air polltuion and effects.pdf
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1. Air pollution is defined as the presence of certain substances in the atmosphere in concentrations that can cause harm to humans and the environment. 2. Major air pollutants include gases like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide as well as particulate matter. 3. Sources of air pollution can be natural, such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires, or man-made, including emissions from vehicles, power plants, and industrial facilities.
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Environmental pollution can take many forms including air, water, and soil pollution. Air pollution is caused by both natural sources like volcanoes and forests fires, as well as man-made sources like vehicles, power plants, and industrial activities. Common air pollutants include particulate matter, gases like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. Air pollution can harm human health, damage plants, and affect aquatic ecosystems. While regulations and technologies can help control pollution, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and promoting non-motorized transportation can also improve air quality.
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he atmosphere extends from the surface of earth upto 650 killometers. The lower most layer of atmosphere is known as troposphere which extends upto 8-10 km near the poles and 18-20 km near equator. Air pollution is largely confined to the lower atmosphere i.e. troposphere.
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Environmental pollution can take many forms including air, water, and soil pollution. Air pollution is caused by both natural sources like volcanoes and forests fires, as well as man-made sources like vehicles, power plants, and industrial activities. Common air pollutants include particulate matter, gases like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. Air pollution can harm human health, damage plants, and affect aquatic ecosystems. While regulations and technologies can help control pollution, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and promoting non-motorized transportation can also improve air quality.
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This document discusses air pollution, its sources, and effects. It defines air pollution and lists major primary pollutants produced by human activity such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. Secondary pollutants are also discussed. The health effects of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide are outlined. Dispersion of air pollutants is influenced by factors like lapse rate and inversion layers. Plume behavior patterns include looping, fanning, fumigation, and lofting. Methods to predict pollutant concentration using dispersion models and equations are presented.
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Air Pollution is the release of gases, particles, biological molecules, etc. into the air that are harmful to human health and the environment.”
What is Air Pollution?
Air Pollution refers to the undesirable change occurring in air, causing harmful effects on man and domesticated species. The common air pollutants are Dust, Smoke, Carbon monoxide (CO), Ammonia (NH3), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrogen fluorides, Chlorines, Phosgenes, Arsines, Aldehydes, Ozone, Ionising, and radiations. CO2 is not a normal air pollutant. There is 0.03% CO2 in the air; its higher percentage is the cause of greenhouse effect.
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Primary Air Pollutants:
Air is polluted by poisonous gases and undesirable substances. They are released by burning fossil fuels. These substances are called primary air pollutants. The primary air pollutants are the following :
Sulphur dioxide (SO2).
Benzopyrene (hydrocarbon) is released from cigarette smoke.
Ammonia (NH3).
Oxides of nitrogen.
Carbon monoxide (CO).
Lead (Pb).
Secondary Air Pollutants
Secondary air pollutants are poisonous substances formed from primary air pollutants. In bright sunlight, nitrogen, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and O2 interact to produce more powerful photochemical oxidants like ozone (O3), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), aldehydes, sulphuric acid, peroxides, etc. All these constitute photochemical smog, which retard photosynthesis in plants.
Causes of Air Pollution
Agriculture: Hydrocarbons released by plants, pollen grains, insecticides, etc., cause air pollution.
Dust: Dust in the air is increased by dust storms, wind, volcanoes, automobiles, etc.
Industries: Combustion of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, etc. Industrial smoke is the main source of pollution.
Automobiles: The combustion of petrol and diesel in automobiles releases harmful gases into the air. They also produce dust.
Ionizing radiations: Ionizing radiations include alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays. They are released into the air by testing atomic weapons.
Freons: The use of freons and other chloro-fluoro-carbon compounds in refrigerants, coolants, and as filling agents in aerosol also causes pollution.
Aerosols: Aerosols are small particles of all sorts of solid or liquid substances suspended in the air. They block the stomata of plants and prevent the gaseous exchanges between plants and the atmosphere. They may also change the climate of an area.
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Diseases
Air pollution results in several respiratory disorders and heart diseases in humans. In recent decades, the number of lung cancer cases has increased. Children living near polluted areas are more prone to pneumonia and asthma. Many people die each year due to air pollution's direct or indirect effects.
