Airbags
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Airbags are supplementary restraint systems that inflate quickly during a crash to prevent drivers and passengers from hitting hard surfaces inside the vehicle. They consist of an airbag module containing a folded nylon airbag and inflator unit, diagnostic and crash sensors, and related electronics. Upon detecting a crash, sensors trigger the inflator unit which produces gas to rapidly inflate the airbag within 0.05 seconds, cushioning the occupant's impact. The airbag then deflates within 0.3 seconds through small pores. Modern airbags now provide enhanced protection to the head, neck and other body areas.
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Airbags and it’s role in safety
Airbags are safety devices that inflate rapidly during a collision to protect passengers. They work by cushioning impacts and spreading out the force over a larger area of the body. Airbags are most commonly made of woven nylon fabric and contain sodium azide, which produces nitrogen gas to inflate the bag within 30-60 milliseconds of a crash. Common airbag locations include the steering wheel and passenger dashboard. New technologies continue to be developed, such as side curtain airbags, to improve safety.
Airbag inflation system
This document discusses the components and basic mechanism of an airbag inflation system. It describes how an airbag consists of a flexible envelope that inflates rapidly during a collision to prevent occupants from hitting hard interior objects. The key components that enable this are an accelerometer sensor, airbag control unit, nylon fabric, and inflation device. Upon impact, the sensor triggers the control unit to release gas from the inflation device, causing the nylon bag in the steering wheel or above the glove compartment to inflate within 0.05 seconds and cushion the occupant from impact.
Air Bags Used in Automobiles
This document discusses airbags used in automobiles. It begins with an introduction to airbags, noting they are safety restraint systems that rapidly inflate during a collision. It then discusses the purpose of airbags is to protect occupants from hitting hard surfaces in a crash. The document goes on to explain the physics behind how airbags reduce force on the body during impact by increasing time over which force is applied and distributing force over a larger area. It provides details on the design, construction, types, materials and manufacturing of airbag systems. In conclusion, it states airbags made from nylon 6,6 are commonly used due to their strength, energy absorption and thermal resistance properties.
Airbags
Introduction, Development, Working of Airbags, Advantages and Disadvantages of Airbags, Flow chart of Working, Future Aspects
Airbags & seat belts
For years, the trusty seat belt provided the sole form of passive restraint in our cars.
Statistics have shown that the use of seat belts has saved thousands of lives that might have been lost in collisions. Air Bags have been under development for many years. The attraction of a soft pillow to land against in a crash must be very strong.
Safety Airbags in Cars
Airbags have been under development for many years to help protect passengers in the event of a car crash. An airbag system consists of an inflatable bag, sensors to detect an impact, and an inflation system. Upon detection of a crash, sensors trigger the inflation system which uses a chemical reaction to rapidly inflate the bag within milliseconds from the steering wheel or dashboard. Future airbag systems aim to be smarter with occupant detection sensors to tailor airbag deployment based on passenger size or position. Airbags have been shown to significantly reduce fatality risk in drivers when deployed.
Car Airbag
Airbags are vehicle safety devices that inflate rapidly during a collision to cushion occupants and reduce injury. They consist of flexible fabric envelopes located in the steering wheel and dashboard. Sensors detect rapid vehicle deceleration during a crash and trigger inflation of the airbag from nitrogen gas in 30 milliseconds or less to protect occupants. While effective, airbags also carry injury risks if deployed improperly so safety has been a priority in their design.
Airbags in automobile void new.pptx
Airbags were developed to provide protection for automobile drivers and passengers during accidents. They work by rapidly inflating with gas upon collision to cushion occupants from impact. Modern airbags are located in the steering wheel, dashboard, doors, and seats. They supplement seatbelts and help distribute crash forces across the body. While airbags save thousands of lives each year, they can also potentially cause injuries if deployed improperly. Automakers are working to develop more advanced airbag systems tailored to occupants.
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Airbags and it’s role in safety
Airbags are safety devices that inflate rapidly during a collision to protect passengers. They work by cushioning impacts and spreading out the force over a larger area of the body. Airbags are most commonly made of woven nylon fabric and contain sodium azide, which produces nitrogen gas to inflate the bag within 30-60 milliseconds of a crash. Common airbag locations include the steering wheel and passenger dashboard. New technologies continue to be developed, such as side curtain airbags, to improve safety.
