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HAPTER 4 Relational Databases
INTRODUCTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
INTRODUCTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FILE VS. DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],04/20/85 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 11/24/86 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 10/11/84 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Birth Date Phone Number First Name Last Name Student ID STUDENTS
FILE VS. DATABASES ,[object Object],04/20/85 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 11/24/86 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 10/11/84 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Birth Date Phone Number First Name Last Name Student ID STUDENTS
FILE VS. DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],04/20/85 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 11/24/86 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 10/11/84 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Birth Date Phone Number First Name Last Name Student ID STUDENTS
FILE VS. DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],04/20/85 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 11/24/86 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 10/11/84 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Birth Date Phone Number First Name Last Name Student ID STUDENTS
FILE VS. DATABASES ,[object Object],Student File Class File Advisor File
FILE VS. DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FILE VS. DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Master File 1 Fact A Fact B Fact C Master File 2 Fact A Fact D Fact F Master File 1 Fact A Fact B Fact F Enrollment Program Fin. Aid Program Grades Program
FILE VS. DATABASES ,[object Object],Database Fact A  Fact B Fact C  Fact D Fact E  Fact F Enrollment Program Fin. Aid Program Grades Program Database Management System
FILE VS. DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],Database Fact A  Fact B Fact C  Fact D Fact E  Fact F Enrollment Program Fin. Aid Program Grades Program Database Management System
FILE VS. DATABASES ,[object Object],Database Fact A  Fact B Fact C  Fact D Fact E  Fact F Enrollment Program Fin. Aid Program Grades Program Database Management System
FILE VS. DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],Database Fact A  Fact B Fact C  Fact D Fact E  Fact F Enrollment Program Fin. Aid Program Grades Program Database Management System
IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Database Enrollment by Class Logical View—User A Logical View—User B DBMS Operating System The DBMS translates users’ logical views into instructions as to which data should be retrieved from the database.
Database Enrollment by Class Logical View—User A Logical View—User B DBMS Operating System The operating system translates DBMS requests into instructions to physically retrieve data from various disks.
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Subschema--User A Smith . . . A Jones . . . B Arnold . . .D Subschema--User B Subschema--User C Enroll Cash Receipt Classes Student Mapping external-level views to conceptual-level schema Mapping conceptual-level items to internal-level descriptions
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Subschema--User A Smith . . . A Jones . . . B Arnold . . .D Subschema--User B Subschema--User C Enroll Cash Receipt Classes Student Mapping external-level views to conceptual-level schema Mapping conceptual-level items to internal-level descriptions
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Subschema--User A Smith . . . A Jones . . . B Arnold . . .D Subschema--User B Subschema--User C Enroll Cash Receipt Classes Student Mapping external-level views to conceptual-level schema Mapping conceptual-level items to internal-level descriptions
Subschema--User A Smith . . . A Jones . . . B Arnold . . .D Subschema--User B Subschema--User C Enroll Cash Receipt Classes Student Mapping external-level views to conceptual-level schema Mapping conceptual-level items to internal-level descriptions The bidirectional arrows represent mappings between the schema.
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS ,[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object]
Relation
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object]
Each row is called a tuple, which rhymes with “couple.”
Each row contains data about a specific occurrence of the type of entity in the table.
Each column in a table contains information about a specific attribute of the entity.
A primary key is the attribute or combination of attributes that uniquely identifies a specific row in a table.
In some tables, two or more attributes may be joined to form the primary key.
A foreign key is an attribute in one table that is a primary key in another table. 203 J.D. Radowski 1506 202 Xi Zhang 1503 316 Amy Melton 1419 420 Glen Howard 1418 Office No. First Name Last Name Advisor No. ADVISORS 1503 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 1418 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 1418 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Advisor No. Phone No. First Name Last Name Student ID STUDENTS
Foreign keys are used to link tables together. 203 J.D. Radowski 1506 202 Xi Zhang 1503 316 Amy Melton 1419 420 Glen Howard 1418 Office No. First Name Last Name Advisor No. ADVISORS 1503 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 1418 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 1418 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Advisor No. Phone No. First Name Last Name Student ID STUDENTS
Other non-key attributes in each table store important information about the entity. 203 J.D. Radowski 1506 202 Xi Zhang 1503 316 Amy Melton 1419 420 Glen Howard 1418 Office No. First Name Last Name Advisor No. ADVISORS 1503 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 1418 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 1418 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Advisor No. Phone No. First Name Last Name Student ID STUDENTS
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],11:00 AM Th 3 FIN-3213 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 10:00 AM T 2 ACCT-3433 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 9:00 AM F 7 ANSI-1422 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 8:00 AM W 5 MGMT-3021 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 10:00 AM T 2 ACCT-3433 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 12:00 PM TH 11 MGMT-3021 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 11:00 AM Th 3 FIN-3213 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 9:00 AM M 1 ACCT-3603 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Time Day Section Course No. Phone No. First Name Last Name Student ID
[object Object],[object Object],11:00 AM Th 3 FIN-3213 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 10:00 AM T 2 ACCT-3433 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 9:00 AM F 7 ANSI-1422 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 8:00 AM W 5 MGMT-3021 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 10:00 AM T 2 ACCT-3433 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 12:00 PM TH 11 MGMT-3021 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 11:00 AM Th 3 FIN-3213 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 9:00 AM M 1 ACCT-3603 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Time Day Sect. Course No. Phone No. First Name Last Name Student ID