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3. The major sources of air pollution are discussed as natural sources like volcanic eruptions and man-made sources such as automobile exhaust, industries, and agricultural activities. Common air pollutants like particulate matter, carbon monoxide, oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, and hydrocarbons are described along with their sources and effects on
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This document discusses the causes, consequences, and control of air pollution. It defines air pollution and identifies major primary and secondary air pollutants produced by human activity such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and particulates. Natural sources of air pollution like dust, methane from animal digestion, and radon gas are also mentioned. The causes of air pollution are outlined as both human sources like emissions from factories, vehicles and agriculture as well as natural events like forest fires, volcanic eruptions and pollen dispersal. Control of air pollution involves government guidelines for emissions and individual actions to reduce electricity usage and drive less.
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The document discusses various sources and effects of air pollution. It describes how burning fossil fuels from industries, automobiles, and power plants releases pollutants like carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides into the air. This leads to issues like acid rain, photochemical smog, and global warming. Air pollution damages the environment, climate, plants, animals, and human health, causing problems like acidification of soils and water sources, reduced visibility, and respiratory illnesses. The text provides details on the formation and harmful impacts of acid rain and photochemical smog. Overall, the document analyzes the causes and wide-ranging consequences of air pollution from various human and industrial activities.
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Air Pollution is the release of gases, particles, biological molecules, etc. into the air that are harmful to human health and the environment.”
What is Air Pollution?
Air Pollution refers to the undesirable change occurring in air, causing harmful effects on man and domesticated species. The common air pollutants are Dust, Smoke, Carbon monoxide (CO), Ammonia (NH3), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Hydrogen cyanide, Hydrogen fluorides, Chlorines, Phosgenes, Arsines, Aldehydes, Ozone, Ionising, and radiations. CO2 is not a normal air pollutant. There is 0.03% CO2 in the air; its higher percentage is the cause of greenhouse effect.
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Primary Air Pollutants:
Air is polluted by poisonous gases and undesirable substances. They are released by burning fossil fuels. These substances are called primary air pollutants. The primary air pollutants are the following :
Sulphur dioxide (SO2).
Benzopyrene (hydrocarbon) is released from cigarette smoke.
Ammonia (NH3).
Oxides of nitrogen.
Carbon monoxide (CO).
Lead (Pb).
Secondary Air Pollutants
Secondary air pollutants are poisonous substances formed from primary air pollutants. In bright sunlight, nitrogen, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and O2 interact to produce more powerful photochemical oxidants like ozone (O3), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), aldehydes, sulphuric acid, peroxides, etc. All these constitute photochemical smog, which retard photosynthesis in plants.
Causes of Air Pollution
Agriculture: Hydrocarbons released by plants, pollen grains, insecticides, etc., cause air pollution.
Dust: Dust in the air is increased by dust storms, wind, volcanoes, automobiles, etc.
Industries: Combustion of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, etc. Industrial smoke is the main source of pollution.
Automobiles: The combustion of petrol and diesel in automobiles releases harmful gases into the air. They also produce dust.
Ionizing radiations: Ionizing radiations include alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays. They are released into the air by testing atomic weapons.
Freons: The use of freons and other chloro-fluoro-carbon compounds in refrigerants, coolants, and as filling agents in aerosol also causes pollution.
Aerosols: Aerosols are small particles of all sorts of solid or liquid substances suspended in the air. They block the stomata of plants and prevent the gaseous exchanges between plants and the atmosphere. They may also change the climate of an area.
Effects of Air Pollution
Diseases
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The document discusses various topics related to environmental pollution. It defines pollution and describes the main types: air, water, noise, and land pollution. It then focuses on air pollution, defining it, describing the primary and secondary pollutants. It lists several major air pollutants like carbon monoxide, ozone, lead, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide. It discusses the causes of air pollution such as industries, vehicle emissions, and fossil fuel burning. Finally, it outlines some of the health effects of air pollution and solutions like green energy investment and individual actions to reduce emissions.