Airbag inflation system
This document discusses the components and basic mechanism of an airbag inflation system. It describes how an airbag consists of a flexible envelope that inflates rapidly during a collision to prevent occupants from hitting hard interior objects. The key components that enable this are an accelerometer sensor, airbag control unit, nylon fabric, and inflation device. Upon impact, the sensor triggers the control unit to release gas from the inflation device, causing the nylon bag in the steering wheel or above the glove compartment to inflate within 0.05 seconds and cushion the occupant from impact.
Air Bags Used in Automobiles
This document discusses airbags used in automobiles. It begins with an introduction to airbags, noting they are safety restraint systems that rapidly inflate during a collision. It then discusses the purpose of airbags is to protect occupants from hitting hard surfaces in a crash. The document goes on to explain the physics behind how airbags reduce force on the body during impact by increasing time over which force is applied and distributing force over a larger area. It provides details on the design, construction, types, materials and manufacturing of airbag systems. In conclusion, it states airbags made from nylon 6,6 are commonly used due to their strength, energy absorption and thermal resistance properties.
Airbags
Introduction, Development, Working of Airbags, Advantages and Disadvantages of Airbags, Flow chart of Working, Future Aspects
Airbags & seat belts
For years, the trusty seat belt provided the sole form of passive restraint in our cars.
Statistics have shown that the use of seat belts has saved thousands of lives that might have been lost in collisions. Air Bags have been under development for many years. The attraction of a soft pillow to land against in a crash must be very strong.
Safety Airbags in Cars
Airbags have been under development for many years to help protect passengers in the event of a car crash. An airbag system consists of an inflatable bag, sensors to detect an impact, and an inflation system. Upon detection of a crash, sensors trigger the inflation system which uses a chemical reaction to rapidly inflate the bag within milliseconds from the steering wheel or dashboard. Future airbag systems aim to be smarter with occupant detection sensors to tailor airbag deployment based on passenger size or position. Airbags have been shown to significantly reduce fatality risk in drivers when deployed.
Car Airbag
Airbags are vehicle safety devices that inflate rapidly during a collision to cushion occupants and reduce injury. They consist of flexible fabric envelopes located in the steering wheel and dashboard. Sensors detect rapid vehicle deceleration during a crash and trigger inflation of the airbag from nitrogen gas in 30 milliseconds or less to protect occupants. While effective, airbags also carry injury risks if deployed improperly so safety has been a priority in their design.
Airbags in automobile void new.pptx
Airbags were developed to provide protection for automobile drivers and passengers during accidents. They work by rapidly inflating with gas upon collision to cushion occupants from impact. Modern airbags are located in the steering wheel, dashboard, doors, and seats. They supplement seatbelts and help distribute crash forces across the body. While airbags save thousands of lives each year, they can also potentially cause injuries if deployed improperly. Automakers are working to develop more advanced airbag systems tailored to occupants.
Air bag
This document discusses the history and operation of airbags. It describes how airbags work by using sensors to detect impacts and inflate a nylon bag to prevent passengers from hitting hard surfaces. The document outlines the main airbag components like modules, sensors, and inflators. It also discusses limitations of airbags and applications beyond vehicles, such as airbag helmets and jackets.
Electronic stability control
Electronic stability control (ESC) uses sensors to detect loss of control and applies brakes to individual wheels to help drivers maintain control and bring the vehicle back on the intended path. ESC was first introduced by BMW in 1980 and later adopted by other manufacturers. It uses wheel speed, vehicle speed, steering wheel angle, and yaw rate sensors along with brake force controllers and a master cylinder to stabilize the vehicle. Studies show ESC can prevent about one-third of fatal accidents.
Advances in Automobile Safety Systems - Prashant Kumar
The document discusses various active and passive automobile safety systems. It describes electronic stability control, anti-lock braking systems, traction control, emergency brake assist, roll stability control, night vision systems, adaptive cruise control, tire pressure monitoring, blind spot detection, and adaptive headlights as important active safety features. Passive safety systems covered include active head restraints, airbags, crash resistant door pillars, crumple zones, and seat belt pretensioners. The goal of these systems is to help prevent accidents and protect occupants both before and during a crash.
Air Bag System
1) Airbags were initially developed for fighter planes in World War 2 and were introduced in cars in the 1980s. They are now required in all new cars.
