air related disasters and its management

1. Air related disasters
(Cyclones, tornadoes,
hurricanes,
Cloudburst and air
accidents)

2. Cyclone
 Cyclone is a region of low atmospheric pressure
surrounded by high atmospheric pressure resulting
in swirling atmospheric disturbance accompanied by
powerful winds blowing in anticlockwise direction in
the Northern Hemisphere and in the clockwise
direction in the Southern Hemisphere
 They occur mainly in the tropical and temperate
regions of the world.

3. Cyclone formation

4. General Characteristics
 Cyclones in India are moderate in nature.
Some of the general characteristics of a
cyclone are:
 1. Strong winds
 2. Exceptional rain
 3. Storm surge

5. Fully matured
 Fully mature tropical cyclone is a spiral pattern of
highly turbulent giant cumulus thundercloud
bands. These bands spiral inwards and form a
dense highly active central cloud core which raps
around a relatively calm zone.
 This is called the “eye” of a cyclone.
 The eye looks like a black hole or a dot
surrounded by thick clouds. The outer
circumference of the thick cloud is called the „eye
wall‟.

6. Cyclones are known by different names
in different parts of the world
 ¨Typhoons in the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the
dateline
 ¨Hurricanes in the North Atlantic Ocean, the
Northeast Pacific Ocean east of the dateline, or the
South Pacific Ocean.
 ¨Tropical cyclones - the Southwest Pacific Ocean and
Southeast Indian Ocean.

7.  ¨ Severe cyclonic storm” (the North Indian
Ocean)
 ¨ Tropical cyclone (the Southwest Indian
Ocean)
 ¨ Willie-Willie in Australia
 ¨ Tornado in South America

8. Fig .Orissa Super
Cyclone
29th October 1999, Super-
cyclone with wind speed of
260-300 km/hour hit the 140
km coast of Orissa with a
storm surge created in the
Bay-of-Bengal with water
level 9 metres higher than
normal.
Within a period of 36 hrs
ravaged more than 200 lakh
hectares of land, devouring
trees and vegetation, leaving
behind a huge trail of
destruction.
The violent cyclone was
broke the backbone of
Orissa’s economy and killed

9. Indian Cyclones
 Cyclones vary in frequency in various parts of the world
 The 7516.6 km long Indian coastline is the earth‟s most
cyclone battered stretch of the world. Around 8 per cent of
the total land area in India is prone to cyclones.
 About two-third of the cyclones that occur in the Indian
coastline occur in the Bay of Bengal.
 The states which are generally affected in the east coast are
West-Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh; Tamil Nadu and on
the west coast Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and
Kerala.

10. Death associate with noteworthy Tropical
Cyclones (1970 – 2005)

11. Safe Construction Practices

12. Mangrove plantation on the coastal belt

13. A shelter with special feature to withstand cyclones and floods.
Traditional homes can be improved by building in disaster
resistant features. Such homes could withstand cyclones with

14. Coastal belt plantation

15. Tornadoes
Tornado Nicknames
Twisters
Funnel cloud
Waterspout

16.  A tornado is a violently rotating column of air extending
from a thunderstorm to the ground
 Change in wind direction
 Increase in wind speed
 Increasing height
 Rising air within a thunderstorm

17. Category Damage Wind
F0 light 40–72 mph
F1 moderate 73–112 mph
F2 significant 113–157 mph
F3 severe 158–206 mph
F4 devastating 207–260 mph
F5 incredible 261–318 mph

18. A lower cloud base in the center of the
photograph identifies an area of
rotation known as a rotating wall
cloud. This area is often nearly rain-
free. Note rain in the background.
Moments later a strong tornado
develops in this area. Softball-
size hail and damaging
"straight-line" winds can occur
with this storm.
Look out for:
•Dark, often greenish
sky
•Wall cloud
•Large hail
•Loud roar; similar to a
freight train
Tornado
Clues

19. Where is the safest place to go
during a tornado?
Basement Ditch Shower Inner Hallway Center of Room
Safest Places
During a Tornado