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The document summarizes key aspects of water distribution systems, including their purpose, requirements, common layouts, and storage considerations. Distribution systems aim to deliver water to consumers with adequate quality, quantity and pressure. Common layouts include dead-end, radial, grid-iron and ring systems. Storage reservoirs balance demand fluctuations and provide emergency supply. The total storage capacity consists of balancing, breakdown, and fire storage components. Elevated storage reservoirs are used when gravity flow is not possible.
water supply appurtenances-.pptx
This document discusses various appurtenances used in water supply systems. It describes valves such as sluice valves, check valves, air relief valves, drain valves, zero velocity valves, scour valves, ball valves, and fire hydrants. It also discusses other appurtenances like water meters, storage tanks, bib cocks, and stop cocks. The purpose of these appurtenances is to control water flow, prevent leakage, change flow direction, and regulate pressure. Proper selection and installation of appurtenances is important for efficient water distribution.
Surface Water Treatment Plant – Flow Diagram.pptx
The surface water treatment plant draws in raw water from an intake structure to remove large debris. Screens further remove smaller debris before the water enters low lift pumps. The water then undergoes pre-oxidation, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, media gravity filtration, storage in a clear well, secondary disinfection, and sometimes fluoridation. Treated water is pumped to storage and distribution systems through pipelines and pumping stations to deliver drinking water to residences.
roman architecture.ppt
The document provides historical background on Roman architecture, including the locations of the Roman Empire and the city of Rome. It then discusses the three main periods of Roman civilization and the social characteristics and beliefs of Roman society. Specifically, it outlines the religious beliefs, system of government, and social life of Romans. The document then discusses key aspects of Roman architecture such as early influences from the Etruscans, important engineering achievements like vaults and concrete, and structural engineering works including aqueducts and bridges. Finally, it examines various Roman building types such as theaters, amphitheaters like the Colosseum, and other structures.
Analysis of sewage.pptx
Sewage consists of various organic and inorganic materials from residential and industrial sources. Its characteristics, including physical, chemical, and biological, need to be examined before designing an efficient sewage treatment system. Physically, sewage varies in color, odor, temperature, and turbidity depending on its age. It contains 350-1200 mg/L of solids. Chemically, important parameters are pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand. Biologically, sewage contains various microorganisms, including pathogens, that carry out decomposition processes essential to treatment. Understanding sewage characteristics is vital for proper treatment plant design.
RESORT ROOM-3.pptx
The resort offers rooms with king or twin beds, air conditioning, and amenities like hair dryers, safes, and tea kettles. Guests can enjoy an outdoor swimming pool, restaurant, spa facilities, and conference rooms. The concept was to provide human comfort in the forest using eco-friendly materials like local architecture and furniture. The linear design maintains privacy for rooms while adopting passive cooling techniques like double roofs.
Geological criteria for selection of site.pptx
Multiple natural and man-made factors must be considered when selecting a site for construction. The document discusses several key factors including:
1. Natural factors like climate, terrain, soil properties, geology, hydrology, and flora and fauna that could impact construction or the environment.
2. Man-made factors such as existing land use, traffic patterns, and nearby infrastructure to support the planned development.
3. The site selection process evaluates these criteria to identify a suitable location and help determine how best to layout a construction project on the chosen site.
Geological criteria for selection of site.pptx
Multiple natural and man-made factors must be considered when selecting a site for construction. The document discusses several key factors including:
1. Natural factors like climate, terrain, soil properties, geology, hydrology, and flora and fauna that could impact the site layout or construction.
2. Man-made factors surrounding the site like existing land use, traffic patterns, and nearby infrastructure to support the planned development.
3. The document provides details on specific natural factors like rainfall, soil drainage, and flood risk that must be evaluated when analyzing potential sites.
sewage and sewer.pptx
This document provides definitions and information related to sewage and sewerage systems. It defines key terms like sewage, sewerage, stormwater, and night soil. It describes the evolution from manual waste disposal to modern water carriage systems. It also covers various sewer system types (combined, separate, partially separate) and layout patterns (perpendicular, radial, fan, interceptor, zone). Additionally, it discusses sewer materials like concrete, vitrified clay, asbestos cement, plastic, and their advantages and limitations.
BST 4 PLUMBING.pptx
There are various components that make up water supply and waste removal systems, including pipes, fittings, fixtures, tanks, and connecting pieces. The document then analyzes these components, comparing the material variations, available varieties, market prices, and practical uses of pipes like PVC, ductile iron, cast iron, concrete, and plastic pipes. Major plumbing subsystems include potable water supply, plumbing drainage and venting, and sewage and septic systems, some of which can include hot water recycling and graywater treatment.