2) Airbags work by rapidly inflating with gas generated from a chemical reaction upon crash sensor detection of a frontal collision. Sodium azide produces nitrogen gas to fill the airbag in a series of reactions.
3) The main components of an airbag system are the airbag module containing the inflator and airbag, crash sensors to detect a collision, and a diagnostic unit. Sensors can be mass-type or roller-type and are located at the front and inside the passenger compartment.
SEMI REPORT ON AIRBAG SYS
This document is a seminar report on airbag systems submitted in partial fulfillment for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. It provides an overview of the history and development of airbags, including key events like the introduction of regulations in the 1960s and 1980s requiring passive restraint systems in vehicles. The report also outlines the main components of airbag systems like the airbag module, sensors, and airbag control unit. It describes the different types of airbags and their functions, as well as some risks associated with airbags. The conclusion states that airbags reduce the risk of death in frontal crashes by 30% when used along with seatbelts.
Airbags ppt
The document discusses airbags as a safety restraint system in automobiles. It begins by providing background on the development of airbags, noting they were created as a soft cushion to land against in a crash. The basics section explains how airbags work based on Newton's second law of motion to slow a passenger's speed to zero during a collision. The main parts of an airbag are described as the bag itself, made of thin nylon fabric, as well as sensors and an inflation system using hot nitrogen gas. The working section then outlines how the system detects a crash and ignites the nitrogen gas to rapidly inflate the airbag. Modern airbag types including side, curtain, and door airbags are also discussed.
slides on AIR BAG SYS
This document provides an overview of airbag systems. It discusses the development of airbags from their origins in airplanes to modern automotive applications. The key parts of an airbag system are described, including the bag, sensor, and inflation system. The document outlines the chemical reaction that inflates the bag and different sensor types. Modern airbag technologies like curtain and head-thorax bags are also reviewed. In conclusion, airbags are an important safety feature that have saved many lives.
Automobile safety seminar report
This document discusses various aspects of automobile safety, including active safety features that help prevent crashes (e.g. brakes, lights), passive safety features that protect during crashes (e.g. airbags, seatbelts), and safety issues for different demographic groups (e.g. teens, elderly). It provides detailed lists and explanations of active safety technologies like driver assistance systems, crashworthiness features, and factors that influence safety like vehicle color. International safety trends over time and differences between countries are also reviewed.
Automobile safety
This document discusses various safety features of automobiles, including airbags, anti-lock braking systems, and electronic stability control. It notes that the automobile industry spends $36 billion annually on new safety technologies. Airbags are described as cushions that inflate quickly during a collision to prevent head and chest injuries. Different types of airbags like driver, passenger, and curtain airbags are mentioned. The document also provides information on how anti-lock braking systems and electronic stability control work to help drivers maintain control of their vehicles during braking or slippery conditions. Effectiveness data is presented showing improvements in safety provided by these systems.
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This document discusses various automobile safety systems. It begins by introducing automobile safety and some early studies on improving vehicle safety through seat belts and padded dashboards. It then describes several key active and passive safety systems used in modern vehicles, including airbags, seat belts, anti-lock braking systems, collision warning systems, blind spot detectors, electronic stability control, and cruise control. For each system, it provides a brief explanation of its purpose and functioning to enhance road safety and prevent injuries during accidents.
innovations in automobile safety
Automobile safety aims to minimize accidents and consequences through design, equipment, and regulation. Safety systems are classified as active or passive based on whether they act before or after an accident. Active safety focuses on aerodynamics, self-healing materials, traction control, hill assist, adaptive cruise control and headlights to avoid accidents. Passive safety includes airbags, seatbelt pretensioners, and active head restraints that protect during accidents. Advanced technologies have significantly reduced fatality rates, though more affordable safety systems are still needed in many markets.
Automobile safety system
Vehicle safety technology is important for protecting drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. Active safety systems like electronic stability control and passive safety systems like airbags help prevent accidents and minimize injury. Modern vehicles have many advanced driver assistance systems such as blind spot monitoring, lane departure warning, and emergency braking to help avoid collisions. Seatbelts and airbags are critical passive restraints that help limit occupant movement during a crash. Proper tire pressure monitoring and anti-lock braking systems also improve safety.
Traction control system
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THANK YOU!!!!!!
