Carlo Urbani was an Italian physician who first identified SARS as a new and contagious disease while working in Thailand. Although he later died from SARS, his early warning to the WHO helped trigger a massive response that likely saved millions. SARS is a respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus, with symptoms like fever and breathing difficulties. It was transmitted between people through close contact or surfaces. While there was no set treatment, supportive care and antiviral/antibiotic medications were used. Proper handwashing, cough etiquette, and social distancing help prevent the spread of SARS.

1. SARS
(SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME)
• AKASH NAWKHARE

2. SARS AND CARO
URBANI
Carlo Urbani (Castelplanio, Italy
October 19, 1956 –
Bangkok, Thailand March
29, 2003) was an Italian physician
and the first to identify severe
acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS) as a new and
dangerously contagious disease.
Although he became infected and
died, his early warning to the
World Health Organization
(WHO) touched off a massive
response that probably helped
save the lives of millions of
people around the world.

3. INTRODUCTION TO SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
• It is a respiratory disease in humans, in which the lungs inflamate
and there is difficulty in breathing, which is caused by the SARS
coronavirus.(zoonatic origin)
• Between November 2002 and July 2003 an outbreak of SARS in
Hong Kong nearly became a pandemic, with 8,422 cases and 916
deaths worldwide (10.9% fatality) according to the WHO. Within
weeks SARS spread from Hong Kong to infect individuals in 37
countries in early 2003.
• SARS was the result of infection by a coronavirus that scientists named
SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS-CoV is related to
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 infection.

5. SARSCORONAVIRUS
SARS coronavirus is a positive and
single stranded RNA virus
belonging to a family of enveloped
coronaviruses. Its genome is about
29.7kb, which is one of the largest
among RNA viruses. SARS is
similar to other coronaviruses in
that its genome expression.

7. SYMPTOMS & SIGNS
 Usually begins with a sudden onset of a high fever Greater than 38.0
degrees
 Headache, overall discomfort, body/muscle aches, chills, shivering,
sore throat, runny nose
 10%-20% of patients getdiarrhea
 Dry cough, breathing difficulties (after 2-7 days), Oxygen levels in the
blood are low
 Most patients will develop pneumonia (3-4 days) Traveled recently to
a SARS-affected area and been in close contact with someone
diagnosed with SARS.
 May not be infectious until symptoms begin to appear, usually 2-7
days, can be up to 10days. (Incubation Period)

9. PATHOGENESIS
Transmitted Through:
 Close contact with an
infected person.
 Contaminated airand
surfaces.
 If a person touches a
contaminated surface
and thentouches their
eyes, mouth ornose.

10. DIAGNOSIS
Doctor will ask questions (about traveling), perform a physical exam and tests.
 PCR test
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test - an essential test that detects the genetic
material of the SARS virus in specimens of a patient's blood, stool, or nasal
secretions
 Serologic Testing
Laboratory test that searches for antibodies (substances made by the body's
immune system to fight a specific infection) to the SARS virus in the patient's
blood
 Viral Culture
Asmall sample of the patient's tissue or fluid that may be infected is placed in
a container along with cells in which the SARS virus can grow and if the SARS
virus grows in the culture, it will cause changes in the cells that can be seen
under amicroscope

11. TREATMENT
• No uniform treatment for SARS-CoV
• Antibiotics are ineffective as SARS is a viral disease.
• Can easily be confused with other lung related illnesses so
patients areusually given:
 Broad-spectrum antibiotics
 Antiviral agents(Ribavarin)
 Immunomodulatory therapy(steroids)
 Supportive care

12. DOSAGE REGIMEN [GENERAL]
• Tab FAVIPIRAVIR
• Prednisolone (Immunosuppressant)
• Cap Doxycycline and lactic acid Bacillus
• Tab Rabeprazole and Domperidome
• Tab Sumo or any antipyretic
• Cap Atorvastatin and Aspirin
• Cap Dabigatron Etexilate
• Monteleukast sodium and Levocitrazine HCL
• (Immulite-C) Vitamin C , Vitamin D3, Zinc sulphate tabs
• Multivitamin syrup

13. PREVENTION
1. washing hands frequently or cleaning with an
alcohol-based detergent
2. avoiding touching the eyes, mouth, and nose with
unclean hands
3. covering the mouth and nose with a tissue when
coughing or sneezing
4. avoiding sharing food, drinks, and utensils
5. staying at least 3 feet away from other people
6. regularly cleaning surfaces with disinfectant

14. EARLY RECOGNITION AND PREVENTION OF
TRANSMISSION IN OUTPATIENT SETTINGS
● All persons with signs and symptoms of a respiratory infection, should be instructed to:
1.Cover the nose/mouth when coughing or sneezing.
2.Use tissues to contain respiratory secretions.
3.Dispose of tissues in the nearest waste receptacle after use.
4.Perform hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions and contaminated
objects/materials.
●Healthcare facilities should ensure the availability of materials for adhering to respiratory
hygiene/cough etiquette in waiting areas for patients and visitors:
1. Provide tissues and no-touch receptacles (i.e., waste container with pedal-operated lid or
uncovered waste container) for used tissue disposal.
2.Provide conveniently located dispensers of alcohol-based hand rub.
3.Provide soap and disposable towels for hand washing where sinks are available.

15. X-RAY OF SARS
PATIENT
Initial Stage Fatal Stage

16. THANKYOU 🙂