Quantity of Water.pptx
This document discusses factors related to estimating water demand and supply for a municipality. It covers:
1) Types of water demands including domestic, industrial, institutional, public use, fire demand, and losses/waste. The total demand is calculated as the per capita demand multiplied by the population.
2) Factors that affect per capita demand such as habits, climate, economic status, and efficiency of the water system. Recommended per capita demands for various uses are provided.
3) Population forecasting methods to estimate future population for design periods, including arithmetic, geometric, and incremental increase methods.
A M R U T.pptx
The Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) aims to provide basic amenities like water supply, sewerage and urban transport to 500 Indian cities. It focuses on ensuring access to water taps and sewer connections for all households, developing parks and greenspaces, and encouraging public transport use. The mission components include water supply, sewerage management, storm water drainage, urban transport and parks. It also emphasizes reforms and capacity building of urban local bodies.
HOA-IV Early Christian.ppt
The document provides historical background on early Christian and Byzantine architecture. It discusses the key locations and time periods of early Christian architecture in Rome and Byzantium. It describes how early Christian architecture adapted Roman basilica forms to meet the needs of Christian worship spaces. Examples like St. Peter's Basilica and the Church of the Nativity are summarized. Alternative centralized church forms are also mentioned. The document then introduces Byzantine architecture and highlights innovations like domes supported by pendentives, as exemplified by the iconic Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.
Early Renaissance Architecture.ppt
The document provides an overview of early Renaissance architecture in Italy. It discusses how the Renaissance began as dissatisfaction with medieval life led to new discoveries inspired by ancient Roman and Greek architecture. Filippo Brunelleschi was a pioneering architect of the early Renaissance, designing the dome of Florence Cathedral and rediscovering linear perspective. Other architects like Alberti and Bramante further developed Renaissance styles and proportions based on classical orders, influencing buildings like churches, palaces, and piazzas across Italy.
GUGGENHEIM MESEUM.pptx
The Guggenheim Museum in New York City was designed by famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright. It is a iconic spiral structure built between 1956-1959 featuring a continuous ramp that winds around a large open space lit by a glass dome. Wright designed the building to house the Solomon R. Guggenheim's collection of non-objective abstract art, with the sloping walls meant to replicate the experience of moving through an art exhibit. Though pioneering in its design, the unusual structure presented some challenges for displaying art and was criticized by some artists.
BUILDING SERVICES.pptx
This document discusses distributed energy systems (DES) which encompass energy generation, storage, monitoring and control solutions located near where energy is used. It provides examples of common distributed generation technologies for residential, commercial and industrial sectors like solar panels, wind turbines, fuel cells and backup generators. The document discusses how distributed energy resources (DER) can provide economic, social and environmental benefits by reducing costs, emissions and enabling affordable energy access. While DER has positive impacts through renewable energy use and reduced transmission losses, it also has potential negative impacts like pollution from fossil fuel combustion, land use concerns and water usage.
Foundation.pdf
This document defines and describes different types of shallow foundations, including spread footings, combined footings, strap footings, grillage foundations, and raft foundations. Spread footings distribute a structure's load over a large area and can be single, stepped, or sloped. Combined footings are used when columns are close together to avoid interference. Strap footings connect independent column footings with a beam. Grillage foundations use layers of steel beams in concrete to distribute loads in poor soil. Raft foundations use a thick concrete slab covering the entire building area for structures on very poor soils.
Factors affecting bearing capacity of soil.pptx
The key factors affecting the bearing capacity of soil include:
1. The soil strength, with cohesionless soils increasing non-proportionally with friction angle and cohesive soils varying linearly with cohesion.
2. The foundation width, which impacts cohesionless soils where bearing capacity is proportional to width.
3. The foundation depth, as deeper foundations generally have greater bearing capacity, though weak layers below can reduce it.
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Sewer joints of pipes, sewer appurtenances, storm water drainage.pptx
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...Global Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyRecycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptx
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Peatlands of Latin America and the Caribbean
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Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
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Climate Change All over the World .pptx
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
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Presented by Jan Peters at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and ActionOverview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
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Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
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Presented by Feri Johana at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
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Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
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Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
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air polltuion and effects.pdf
- 1. GIA N I Z A IL SIN GH CA MP US COLLEGE OF EN GIN EERING & TECH N OLOGY MA H A RAJA RA N JIT SIN GH P UN JA B TECH N ICA L UN IVERSITY, BA TH IN DA Course: B. Arch. Batch: 2017 (7th Semester) Subject: Environmental Pollution Unit-I: Air Pollution Topic: Air Pollution, Air Pollutants - Types, Sources, Effects. Er. Sukhdeep Singh Assistant Professor (Civil)
- 2. AIR POLLUTION It is an atmospheric condition in which certain substances (including the normal constituents in excess) are present in concentrations which can cause undesirable effects on man and his environment. These substances include gases, particulate matter, radioactive substances etc.