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This presentation browses the most relevant safety systems for road vehicles. It is organized according to the traditional classification of safety systems: active safety and passive safety. Active safety systems help preventing accidents, so they they control the dynamics of the vehicle. Passive safety systems help mitigating the consequences of accidents, thus they protect occupants and pedestrians upon a crash.
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Safety of automobile Report
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Airbags2
Airbags are a supplementary restraint system that inflates during a crash to prevent occupants from hitting the vehicle's interior. The three main components are the airbag module, diagnostic unit, and crash sensors. The airbag module contains the airbag and inflator unit. The diagnostic unit monitors readiness and the sensors detect crashes over 8 mph to trigger deployment. Advanced smart restraint systems adapt deployment based on crash details and occupants detected through various sensors.
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This document discusses the history and operation of airbags. It describes how airbags work by using sensors to detect impacts and inflate a nylon bag to prevent passengers from hitting hard surfaces. The document outlines the main airbag components like modules, sensors, and inflators. It also discusses limitations of airbags and applications beyond vehicles, such as airbag helmets and jackets.
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Electronic stability control (ESC) uses sensors to detect loss of control and applies brakes to individual wheels to help drivers maintain control and bring the vehicle back on the intended path. ESC was first introduced by BMW in 1980 and later adopted by other manufacturers. It uses wheel speed, vehicle speed, steering wheel angle, and yaw rate sensors along with brake force controllers and a master cylinder to stabilize the vehicle. Studies show ESC can prevent about one-third of fatal accidents.
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The document discusses various active and passive automobile safety systems. It describes electronic stability control, anti-lock braking systems, traction control, emergency brake assist, roll stability control, night vision systems, adaptive cruise control, tire pressure monitoring, blind spot detection, and adaptive headlights as important active safety features. Passive safety systems covered include active head restraints, airbags, crash resistant door pillars, crumple zones, and seat belt pretensioners. The goal of these systems is to help prevent accidents and protect occupants both before and during a crash.
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1) Airbags were initially developed for fighter planes in World War 2 and were introduced in cars in the 1980s. They are now required in all new cars.
2) Airbags work by rapidly inflating with gas generated from a chemical reaction upon crash sensor detection of a frontal collision. Sodium azide produces nitrogen gas to fill the airbag in a series of reactions.
3) The main components of an airbag system are the airbag module containing the inflator and airbag, crash sensors to detect a collision, and a diagnostic unit. Sensors can be mass-type or roller-type and are located at the front and inside the passenger compartment.
SEMI REPORT ON AIRBAG SYS
This document is a seminar report on airbag systems submitted in partial fulfillment for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. It provides an overview of the history and development of airbags, including key events like the introduction of regulations in the 1960s and 1980s requiring passive restraint systems in vehicles. The report also outlines the main components of airbag systems like the airbag module, sensors, and airbag control unit. It describes the different types of airbags and their functions, as well as some risks associated with airbags. The conclusion states that airbags reduce the risk of death in frontal crashes by 30% when used along with seatbelts.
Airbags ppt
The document discusses airbags as a safety restraint system in automobiles. It begins by providing background on the development of airbags, noting they were created as a soft cushion to land against in a crash. The basics section explains how airbags work based on Newton's second law of motion to slow a passenger's speed to zero during a collision. The main parts of an airbag are described as the bag itself, made of thin nylon fabric, as well as sensors and an inflation system using hot nitrogen gas. The working section then outlines how the system detects a crash and ignites the nitrogen gas to rapidly inflate the airbag. Modern airbag types including side, curtain, and door airbags are also discussed.
slides on AIR BAG SYS
This document provides an overview of airbag systems. It discusses the development of airbags from their origins in airplanes to modern automotive applications. The key parts of an airbag system are described, including the bag, sensor, and inflation system. The document outlines the chemical reaction that inflates the bag and different sensor types. Modern airbag technologies like curtain and head-thorax bags are also reviewed. In conclusion, airbags are an important safety feature that have saved many lives.
Automobile safety seminar report
This document discusses various aspects of automobile safety, including active safety features that help prevent crashes (e.g. brakes, lights), passive safety features that protect during crashes (e.g. airbags, seatbelts), and safety issues for different demographic groups (e.g. teens, elderly). It provides detailed lists and explanations of active safety technologies like driver assistance systems, crashworthiness features, and factors that influence safety like vehicle color. International safety trends over time and differences between countries are also reviewed.
