Key representatives will discuss on the latest regulatory issues and standards regarding natural refrigerants in Europe.

2. Kigali Amendment - challenges, progress, next steps
Ir Alain Wilmart
Federal Ministry of Environment – Belgium
Co-Chair of the Open Ended Working Group

3. Kigali Amendment
Kigali Amendment HFC phase-down schedules. Credit: UNEP

4. Challenges arising directly from the text itself
Reduction steps
• Separation in two groups with each two sub-groups (freeze and schedule)
• Calculation of the base line (that for some Parties include HCFC)
Market surveillance
New obligations
• New reporting requirements
• New licensing system
Development of National Strategies
• Capacity building and Training/Certification
• Institutional Strengthening
• Agreement on destruction technologies

5. Challenges arising from the Ratification
Restrictions on trade with Non-Parties
as of 2033 or when 70 Parties have ratified (today 85), whichever the later.
Safety
Design -> Production ; Installation ; Service and Maintenance
https://ozone.unep.org/system-safety-standards
Energy efficiency
R&D focused on M and L GWP ; Intellectual Property
Definition of MEPS/Labels as a driver.
Parties changing their group (as recently requested)

6. Challenges arising from the Implementation
Adaptation of the national (and regional) legislations
Communication
to stakeholders and to official bodies
Training and Certification schemes for institutional bodies (Administration of the
Environment, Inspectorate, Customs…) and private bodies.
Setting up of reporting obligations
Interactions with the Implementing Agencies and collaboration with the MLF
Cost Guidelines to be decided at the Multilateral Fund Level (ongoing)
Interactions with Bodies outside the Montreal Protocol World
As EE or Safety are issues not directly depending of the MP
…

7. Challenges that were not expected
Illegal Production arising from the implementation of the Montreal Protocol
Unexpected CFC 11 concentration in the atmosphere, probably due to production,
that has been recently detected,
Other effects on the environment that we're not suspected to be at the time of the
decisions.
Climate benefit coming out of the implementation of the MP. (130 GtCO2eq). 80
more Gt are expected to be avoided by the Kigali Amendment.

8. Opportunities
Not only limitations and problems …
But also opportunities and innovation
Constraints on fluorinated gas are not applicable to other substances or technologies
(Not-in-Kind technologies).
But also facing similar challenges
PLUS
Need to be accepted as replacement technologies that are tamed for a long time.
The future is open to alternatives !