21. Hurricanes

22.  Violent cyclonic storm that develops in the
tropical region
 Wind speeds are > 74 mph
 Rotation and Pressure
In which direction does a hurricane rotate?
COUNTERCLOCKWISE
Is the barometric pressure inside the hurricane
high or low?
LOW

23. When is Hurricane Season?
June 1st
through
November
31st

24. What is the role of the National Weather
Service during hurricane season?
 Provides weather information, such as data
from satellites
 Responsible for issuing watches and warnings
to the media and general public

25. Watch vs. Warning
 What is the difference between a Hurricane
Watch and a Hurricane Warning?
 Watch – Tropical storm poses a threat to coastal
areas with 36 hours
 Warning - Tropical storm conditions are expected
in a coastal area within 24 hours

26. What conditions must be present for a
hurricane to develop?
 Warm ocean temperatures
(>80˚ F) up to 60m deep
 Little to no wind shear
 Low pressure system at least 5˚
North or South of Equator
 Rotation caused by winds

27. What is the major source of energy
fueling a hurricane?
Heat Energy evaporating from the ocean
surface

28. Hurricane Anatomy
Tropical Storm
Shower and thunderstorm
moves over closed circulation,
winds greater than 39 mph
Hurricane
Eye is developed, winds > 74
mph

29. By what two factors is hurricane
strength measured?
 Wind Speed
 Barometric Pressure

30. What is the Scale Used to Categorize
Hurricanes?
 Saffir-Simpson Scale
Category Max Wind Speed
(mph)
Min. Surface
Pressure (mb)
Storm Surge m
(ft)
1 74-96 > 980 1-1.7 (3-5)
2 97-111 979-965 1.8-2.6 (6-8)
3 112-131 964-945 2.7-3.8 (9-12)
4 132-155 944-920 3.9-5.6 (13-18)
5 > 155 < 920 > 5.7 (>19)

31. What causes the damage in a hurricane?
 Winds
 Flooding
 Storm Surge

32. How has a hurricane affected you
personally?
 Damage to your house from wind?
 Damage from flooding?
 Destroyed vacation house?
 Damage to family members’ homes?

33. Cloudburst
A cloudburst is an extreme amount of
precipitation, sometimes with hail and thunder,
which normally lasts no longer than a few
minutes but is capable of creating flood
conditions
Manali Cloud Burst Bridge

34.  The cloud burst in India occurs during
monsoon season over the orographically
dominant regions like Himalayan region,
North-Eastern states and the Western
Ghats
 The associated convective cloud can extend
up to a height of 15 km above the ground.

35. Cloudbursts are associated with intensive heating of air
masses, its rapid rising, and formation of thunderclouds.
Interaction with local topography results in upward
motion, especially where the atmospheric flow is
perpendicular to topographic features

36. July 26, 2005 deluge, the dreadful memories of “Black Tuesday” return to
haunt the mind as soon as a few heavy showers hit the city. The rain
pounded the city ruthlessly that day inundating it with 944 mm of rainfall
and killing over 450 people.

37. Forecast
issued by
IMD
Leh (Jammu &
Kashmir)

38. 3 feared killed, 16
commercial
structures, vehicles
washed away in
J&K cloud burst

39. Air accidents

40. Air Traffic Growth
 The air traffic has amazingly increased between the
beginning of aviation and 2001.
 But after the World Trade Center attack, many
airlines were in financial difficulty, and the air traffic
started to decrease.
 Two years later, the growth came back.

41. Major disasters
 September 11 terror attacks
 Tenerife
 JAL Flight 123
 Other crashes with high death tolls

42. Nearly 3000 people died on September 11, 2001

43. The probable cause of airplane accidents
Human Error
Technical
Environment

45. Three key stages of activities that are taken up within disaster risk management are-
1. Before a disaster (pre-disaster) 2. During a disaster (disaster occurrence). 3. After
a disaster (post-disaster)