Alcohol abuse and dependence can be categorized into five types based on patterns of use. It progresses through four phases from social drinking to relieve stress, to loss of control and physiological dependence in phase three. Etiological factors include genetic, psychological, and social influences. Complications affect multiple body systems and lead to medical issues like liver disease as well as social problems. Treatment involves detoxification using benzodiazepines followed by behavioral therapies, medication, and rehabilitation to address the biological and psychosocial aspects of the disorder.
This was a lecture in the course "Significant Medical Conditions in Seniors" presented at Peer Learning in Chapel Hill, NC, USA in 2016 by Michael C. Joseph, MD, MPH.
Drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by drug seeking and use that is compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences.
Brain changes that occur over time with drug use challenge an addicted person’s self-control and interfere with their ability to resist intense urges to take drugs. This is why drug addiction is also a relapsing disease.
Relapse is the return to drug use after an attempt to stop. Relapse indicates the need for more or different treatment.
Most drugs affect the brain's reward circuit by flooding it with the chemical messenger dopamine. This overstimulation of the reward circuit causes the intensely pleasurable "high" that leads people to take a drug again and again.
This presentation gives detailed description of symptoms of catatonia with its etiologies and differential diagnoses. It should help to differentiate catatonia in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
This was a lecture in the course "Significant Medical Conditions in Seniors" presented at Peer Learning in Chapel Hill, NC, USA in 2016 by Michael C. Joseph, MD, MPH.
Drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by drug seeking and use that is compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences.
Brain changes that occur over time with drug use challenge an addicted person’s self-control and interfere with their ability to resist intense urges to take drugs. This is why drug addiction is also a relapsing disease.
Relapse is the return to drug use after an attempt to stop. Relapse indicates the need for more or different treatment.
Most drugs affect the brain's reward circuit by flooding it with the chemical messenger dopamine. This overstimulation of the reward circuit causes the intensely pleasurable "high" that leads people to take a drug again and again.
This presentation gives detailed description of symptoms of catatonia with its etiologies and differential diagnoses. It should help to differentiate catatonia in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Alcohol is a CNS depressant drug that is used socially in our society for many reasons (e.g., to
enhance the flavor of food, to encourage relaxation and conviviality, for feelings of celebration, and as a
sacred ritual in some religious ceremonies). Therapeutically, it is the major ingredient in many
OTC/prescription medications. It can be harmless, enjoyable, and sometimes beneficial when used
responsibly and in moderation. Like other mind-altering drugs, however, it has the potential for abuse and,
in fact, is the most widely abused drug in the United States (research suggests 5% to 10% of the adult
population) and is potentially fatal. Frequently, the client in a residential care setting has been using alcohol
in conjunction with other drugs. It is believed that alcohol is often used by clients who have other mental
illnesses to assuage the pain they feel. The term “dual diagnosis” is used to mean an association between
the use/abuse of drugs (including alcohol) and other psychiatric diagnoses. It may be difficult to determine
cause and effect in any given situation to determine an accurate diagnosis. However, it is important to
recognize when both conditions are present so that the often-overwhelming problems of treatment are
instituted for both conditions.
This plan of care addresses acute intoxication/withdrawal and is to be used in conjunction with CP:
Substance Dependence/Abuse Rehabilitation.
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER
The term substance is used in reference to any drug, medication or toxin that shares the potential for abuse.
Addiction is a physiological and psychological dependence on alcohol or other drugs of abuse that affects the central nervous system in such a way that withdrawal symptoms are experienced when the substance is discontinued.
Abuse – refers to maladaptive pattern of substance use that impairs health.
Dependence – refers to certain physiological & psychological phenomena induced by repeated taking of a substance.
Tolerance – state in which after repeated administration, a drug produces a decreased effect or increasing doses are required to produce the same effect.
Withdrawal state – group of signs & symptoms recurring when a drug is reduced in amount or withdrawn, which last for a limited time.
CLASSIFICATION
F 10-19 Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use
F10 Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of Alcohol
F11 Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of Opiods
F12 Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of Cannabinoids
F13 Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of Sedatives or Hypnotics
F14 Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of Cocaine
F10 Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of Hallucinogens
COMMONLY USED PSYCHOTROPHC SUBSTANCES
Alcohol
Opiods
Cannabis
Cocaine
Amphetamines
Hallucinogens – LSD, Phencyclidine
Sedatives & Hypnotics –Barbiturates
Inhalants
Nicotine
Other stimulants-Caffeine
ETIOLOGY
Biological factors
Genetic vulnerability-family H/O substance use disorder
Biochemical factors- role of Dopamine & Nor epinephrine in cocaine, ethanol & opiod dependence, abnormalities in alcohol dehydrogenase play a role in alcohol dependence
Neurobiological theories- inborn deficiency of Endomorphins
Co-morbid medical disorder- to control chronic pain.
Behavioral Theories
Result of conditioning, reinforcement from drug use
Drug use causes euphoric experience perceived as rewarding, thereby motivating user to keep taking the drug
Psychological Factors
General Rebelliousness
Sense of Inferiority
Poor impulse control
Low self esteem
Inability to cope with the pressures of living and society
Loneliness, unmet needs
Desire to escape from reality
Desire to experiment, a sense of adventure
Pleasure seeking
Machoism
Sexual immaturity
Social Factors
Religious reasons
Peer pressure
Urbanization
Extended periods of education
Unemployment
Overcrowding
Poor social support
Effects of TV & other mass media
Occupation – more common in chefs, barmen, executives, salesman, actors, entertainers, army personnel, journalists, medical personnel etc
Easy availability of drugs
Taking drugs prescribed by doctors (diazepam)
Taking drugs that can be bought legally without prescription (Opiods, nicotine)
Taking drugs that can be obtained from illicit sources (street drugs)
Psychiatric disorders
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Personality disorders
Organic brain diseases
Schizophrenia
Alcoholism has became the one of the leading cause for kidney and liver diseases. In India alcoholism is the root cause of poverty, unemployment, domestic conflicts, occupational disputes and deaths all together. Several Indian studies have shown the increased risk of suicide due to alcohol dependency. Thus it has became the global cause for depletion of human species all way round. Awareness, prevention, promotion, restoration and maintenance of health should be held up as essential base to work on for diverting the substance use/abuse and misuse and directing towards the sober community norms step by step to reduce intoxication, dependency, tolerance, conditioned learning and addiction as a whole.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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