Algae, the chlorophyll containing organisms known to have more than 20000 species. The multicellular plants growing in salt or fresh water are known as Macro-algae or “seaweeds”. Due to their fast growing nature can size up to 60 m in length 1 . Based on their pigmentation they are classified into three broad groups: i) brown seaweed (Phaeophyceae); ii) red seaweed (Rhodophyceae) and iii) green seaweed (Chlorophyceae). The main utilization of seaweeds are in the production of food and the extraction of hydrocolloids.

1. ALGAE AS SOURCE OF DRUG
SREEREMYA.S
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
SREE NARAYANA GURU COLLEGE,CBE

2. • Algae, the chlorophyll containing organisms known to
have more than 20000 species. The multicellular plants
growing in salt or fresh water are known as Macro-
algae or “seaweeds”. Due to their fast growing nature
can size up to 60 m in length 1 . Based on their
pigmentation they are classified into three broad
groups: i) brown seaweed (Phaeophyceae); ii) red
seaweed (Rhodophyceae) and iii) green seaweed
(Chlorophyceae). The main utilization of seaweeds are
in the production of food and the extraction of
hydrocolloids.

3. • The discovery and development of antibiotics are among the most
powerful and successful achievements of modern
• science and technology for the control of infectious diseases. Prolonged
usage of broad – spectrum antibiotics has led to
• the emergence of drug resistance. There is a tremendous need for novel
antimicrobial agents from different sources. The
• biodiversity of marine ecosystem provides an important source of
chemical compounds which have many therapeutic
• applications. Seaweeds or marine algae have been reported to contain
many important compounds which act as antibiotics,
• laxatives, anticoagulants, anti-ulcer products and suspending agents in
radiological preparations. Many substances
• obtained from marine algae such as alginate, carrragenean and agar as
phycocolliods have been used for decades in
• medicine and pharmacy.

4. • APPLICATIONS
• 1. Hydrocolloids
• Various industrial products are made up from macro
algae 3. Alginates from the cell wall of brown algae are
polymers composed of D-mannuronic acid and L-
guluronic acid monomers are used in food and
pharmaceutical industries in the form of stabilizers for
emulsions and suspensions 4 . Carrageenans from the
cell wall of red algae have application in food, textile
and pharmaceutical industries.
• 6

5. • 2.Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics
• The micro-algae can produce bioactive
compounds like antibiotics, algicides, toxins. A lot
of antibiotics have been isolated from algae and
show great chemical diversity (fatty acids,
bromophenols, tannins, terpenoids,
polysaccharides, alcohols). Most of them produce
neurotoxic and hepatotoxic compounds 5 .
Chlorella and Arthrospira (Spirulina) are used in
skin care, sun protection and hair care products

6. • High value oils
• Long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids (vlcPUFAs)
eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and
arachidonic acid (AA) known for their nutritional importance.
Interestingly the vlcPUFAs in the oil-rich fish originate from marine
micro-algae that are eaten by the fish. Algal genes encoding
relevant enzymes have been identified and recently several groups
have reported progress on using these genes to produce DHA and
ARA in transgenic plants, including crops such as soybean, linseed,
tobacco and the model species Arabidopsis 12 . By adding
additional genes to the ones that are needed to produce ARA and
EPA, production of DHA has been established in soybean, Brassica
juncea and Arabidopsis 13 . An alternative approach is to use
directly the algae that are the most efficient primary producers of
the vlcPUFAs.

7. • Need of the hour
• We are now at the crucial stage where it is essential to explore new strategies in order to combat infectious
diseases.
• The oceans represent virtually untapped resource from which novel bioactive compounds can be discovered. The
• marine environment representing approximately half of the global biodiversity, is an enormous resource for new
• compounds. Sea weeds or marine algae are potentially prolific sources of highly bioactive secondary metabolites
that
• might represent useful leads in the development of new pharmaceutical agents. Many reports have been
published about
• isolated compounds from algae with biological activity, demonstrating their ability to produce metabolites, with
high
• complexity and unlimited diversity of pharmacological and/or biological properties.
• 3. Seaweeds
• Seaweeds belong to a group of plants known as algae. Seaweeds are classified as Rhodophyta (red algae),
Phaeophyta
• (brown algae) or Chlorophyta (green algae) depending on their nutrient, pigments and chemical composition. Like
other
• plants, seaweeds contain various inorganic and organic substances which can benefit human health [9]. Seaweeds
are
• considered as a source of bioactive compounds as they are able to produce a great variety of secondary
metabolites
• characterized by a broad spectrum of biological activities. Compounds with antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal and
• antimicrobial activities have been detected in brown, red and green algae