(第3版)「知能の構成的解明の研究動向と今後の展望」についての個人的見解:Chain of thought promptingやpostdictionを中心として
深層学習以降のAI研究の流れの中で、特に、基盤モデルにおけるchain of thought promptingやfactual groundingに焦点を当て、基盤モデルが論理的推論などの意識レベルの処理を学習したと言えるかについて考察する。
時間が許せば、深層学習によるpostdictionの可能性等についても論じる。
Large Language Modelsare Zero-Shot
Reasoners (2022)
Q: A juggler can juggle 16 balls. Half
of the balls are golf balls, and half of
the golf balls are blue. How many blue
golf balls are there?
A: Let’s think step by step.
Input:
Model
output:
There are 16 balls in total. Half of the
balls are golf balls. That means that
there are 8 golf balls. Half of the golf
balls are blue. That means that there
are 4 blue golf balls. ✓
Q: 同左
A: The answer
(arabic numerals)
is
8 X
6.
Large Language Modelsare Zero-Shot
Reasoners (2022)
Q: A juggler can juggle 16 balls. Half
of the balls are golf balls, and half of
the golf balls are blue. How many blue
golf balls are there?
A: Let’s think step by step.
Input:
Model
output:
There are 16 balls in total. Half of the
balls are golf balls. That means that
there are 8 golf balls. Half of the golf
balls are blue. That means that there
are 4 blue golf balls. ✓
Q: 同左
A: The answer
(arabic numerals)
is
8 X
このモデルは
「段階を踏んで
考える」ことが
分かっているの
か?
7.
Large Language Modelsare Zero-Shot
Reasoners (2022)
Q: A juggler can juggle 16 balls. Half
of the balls are golf balls, and half of
the golf balls are blue. How many blue
golf balls are there?
A: Let’s think step by step.
Input:
Model
output:
There are 16 balls in total. Half of the
balls are golf balls. That means that
there are 8 golf balls. Half of the golf
balls are blue. That means that there
are 4 blue golf balls. ✓
Q: 同左
A: The answer
(arabic numerals)
is
8 X
このモデルは
「段階を踏んで
考える」ことが
分かっているの
か?
参)First, やLet’s
think about this
logically.でも似
たような正答率
8.
Large Language Modelsare Zero-Shot
Reasoners (2022)
Q: A juggler can juggle 16 balls. Half
of the balls are golf balls, and half of
the golf balls are blue. How many blue
golf balls are there?
A: Let’s think step by step.
Input:
Model
output:
There are 16 balls in total. Half of the
balls are golf balls. That means that
there are 8 golf balls. Half of the golf
balls are blue. That means that there
are 4 blue golf balls. ✓
Q: 同左
A: The answer
(arabic numerals)
is
8 X
このモデルは
「段階を踏んで
考える」ことが
分かっているの
か?
参)First, やLet’s
think about this
logically.でも似
たような正答率
「段階を踏んで考え
よう。」の後にどの
ような言葉が続きや
すいかは分かってい
るが、それは人が理
解している「段階を
踏んで考える」こと
の意味と一致してい
るか?
9.
Large Language Modelsare Zero-Shot
Reasoners (2022)
Q: A juggler can juggle 16 balls. Half
of the balls are golf balls, and half of
the golf balls are blue. How many blue
golf balls are there?
A: Let’s think step by step.
Input:
Model
output:
There are 16 balls in total. Half of the
balls are golf balls. That means that
there are 8 golf balls. Half of the golf
balls are blue. That means that there
are 4 blue golf balls. ✓
Q: 同左
A: The answer
(arabic numerals)
is
8 X
このモデルは
「段階を踏んで
考える」ことが
分かっているの
か?
参)First, やLet’s
think about this
logically.でも似
たような正答率
「段階を踏んで考え
よう。」の後にどの
ような言葉が続きや
すいかは分かってい
るが、それは人が理
解している「段階を
踏んで考える」こと
の意味と一致してい
るか?
ろんり‐てき【論理的】(logical) ①論理学で
取り扱う対象についていう語。②論理の法則
にかなっていること。りづめ。③比喩的に事
物の法則的なつながりについていう語。←広
辞苑
⇒LLMsが理解する「論理的」は日常用語とし
ての③の意味だけで、①(論理学の用語として
の論理、すなわち、推論規則の適用による形
式的推論など)は理解していない。
There are afew postdictive perceptual phenomena known, in
which a stimulus presented later seems causally to affect the
percept of another stimulus presented earlier. …
… By extending the list of postdictive phenomena to memory,
sensory-motor and higher-level cognition, one may note that such
a postdictive reconstruction may be a general principle of neural
computation, ranging from milliseconds to months in a time scale,
from local neuronal interactions to long-range connectivity, in the
complex brain. …
18.
Failure to DetectMismatches Between Intention
and Outcome in a Simple Decision Task (2005)
TED: Do you really know
why you do what you do? |
Petter Johansson
Participants made choices between presented face pairs on the basis of
attractiveness, while the experimenter covertly manipulated the
relationship between choice and outcome. Participants offered
introspectively derived reasons for why they chose the way they did.
19.
post hoc construction
Theparticipants often came to prefer the alternative.
“She is radiant. I would
rather have approached
her at a bar than the
other one. I like
earrings!”
Pictures omitted
Benjamin Libet’s findingson postdictive process, and
backward referral (Libet, B.(2004). MindTime)
Figure omitted
23.
Libet’s functional accountof the backward referral in
the real world (Libet, B.(2004). MindTime)
Implicit and fast sensory-motor pathways
A boy runs
to the road
Brake
Aware of the boy
Report of
awareness
Backward referral
24.
RP precedes thereportable
time (W) for appearance of
the subjective experience of
'wanting' or intending to act.
Figures omitted
深層学習が今後向かう方向についての
参考文献
• The ConsciousnessPrior, Yoshua Bengio.
• How to represent part-whole hierarchies in a neural network,
Geoffrey Hinton.
• A Path Towards Autonomous Machine Intelligence, Yann
LeCun.
Text to Image(2022)
https://www.deepl.com/translator
著作権の関係で画像を削除
https://parti.research.goog
le/paper_images_green_wa
termark_outputs/figures/s
caling_comparison/kangar
oo_3.jpg
AlphaFold: a solutionto a 50-year-old
grand challenge in biology (2020)
著作権の関係で図を削除
https://www.deepmind.co
m/blog/alphafold-a-
solution-to-a-50-year-old-
grand-challenge-in-biology
の図やビデオを参照