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Automobile safety system
This document discusses various automobile safety systems. It begins by introducing automobile safety and some early studies on improving vehicle safety through seat belts and padded dashboards. It then describes several key active and passive safety systems used in modern vehicles, including airbags, seat belts, anti-lock braking systems, collision warning systems, blind spot detectors, electronic stability control, and cruise control. For each system, it provides a brief explanation of its purpose and functioning to enhance road safety and prevent injuries during accidents.
innovations in automobile safety
Automobile safety aims to minimize accidents and consequences through design, equipment, and regulation. Safety systems are classified as active or passive based on whether they act before or after an accident. Active safety focuses on aerodynamics, self-healing materials, traction control, hill assist, adaptive cruise control and headlights to avoid accidents. Passive safety includes airbags, seatbelt pretensioners, and active head restraints that protect during accidents. Advanced technologies have significantly reduced fatality rates, though more affordable safety systems are still needed in many markets.
Automobile safety system
Vehicle safety technology is important for protecting drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. Active safety systems like electronic stability control and passive safety systems like airbags help prevent accidents and minimize injury. Modern vehicles have many advanced driver assistance systems such as blind spot monitoring, lane departure warning, and emergency braking to help avoid collisions. Seatbelts and airbags are critical passive restraints that help limit occupant movement during a crash. Proper tire pressure monitoring and anti-lock braking systems also improve safety.
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Here is a ppt on traction control system.Hope you guys like the ppt and i hop that it would be of use for you.
THANK YOU!!!!!!
Automotive Systems course (Module 10) - Active and Passive Safety Systems for...
This presentation browses the most relevant safety systems for road vehicles. It is organized according to the traditional classification of safety systems: active safety and passive safety. Active safety systems help preventing accidents, so they they control the dynamics of the vehicle. Passive safety systems help mitigating the consequences of accidents, thus they protect occupants and pedestrians upon a crash.
Esp presentation
This document discusses electronic stability control (ESC) systems in vehicles. ESC uses sensors to detect loss of traction and reduce engine power or apply brakes to individual wheels to keep the vehicle going in the driver's intended direction. The document outlines the history and development of ESC from the 1980s to today. It describes how ESC systems work using sensors and control units to monitor vehicle behavior and intervene when needed to improve stability. The document also discusses studies showing ESC reduces crashes by 35% and could prevent over 10,000 fatal crashes annually in the US.
Safety of automobile Report
The recent trend manufacturer’s shows keen interest in safety and pleasure riding. The seat belts and the airbags which are now a important attachment of the cars must be utilized fully for safer riding. The weakest and most harzdous part the glasses in cars are also now made to add safety with the advanced technology. If this condition persist the safety factor in cars will reach a pioneer position. With these kind of improved technology will pay way for usage of large number of passenger cars
Intelligent automotive safety system
This helps you to know the advance technology of automotive.In this paper, I address the influence of ICT based Intelligent Automobile Safety System reduce the proportion of Highway Accidents due to human factor (i.e. 95%). These systems make use of ICT to provide solutions for improving road safety in particular in the pre-crash phase. These systems operate either autonomously on board of the vehicle or co-operatively through vehicle to vehicle or vehicle to infrastructure communications. They make it possible to ensure safe speed, lane support, pedestrian protection, night improved vision, driver information system, GPS & GIS navigation, emergency braking system, hill ascending & descending holders, traction control, roll over and its protection and wine smell detector.
History Of Seat Belt & Its Usage
Seat belts are important safety devices that are anchored in vehicles to prevent collision with internal structures and injury during accidents. They were invented over a century ago but did not become standardized or mandatory until the 1960s-1970s. Seat belts work by holding the occupant securely in the seat and spreading out the force of impact in a collision over stronger parts of the body. Their proper use reduces the chances of fatality or ejection from the vehicle and minimizes injuries.
Automatic air suspension system
The document discusses an automatic air suspension system for vehicles. It provides an introduction to air suspension systems and their role in supporting a vehicle's weight while providing a smoother ride. The key components of an air suspension system are the air supply, air bags, and height control valves. It works by using air bags made of rubber and plastic that are inflated or deflated to adjust the vehicle's height and maintain a level position. The advantages listed are excellent suspension and comfort, fully automatic level control, good handling, protection of the vehicle from damage, keeping tires firmly pressed to the ground, and increasing the life of the vehicle.
