3. Agenda
-why safety…?!
-How oil & gas safety Evolved Through History
-Rig site for the first time.
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-How a rig get accepted to drill a well
-Science of safety
4. Safety,…?! Is it a profession?!!!
-why to apply the safety rules in industrial
sites
-the every time clash
profit operations vs. safety precautions
1-ethical reason
2-environmental reason
3-economical and financial
reason
5. How safety has evolved in Oil &
Gas
-1800s: Accidents Abound
-Early 1900s: A Burgeoning Sense of Safety
(Corsicana oil field, Texas, US, 1894)
6.
-1940s and 1950s: Technology Surges Offshore
-1960s and 1970s: Speed at the Sake of Safety
-1988: Piper Alpha
10. safety in oil & gas rigs.
-Rig acceptance on petrol well.
-crew certificates
-rig certificates
-gauges calibration
-welding inspection
-rig safety tours
11. Risk Management VS plan
Management
-hazard is a potential source of harm
-risk: likelihood of a person to harm if exposed to a hazard
12. Controlling the risk in work
place
1- Identify the hazard
fires high pressure lines
toxic gases confined spaces
working at height chemical handling
lifting operation rig special operation
13.
2- decide who might harmed and how?
person environments or assets
3- evaluate the risk on decide on precautions
high medium or low risk
precautions and safety systems
pjsm
stop system
ptw system
alarm system
special PPE
4- record your findings (Risk assessment matrix)
tolerable risk
intolerable risk ( some measure control) to be tolerable
intolerable at all
14. H2S THE SILENT KILLER OR
GAS OF SWAMPS
-statistical data review about H2S
-15:25% of US natural gas contain H2S
-THE WORLD WIDE PERCENTAGE IS 30 %
-H2S may affect residential area near oil & gas facilities
-August 2005 study conducted to measure the CONC in residential
area
South Karelia, Finland: 3ppb : 40ppb
Odessa, Texas: 7:500 ppb
- oil & gas accountability project spent five days to measure the
CONC in Alabama
100:1000 in residential area 100 :150000 oil & gas facilities
- ORIGIN OF H2S
-organic matter decaying in swage , swamps or deep oil and gas wells
-bacterial action
-during volcanic eruption
15.
-H2S Regulation
- no international health based standard for hydrogen sulfide.
-WHO ( WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION )
-has an air quality guideline of 10 ppb as average over 24 hour ( avoidance
of eye irritation )
- Also it recommended not to exceed conc over 5 ppb for 30 minute (
avoidance of odor )
-Characteristic of H2S
- COLOURLESS -ROTTEN EGG ODOR - VERY TOXIC
- CORROSIVE -FLAMMABLE -HEAVIER THAN AIR
-THE EFFECTS OF H2S DEPENDS ON
- Duration of exposure to H2S
-No of exposure
-Conc of gas at every time of exposure
16. TLV (TWA) VS TLV (STEL)
-TLV(TWA)
10 PPM for 8 hours/ 5 days a week
-TLV(STEL)
15 PPM for only 15 minutes / 4 times per shift with a breaking
period of at least 1 hour between every exposure.
-Symptoms of H2S and its affect on human
health
-10 ppb rotten egg odor
-25 ppm
وضيق وخمول وكحة بالغثيان شعور
فى
التنفس
وتهيج
-50 : 100 ppm
ودوار صداع والزور االنف التهاب الشم حاسة ف شلل
-200:400 ppm
الوعى فقدان بداية
-400:600 ppm
المركز شلل
العصبى
النبض وتوقف واالختناق الوعى فقد المخ ف
32. Scenario of piper alpha disaster
-on July, 6th, 1988 the platform experienced a series of explosions and fires
.
-The platform was located 110 miles south east of Aberdeen, Scotland.
-With 226 persons on board, 165+2 of rescue team has died and only 61
survivors.
-Investigation show that there were 2 gas pumps A & B
-Due to maintenance operation in pump A, it was shut down and the safety
valve was replaced with the blind one
-The all load was on the pump B
-The maintenance work hasn’t finished yet until the crew change time.
No work handover has been done betn the 2 crews
33. Scenario of piper alpha disaster
-At some moment the pump B stopped working and the workers decide to
operate pump A
-Earlier at this day 2 PTW has been issued one for repair work and the
other for testing the relief valve after maintenance.
-The workers were in search for these Ptw, with no appearance for the first
while, they found the second.
-Upon that they decided to operate pump A.
-After operating the pump A there were a huge leak creating a flammable
hydrocarbon cloud which finally found an ignition source.
-upon the manufacturing of the platform, it was designed to only produce
oil, with a modification done in 1980 it become oil and gas producer, with
no modification to isolation wall system, must be explosion proof rather
than fire proof
34. Scenario of piper alpha disaster
-The piper alpha was connected by gas pipe lines to other 3
production platforms, which saw the fires on piper alpha but have
no information about its severity, they didn’t shut down their
ones, awaiting for a further instructions which never came,
resulting in explosions in these structures.
-The board was trained incase of any emergency, they have to go
for the accommodation places awaiting for help which in this case
never came due to severity of fires an smoke, resulting in 81
person died from inhalation by smoke
You have to evaluate the matter even though any
instructions
At the height of the event the hydrocarbon was burned at
rates equivalent to entire UK consumption rate
Editor's Notes
video
Us industry sector
بناءا ع ال 3 عوامل
Thresherd limit value for weighted time average for short term exposure limit according to osha standards
