit for activities involving direct
contact with water)
2. Total coliform bacteria in Ganga near Kanpur is more than
37 million MPN/100ml
3. BOD around 75 mg/liter at Hindon near Saharanpur
Domestic sewage and poor sanitation Industrial effluents
Agricultural runoff
Municip
al solid
waste
Medium 1. 20,820 tones per day (0.4 kh/capita/day)of solid waste
generated in urban areas
2. A two fold increase is MSW is projected by 2016, and if not
managed properly will have serious health and ecosystem
impacts
Households Commercial establishments
Hazardo
us waste
Medium 1. 145786 tons of hazardous waste generated by 1036
industries in 2003
2. Serious ecosystem consequences if safe disposal sites are
not initiated
Industries
Biomedi
cal waste
Medium 1. 20.7 tons/day of biomedical waste generated by 1600
hospitals (250 gm/hospital bed/day)
2. Serious health and ecosystem consequences if safe disposal
is not initiated
Hospitals
ISSUE SEVERITY STATUS CAUSES
BROWN AGENDA

10. GREEN AGENDA
Forests and
biodiversity
loss
High 1. 8.8 percent geographical area under forest and tree cover
2. Rich plant ;diversity with 5352 species
3. Ten plant taxa belonging to eight genera and six families
are endemic to UP
4. Gangetic River Dolphin - a highly endangered freshwater
mammal is under threat
5. One National Park and 23 wildlife sanctuaries cover 34% of
forest area
6. Pressure from 65.1 million livestock (270/sq.km)
7. 5000 to 10000 hectares of forest land diverted for
development activities each year
Population pressure Development activities Encroachments Poaching Fuel
wood collection
Land
degradation
High 1. 13.52 million hectares of land affected by degradation,
including 1.15 million hectare saline/alkaline land, 0.81
million hectare water logged land
2. 11 districts with more than 9% land areas as degraded land
Inefficient, excessive irrigation Industrialization Urbanization Loss of
forest/tree cover, Poor land management
BLUE AGENDA
Water
availability
And Stress
Medium 1. Abundant water resources, with spatial variations : 13,500
villages (12% of revenue villages)do not have reliable drinking
water sources
2. 42,775 villages (38% of revenue villages)have limited
access to drinking water sources
3. 53 percent of the 623 towns get 50 percent less water than
the supply norm
4. Annual surface water availability is 162 billion cubic
meters.
5. Annual replenishable groundwater availability; is 84 billion
cubic meters About 50% groundwater currently exploited 22
over exploited blocks in western UP 56 semi critical blocks
(28 in western UP)
Over exploitation by agriculture Inefficient management practices Population
growth.

11. “ Uttar Pradesh State Action Plan on Climate Change (UP - SAPCC) “
SAPCC formulation in Uttar Pradesh The state has formulated action plan for seven missions :
(1) Sustainable agriculture mission
(2) Solar Mission
(3) Energy Efficiency Mission
(4) Green UP Forestry Mission
(5) Jal Mission
(6) Strategic Knowledge Mission
(7) Sustainable Habitat Mission.

12. Kanpur air pollution
Kanpur ranking on top of the pollution chart with a PM2.5 concentration of 173 micrograms per cubic meter, three
other cities in Uttar Pradesh — Agra, Lucknow and Varanasi also made to the list of top polluted cities in the world.

13. Statistical data
• Of the 3.8 million deaths caused by household air pollution globally, the region
• accounts for 1.5 million or 40 per cent deaths and of the 4.2 million global deaths
due to ambient air pollution,1.3 million or 30 per cent are reported from the
reign

14. “Taj mahal victim to chronic pollution”
One of the seven Wonders of the World, the Taj Mahal flanks a garbage-strewn river and is often
enveloped by dust and smog from belching smokestacks and vehicles in the northern city of Agra.

15. “Ganges water pollution”
• The Ganges is considered to be the fifth-most polluted river in the world.
• Severely polluted with human waste & industrial contaminants, the river provides water to about
40% of India's population across 11 states serving an estimated population of 500 million people or
more, more than any other river in the world.

16. Stakeholders of Environment Management -
Uttar Pradesh

17. • Ministry of Environment & Forest, Govt. of India
• Directorate of Environment, UP
• Pollution Control Board
• National Institute of Environment, Lucknow
• Centre for Environment Education
• NGOs like Paryavaran Mitra, Young Environmentalist Association,
SEED amongst others
Key Stakeholders

18. Key Environmental Issues in UP
• Depleting ground water table (https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/uQsMpu8OHFHBldzub4gazN/Uttar-Pradeshs-environmental-crisis.html)
• 34 of 75 districts are overexploited for groundwater on farm use, household use
• Excessive usage of harmful chemical pesticides contaminating water sources
• Relaxation of norms for felling trees in private land
• Poor Air Quality (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-at-bottom-of-2018-global-environment-performance-index/articleshow/64544578.cms)
• Very poor air quality recorded in Lucknow for 70 % of monitored days
• Severe levels of air pollution for 24% of monitored days
• Increased Environmental Crimes (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-at-bottom-of-2018-global-environment-performance-index/articleshow/64544578.cms)
• UP has most increase in Environmental crimes registered in National Green Tribunal (NGT)

19. Important Programs
• Namami Gange Program
• 200 Bn INR program for “integrated conservation” of the river Ganga
• Vision Document for Taj Mahal
• Protect & preserve the monument with policies for no plastic zones, sealing
polluting factories on the Yamuna floodplain
• Bio Ethanol as a biofuel
• Uttar Pradesh is a big contributor owing to its sugar cane farming & milling

20. ‫شکریہ‬ ‫کا‬ ‫آپ‬