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
What is an Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)?
History of ABS
Motivation for ABS Development
Principles for ABS Operation
ABS Components
Subaru Impreza ABS Application.
How does ABS work?
Anti-Lock Brake Types
ABS Configurations
Design Challenges
Advantages & Disadvantages
ABS Problems
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Advances in Automobile Safety Systems - Prashant Kumar
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Airbags2
Airbags are a supplementary restraint system that inflates during a crash to prevent occupants from hitting the vehicle's interior. The three main components are the airbag module, diagnostic unit, and crash sensors. The airbag module contains the airbag and inflator unit. The diagnostic unit monitors readiness and the sensors detect crashes over 8 mph to trigger deployment. Advanced smart restraint systems adapt deployment based on crash details and occupants detected through various sensors.
Automotive Airbag Solution from Freescale
The document summarizes Freescale's automotive airbag solution, including its main components, working principle, and interface. It describes the airbag system basis chip MC33789, which provides a complete solution. It also outlines Freescale's portfolio of sensors, MCUs, and other chips that support airbag systems using the PSI5 and DSI protocols.
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Safety restraint systems
1) The document discusses several new vehicle safety systems including airbags, energy-absorbing bumpers, and rollover protection systems.
2) Airbags include supplemental restraint systems, side impact airbags, head protection airbags, knee bolsters, and seat belt pretensioners. Newer vehicles can have 1-14 airbags in various locations.
3) Rollover protection systems use sensors to detect potential rollovers and deploy roll bars or pop-up roofs to protect occupants. Rescuers must be aware of deployment zones during extrication.
Air-Bag system
An air bag system deploys within 0.2 seconds of a crash being initiated. Crash sensors detect the impact within 0.015 seconds and send data to the integrated controller. The controller evaluates the data by 0.016 seconds and determines if airbag deployment is needed. If so, automatic belt tensioners activate at 0.017 seconds and the driver and passenger side airbags deploy by 0.018 seconds. Servicing the air bag system requires disconnecting the clock spring assembly and power module for safety, with diagnosis done through reading flash codes or pinpoint testing with a digital volt ohm meter.
Car crash testing
Crash tests are conducted to evaluate vehicle safety and reduce injuries. Standard tests include frontal impacts at 35 mph into a barrier, side impacts from a moving barrier at 31 mph, and offset frontal crashes where only one side hits a barrier at 40 mph. Advanced crash test facilities use dummies equipped with sensors, barriers, and high speed cameras to analyze crash forces and the likelihood of injury. Vehicle structures are designed to manage crash energy through elements like crumple zones that absorb the force of impacts. Star ratings indicate a vehicle's expected level of occupant protection based on test results.
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El documento describe los componentes y funcionamiento de un sistema de airbags, incluyendo sensores que detectan colisiones, infladores de gas que despliegan las bolsas de aire, y su activación en caso de choques frontales, laterales o traseros para proteger a los ocupantes.
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Airbags are inflatable cushions that deploy quickly in a collision to protect vehicle occupants. They supplement seatbelts. The airbag system includes crash sensors, an electronic control unit, an inflator, and airbag module. Upon impact, sensors trigger the inflator to ignite sodium azide propellant, rapidly inflating the airbag in under 50 milliseconds. Airbags are manufactured by weaving nylon fabric, coating it, assembling inflators and propellants, sewing airbags, testing modules, and installing in vehicles. Airbag testing and crash testing help evaluate performance under various conditions to enhance safety.
Textiles in automobile -FDP
Textiles play an important role in automobiles, being used in both visible and concealed components. Visible textiles include upholstery, carpets, and headliners, while concealed textiles are used in tyre cords, hoses, belts, airbags, and filters. Different fibers are used for different applications, with polyester, nylon, and glass fibers being common. Emerging technologies include the use of carbon fiber and airbag shaping to improve safety. The future of automotive textiles will be influenced by environmental, cost, and safety factors.