- 3. AIR POLLUTION Gaseous pollutants include oxides of sulphur (mostly SO2, SO3) oxides of nitrogen mostly (NO and NO2 or NOx) carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (mostly hydrocarbons) etc. “Particulate pollutants include smoke, dust, soot, fumes, aerosols, liquid droplets, pollen grains etc. Radioactive pollutants include Radon-222, iodine-131, strontium-90, plutonium-239 etc.
- 4. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION The sources of air pollution are natural and man-made (anthropogenic). Natural Sources: The natural sources of air pollution are volcanic eruptions, forest fires, sea salt sprays, biological decay, photochemical oxidation of terpenes, marshes, extraterrestial bodies, pollen grains of flowers, spores etc. Radioactive minerals present in the earth crust are the sources of radioactivity in the atmosphere.
- 5. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION Man-made Sources: Man made sources include thermal power plants, industrial units, vehicular emissions, fossil fuel burning, agricultural activities etc. Thermal power plants have become the major sources of generating electricity in India as the nuclear power plants couldn’t be installed as planned. The main pollutants emitted are fly ash and SO2. Metallurgical plants also consume coal and produce similar pollutants. Fertilizer plants, smelters, textile mills, tanneries, refineries, chemical industries, paper and pulp mills are other sources of air pollution.
- 6. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION Man-made Sources: Automobile exhaust is another major source of air pollution. Automobiles release gases such as carbon monoxide (about 77%), oxides of nitrogen (about 8%) and hydrocarbons (about 14%). Heavy duty diesel vehicles spew more NOx and suspended particulate matter (SPM) than petrol vehicle which produce more carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.
- 7. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION Effects on Human Health: Human respiratory system has a number of mechanisms for protection from air pollution (Fig. 5.1). Bigger particles (> 10 µm) can be trapped by the hairs and sticky mucus in the lining of the nose. Smaller particles can reach tracheobronchial system and there get trapped in mucus. They are sent back to throat by beating of hair like cilia from where they can be removed by spitting or swallowing. Years of exposure to air pollutants (including cigarette smoke) adversely affect these natural defenses and can result in lung cancer, asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema (damage to air sacs leading to loss of lung elasticity and acute shortness of breath).
- 8. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION Effects on Human Health: Suspended particulates can cause damage to lung tissues and diseases like asthma, bronchitis and cancer especially when they bring with them cancer causing or toxic pollutants attached on their surface. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) causes constriction of respiratory passage and can cause bronchitis like conditions. In the presence of suspended particulates, SO2 can form acid sulphate particles, which can go deep into the lungs and affect severely.
- 9. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION Effects on Plants: Air pollutants affect plants by entering through stomata (leaf pores through which gases diffuse), destroy chlorophyll and affect photosynthesis. Pollutants also erode waxy coating of the leaves called cuticle. Cuticle prevents excessive water loss and damage from diseases, pests, drought and frost. Damage to leaf structure causes necrosis (dead areas of leaf), Chlorosis (loss or reduction of chlorophyll causing yellowing of leaf) or epinasty (downward curling of leaf), and abscission (dropping of leaves). Particulates deposited on leaves can for incrustations and plug stomata. The damage can result in death of the plant.
- 10. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION Effects on aquatic life: Air pollutants mixing up with rain can cause high acidity (lower pH) in fresh water lakes. This affects aquatic life especially fish. Some of the freshwater lakes have experienced total fish death. Effects on materials: Because of their corrosiveness, particulates can cause damage to exposed surfaces. Presence of SO2 and moisture can accelerate corrosion of metallic surfaces. SO2 can affect fabric, leather, paint, paper, marble and limestone. Ozone in the atmosphere can cause cracking of rubber. Oxides of nitrogen can also cause fading of acetate, cotton and rayon fibres.