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Infants’ understanding of communicative interactions, Alia martin
- 1. Infants’ understanding of communicative interactions Talk at Kyoto Institute of Technology July 11, 2015 Alia Martin Harvard University Lecturer, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand (2016)
- 7. “cup!”
- 8. “cup!”
- 11. 1. Recognizing a communicative signal 2. Resolving communicative ambiguity 3. Prioritizing a communicator’s intentions Outline
- 12. 1. Recognizing a communicative signal 2. Resolving communicative ambiguity 3. Prioritizing a communicator’s intentions Talk Outline
- 13. Can infants recognize a communicative signal?
- 14. “cup!”
- 15. “cup!”
- 16. *cough*
- 17. *cough* ?
- 18. “cup!”
- 19. “cup!” koppu!
- 20. “cup!” tasse! becher! taza! katora! koppu!
- 21. Do infants recognize that speech is communicative?
- 22. Infant attention to speech • Infants prefer speech to other sounds (Vouloumanos & Werker, 2004; 2007; Shultz & Vouloumanos, 2010) • 6-month-olds recognize speech is human-produced and human- directed (Vouloumanos et al., 2009; Legerstee et al., 2000) • 10-month-olds expect mutual gaze between speakers (Beier & Spelke, 2011)
- 23. Infant attention to speech • Newborns prefer speech to other sounds (Vouloumanos & Werker, 2004; 2007; Shultz & Vouloumanos, 2010) • 6-month-olds recognize speech is human-produced and human- directed (Vouloumanos et al., 2009; Legerstee et al., 2000)
- 24. • Newborns prefer speech to other sounds (Vouloumanos & Werker, 2004; 2007; Shultz & Vouloumanos, 2010) • 6-month-olds recognize speech is human-produced and human- directed (Vouloumanos et al., 2009; Legerstee et al., 2000) Infant attention to speech
- 25. Do infants recognize that speech is communicative?
- 26. Do infants recognize that speech is communicative? 12-month-olds
- 27. Procedure
- 32. Test
- 33. Test
- 34. Speech “Koba!”
- 35. Cough *cough*
- 37. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Speech Cough Recipient Speech LookingTime(s) Target Non-target Results * * Martin, Onishi, & Vouloumanos, 2012
- 38. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Speech Cough Recipient Speech LookingTime(s) Target Non-target Results * * Martin, Onishi, & Vouloumanos, 2012
- 39. Interim summary • 12-month-olds recognize that speech can transfer information about an object, but coughing cannot
- 40. Interim summary • 12-month-olds recognize that speech can transfer information about an object, but coughing cannot – even though infants themselves always have information about the target
- 41. Interim summary • 12-month-olds recognize that speech can transfer information about an object, but coughing cannot – even though infants themselves always have information about the target • Communication, or mere presence of speech?
- 44. Test “koba!”
- 46. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Speech Cough Recipient Speech LookingTime(s) Target Non-target Results Martin, Onishi, & Vouloumanos, 2012 * * * Addressee Speech
- 47. Do 6-month-old infants recognize that speech is communicative?
- 48. • understand some common words used in their environment (Bergelson & Swingley, 2012; Tincoff & Jusczyk, 1999; 2012) • no evidence for learning a word in a single trial 6-month-olds…
- 49. 6-month-olds… • understand some common words used in their environment (Bergelson & Swingley, 2012; Tincoff & Jusczyk, 1999; 2012) • no evidence for learning a word in a single trial
- 50. “****”
- 51. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Speech Cough Cough + Visual Access LookingTime(s) Target Non-Target * Results: 6-month-olds Vouloumanos, Martin, & Onishi, 2014
- 52. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Speech Cough Cough + Visual Access LookingTime(s) Target Non-Target Results: 6-month-olds * * Vouloumanos, Martin, & Onishi, 2014
- 57. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Speech Cough Cough + Visual Access LookingTime(s) Target Non-Target Results: 6-month-olds * * Vouloumanos, Martin, & Onishi, 2014
- 58. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Speech Cough Cough + Visual Access LookingTime(s) Target Non-Target * * * * Results: 6-month-olds Vouloumanos, Martin, & Onishi, 2014
- 59. Discussion • 6- and 12-month-old infants recognize that the form of speech is communicative – transfers information from one person to another
- 60. Discussion • 6- and 12-month-old infants recognize that the form of speech is communicative – transfers information from one person to another • May provide a mechanism for language and knowledge acquisition