Chapter 46
This document provides information on safety precautions and procedures for diagnosing and repairing airbag systems. It discusses key components like sensors, inflators, wiring and precautions for working around airbags. The summary is:
The document outlines safety precautions and procedures for working on airbag systems, describing components like sensors and inflators. It discusses diagnosing airbag faults using tools like scan tools and load simulators. Technicians must take precautions like disabling the airbag system and avoiding contacting sensors and inflators when working around deployed airbags.
AIRBAG SYSTEM FOR 2-WHEELER VEHICLE SYSTEM
This document proposes an airbag system for two-wheeler vehicles to help reduce accidents and injuries. It discusses installing airbags in the sides and between the bike to deploy when sensors detect angles less than 30 degrees or collisions. The system uses batteries and sensors to measure angles and crashes. When activated, the airbags open to prevent injuries to the rider's head, hands and legs. The document provides technical details and concludes that this technology could reduce fatality rates by 20-30% by providing protection to the rider and bike.
Passenger comfort and safety
This document discusses passenger comfort and safety in vehicles. It describes how vehicle safety has improved with advances in technology and regulations. It outlines two types of vehicle safety: active safety features that prevent accidents, and passive safety features that minimize injury if an accident occurs. Examples of active safety features include ABS, traction control, and collision warning systems. Passive safety features discussed include airbags, seatbelts, laminated glass, and collapsible steering columns, which are designed to protect occupants during a crash.
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Report on safety feature in car :::- by sachin kumar
Report on safety feature in car :::- by sachin kumar
Working of safety air bags and their manufacturing
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EV Charging at Multifamily Properties by Kevin Donnelly
Kevin Donnelly gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
AadiShakti Projects ( Asp Cranes ) Raipur
Welcome to ASP Cranes, your trusted partner for crane solutions in Raipur, Chhattisgarh! With years of experience and a commitment to excellence, we offer a comprehensive range of crane services tailored to meet your lifting and material handling needs.
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快速办理(napier毕业证书)英国龙比亚大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(napier毕业证书)英国龙比亚大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program Resources by Cat Plein
Cat Plein, Development & Communications Director of Forth, gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
一比一原版(Columbia文凭证书)哥伦比亚大学毕业证如何办理
一模一样【微信：176555708】【(Columbia文凭证书)哥伦比亚大学毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：176555708】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
原版制作(澳洲WSU毕业证书)西悉尼大学毕业证文凭证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(澳洲WSU毕业证书)西悉尼大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program by Kevin Miller
Kevin Miller, Senior Advisor, Business Models of the Joint Office of Energy and Transportation gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
Here's Why Every Semi-Truck Should Have ELDs
Implementing ELDs or Electronic Logging Devices is slowly but surely becoming the norm in fleet management. Why? Well, integrating ELDs and associated connected vehicle solutions like fleet tracking devices lets businesses and their in-house fleet managers reap several benefits. Check out the post below to learn more.
Hand Gesture Control Robotic Arm using image processing.pptx
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一比一原版(WashU文凭证书)圣路易斯华盛顿大学毕业证如何办理
一模一样【微信：176555708】【(WashU文凭证书)圣路易斯华盛顿大学毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：176555708】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Catalytic Converter theft prevention - NYC.pptx
Understanding Catalytic Converter Theft:
What is a Catalytic Converter?: Learn about the function of catalytic converters in vehicles and why they are targeted by thieves.
Why are They Stolen?: Discover the valuable metals inside catalytic converters (such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium) that make them attractive to criminals.
Steps to Prevent Catalytic Converter Theft:
Parking Strategies: Tips on where and how to park your vehicle to reduce the risk of theft, such as parking in well-lit areas or secure garages.
Protective Devices: Overview of various anti-theft devices available, including catalytic converter locks, shields, and alarms.
Etching and Marking: The benefits of etching your vehicle’s VIN on the catalytic converter or using a catalytic converter marking kit to make it traceable and less appealing to thieves.
Surveillance and Monitoring: Recommendations for using security cameras and motion-sensor lights to deter thieves.
Statistics and Insights:
Theft Rates by Borough: Analysis of data to determine which borough in NYC experiences the highest rate of catalytic converter thefts.
Recent Trends: Current trends and patterns in catalytic converter thefts to help you stay aware of emerging hotspots and tactics used by thieves.
Benefits of This Presentation:
Awareness: Increase your awareness about catalytic converter theft and its impact on vehicle owners.