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],11:00 AM Th 3 FIN-3213 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 10:00 AM T 2 ACCT-3433 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 9:00 AM F 7 ANSI-1422 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 8:00 AM W 5 MGMT-3021 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 10:00 AM T 2 ACCT-3433 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 12:00 PM TH 11 MGMT-3021 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 11:00 AM Th 3 FIN-3213 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 9:00 AM M 1 ACCT-3603 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Time Day Sect. Course No. Phone No. First Name Last Name Student ID
[object Object],[object Object],11:00 AM Th 3 FIN-3213 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 10:00 AM T 2 ACCT-3433 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 9:00 AM F 7 ANSI-1422 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 8:00 AM W 5 MGMT-3021 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 10:00 AM T 2 ACCT-3433 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 12:00 PM TH 11 MGMT-3021 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 11:00 AM Th 3 FIN-3213 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 9:00 AM M 1 ACCT-3603 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Time Day Sect. Course No. Phone No. First Name Last Name Student ID
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],    FIN-3213 ACCT-3433 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789   ANSI-1422 MGMT-3021 ACCT-3433 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111   MGMT-3021 FIN-3213 ACCT-3603 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class 1 Phone No. First Name Last Name Student ID0
[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advisor No.  is a foreign key in the STUDENTS table.  Every incident of  Advisor No.  in the STUDENTS table either matches an instance of the primary key in the ADVISORS table or is null. 203 J.D. Radowski 1506 202 Xi Zhang 1503 316 Amy Melton 1419 420 Glen Howard 1418 Office No. First Name Last Name Advisor No. ADVISORS 1503 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 1418 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 1418 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Advisor No. Phone No. First Name Last Name Student ID STUDENTS
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RELATIONAL DATABASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS AND THE FUTURE OF ACCOUNTING ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS AND THE FUTURE OF ACCOUNTING ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DATABASE SYSTEMS AND THE FUTURE OF ACCOUNTING ,[object Object],[object Object]
SUMMARY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Ais Romney 2006 Slides 04 Relational Databases

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  • 28. Database Enrollment by Class Logical View—User A Logical View—User B DBMS Operating System The DBMS translates users’ logical views into instructions as to which data should be retrieved from the database.
  • 29. Database Enrollment by Class Logical View—User A Logical View—User B DBMS Operating System The operating system translates DBMS requests into instructions to physically retrieve data from various disks.
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  • 33. Subschema--User A Smith . . . A Jones . . . B Arnold . . .D Subschema--User B Subschema--User C Enroll Cash Receipt Classes Student Mapping external-level views to conceptual-level schema Mapping conceptual-level items to internal-level descriptions
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  • 35. Subschema--User A Smith . . . A Jones . . . B Arnold . . .D Subschema--User B Subschema--User C Enroll Cash Receipt Classes Student Mapping external-level views to conceptual-level schema Mapping conceptual-level items to internal-level descriptions
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  • 37. Subschema--User A Smith . . . A Jones . . . B Arnold . . .D Subschema--User B Subschema--User C Enroll Cash Receipt Classes Student Mapping external-level views to conceptual-level schema Mapping conceptual-level items to internal-level descriptions
  • 38. Subschema--User A Smith . . . A Jones . . . B Arnold . . .D Subschema--User B Subschema--User C Enroll Cash Receipt Classes Student Mapping external-level views to conceptual-level schema Mapping conceptual-level items to internal-level descriptions The bidirectional arrows represent mappings between the schema.
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  • 58. Each row is called a tuple, which rhymes with “couple.”
  • 59. Each row contains data about a specific occurrence of the type of entity in the table.
  • 60. Each column in a table contains information about a specific attribute of the entity.
  • 61. A primary key is the attribute or combination of attributes that uniquely identifies a specific row in a table.
  • 62. In some tables, two or more attributes may be joined to form the primary key.
  • 63. A foreign key is an attribute in one table that is a primary key in another table. 203 J.D. Radowski 1506 202 Xi Zhang 1503 316 Amy Melton 1419 420 Glen Howard 1418 Office No. First Name Last Name Advisor No. ADVISORS 1503 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 1418 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 1418 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Advisor No. Phone No. First Name Last Name Student ID STUDENTS
  • 64. Foreign keys are used to link tables together. 203 J.D. Radowski 1506 202 Xi Zhang 1503 316 Amy Melton 1419 420 Glen Howard 1418 Office No. First Name Last Name Advisor No. ADVISORS 1503 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 1418 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 1418 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Advisor No. Phone No. First Name Last Name Student ID STUDENTS
  • 65. Other non-key attributes in each table store important information about the entity. 203 J.D. Radowski 1506 202 Xi Zhang 1503 316 Amy Melton 1419 420 Glen Howard 1418 Office No. First Name Last Name Advisor No. ADVISORS 1503 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 1418 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 1418 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Advisor No. Phone No. First Name Last Name Student ID STUDENTS
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  • 78. Advisor No. is a foreign key in the STUDENTS table. Every incident of Advisor No. in the STUDENTS table either matches an instance of the primary key in the ADVISORS table or is null. 203 J.D. Radowski 1506 202 Xi Zhang 1503 316 Amy Melton 1419 420 Glen Howard 1418 Office No. First Name Last Name Advisor No. ADVISORS 1503 555-5555 Artie Moore 123-45-6789 1418 444-4444 Ned Sanders 111-11-1111 1418 333-3333 Alice Simpson 333-33-3333 Advisor No. Phone No. First Name Last Name Student ID STUDENTS
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