Practical Tips: Gain actionable insights and tips to effectively prevent catalytic converter theft.
Local Insights: Understand the specific risks in different NYC boroughs, helping you take targeted preventive measures.
This presentation aims to equip you with the knowledge and tools needed to protect your vehicle from catalytic converter theft, ensuring you are prepared and proactive in safeguarding your property.
EV Charging at MFH Properties by Whitaker Jamieson
Whitaker Jamieson, Senior Specialist at Forth, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
Expanding Access to Affordable At-Home EV Charging by Vanessa Warheit
Vanessa Warheit, Co-Founder of EV Charging for All, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
MODULE ONE PRPC19 Design of Machine Elements- 1 .pdf
MODULE ONE PRPC19 Design of Machine Elements- 1 .pdf
原版制作(Exeter毕业证书)埃克塞特大学毕业证完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Exeter毕业证书)埃克塞特大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Charging and Fueling Infrastructure Grant: Round 2 by Brandt Hertenstein
Brandt Hertenstein, Program Manager of the Electrification Coalition gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
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Airbags
- 2. What are Airbags? Supplementary Restraint System for driver and/or passenger safety in case of a crash. Basic Mechanism: A thin nylon bag in the steering wheel / above glove compartment inflates in the event of an impact and prevents the driver/passenger from hitting the steering wheel/dashboard. 3 Main Components: 1) Airbag module 2) Diagnostic Unit 3) Crash sensors 2
- 3. Airbag Module Contains both inflator unit and light-weight fabric airbag and is located either inside: 1) Steering wheel hub 2) Above glove compartment 3)Near side compartment (as separate/combined head/side/window-curtain airbag) Airbag: Thin nylon fabric bag folded neatly into steering wheel that inflates to the size of a large beach ball on impact. Inflator unit: Contains a number of sodium azide pellets which are electrically ignited to produce N2 that then fills the airbag. This is preferred to storing compressed gas in the unit (space, durability) Both airbag and inflator unit are for single deployment only – i.e have to be replaced after a crash 3
- 4. Diagnostic Unit Enables inflator unit and sensors when vehicle is turned on, performs self check. Constantly monitors airbag readiness and indicates malfunctioning through an indicator on dashboard Usually stores electricity to activate airbag in the event that a crash damages the battery / link to battery Sensors • Several crash sensors located in the front of vehicle and in the passenger compartment • Each senses the sudden deceleration or impact in the event of a crash and flips a mechanical switch to indicate a crash. 4
- 6. Airbag Deployment Frontal crash scenario: Car crashes into an obstacle (wall) at 20+ mph Sensors detect the deceleration and inflator unit is activated Deployment sensitivity: To guard against accidental inflation on hard braking, sensors detect collisions into a solid barrier at speeds greater than 8-14 mph only as impacts An electric current is used to heat a filament wire that ignites the NaN3 capsules, producing N2: 2NaN3 2Na + 3N2 10Na + 2KNO3 K2O + 5Na2O+ N2 K2O + Na2O SiO2 alkaline glass (safe, unignitable) 130 g of NaN3 produces 67 ltrs of Na 6
- 7. Airbag Deployment The airbag then inflates fully at speeds > 320mph within 0.05s of crash. For maximum safety, occupant must have seat belt on and sit with chest 10” from steering wheel Immediately after full inflation, the airbag deflates through tiny pores on the surface within 0.3s 7
- 8. MODERN TYPES OF AIR BAGS Curtain Air Bags • Developed by Mercedes and Volvo. • Inflate in front of windows to provide passengers better head and neck protection. • More efficient at tipping and side impacts . • Reduce HIC by 80% . 8
- 9. HEAD THORAX BAG • Developed by ford and Renault . • High protection to head . 9
- 10. Inflatable Tubular Structure (ITS) • Developed by BMW . • The world’s first airbag for head protection . 10
- 11. AIR BAGS CHECKS • When we turn the key, look at the dash to find airbag or SRS light for 7-10 seconds and then go out. Problem occurs when • If the light does not come on . • If the light does not go off after period . • If the Light comes on while driving . 11
- 12. CONCLUSION • Air bags are of greater importance in today’s vehicles since safety of human life is of prior importance. • So far safe riding and for saving the precious life the safety bags must be implemented. • Let’s hope every automobile manufacturer implement the same. 12