5. ACCIDENT
- Undesired event due to unsafe condition or
unsafe act or combination of both, giving rise
to death, ill health, injury, damage or other
loss.
CAUSES OF ACCIDENT
1. Unsafe condition - 10
2. Unsafe act - 88
3. Natural Calamity – 2
7. DEFINITIONS
• HAZARD:-- Source, Situation or act with potential for harm
in terms of human injury or ill health.
(any thing capable of producing adverse effect on health &
safety of human beings.)
• Hazard may be visible in unsafe condition but often are
hidden in unsafe act.
HAZARDS IN STEEL PLANT
- High temperature furnaces
- Steam
- Molten metal & slag
- Poisonous gases & fumes
8. HAZARDS IN STEEL PLANT
• Smoke & dust
• High voltage electric transmission line
• Electrical equipments.
• Noise
• Chemical hazards. (coal chemicals, sulphuric acid)
• Fire hazards
• Moving machines. (crane, conveyor, earth
movers)
9. HAZARDS IN STEEL PLANT
• Level crossing hazards (road crossing & railway
crossing)
• Working at height.
• Welding / gas cutting
• Material handling
10. UNSAFE WORKING CONDITION
- Poor illumination
- No barricading
- Damaged roofs
- Open staircases
- Unguarded moving machines
- Insufficient railings
11. UNSAFE WORKING CONDITION
• Gas leakages
• Dusty atmosphere
• High noise
• Damaged working platform
• Poor house keeping (scrap, oil, grease & other
unwanted materials on walkway & work
place.)
12. UNSAFE ACT
- Negligence
- hurries
- Using short cut
- Poor house keeping
- Over confidence
- Lack of knowledge
- Poor & improper use of PPEs
13. UNSAFE ACT
• Over looking of SOPS
• Use of improper tools & tackles
• Poor maintenance of equipment's.
• Not following shut down procedure
• Working in tension
• Use of Alcohol
15. ENGINEERING CONTROL
- Sufficient illumination
- Barricading around unsafe area
- Provision of guards & railings
- Plugging of leakage for gas & sound
- Provision of dedusting unit & ESPs
- Repair & replacement of damaged roofs
16. ENGINEERING CONTROL
• Provision of signaling system for rail/road
traffic movement
• Interlocking system in operating machines
17. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
- Ensuring of following of SOPs/WI
- Proper house keeping
- Job related safety training
- Use of correct tools & tackles
- Proper maintenance of equipments
- Follow permit to work system
- Follow of shut down procedure
18. USE OF PPEs
- Safety shoes
- Safety helmet
- Safety goggles
- Ear plug/ear muff
- Dust mask/ dust respirator
- Face shield
- Hand gloves
19. USE OF PPEs
• Apron /coat
• Fire retardant suits
• Full body harness
26. Restricted timing for heavy vehicles
• 5.30-6.30 AM
• 8.30-9.30 AM
• 1.30-2.30 PM
• 9.30-10.30 PM
27. RAIL ROAD SAFETY
TOTAL RAIL TRACK INSIDE + 365 KM
TOTAL AUTHORISED RAIL CROSSING 79
TOTAL LOCO 65
PERMITTED SPEED MAX 7KM/hr
RAIL TRACK MOVEMENT MODE
PULLING
PUSHING
34. SAIL: Bhilai Steel Plant 34
Blast Furnace Gas Properties
Toxic in nature
Heavier than air
Colourless
Odourless
Blue colour flame
Cv: 786 to 792 kcal /m3
Explosive limit- 40% to 70%
Density: 1.34 kg/nm3
Blast Furnace Gas Properties
35. SAIL: Bhilai Steel Plant 35
Coke Oven Gas Properties
Highly explosive in nature
Lighter than air
Colourless
Smell of Naphthalene
Yellow colour flame
Explosive limit- 6 % to 30 %
Cv: 4337 to 4340 kcal/m3
Density: 0.46 kg/nm3
Coke Oven Gas Properties
36. SAIL: Bhilai Steel Plant 36
Converter Gas Properties
Deadly poisonous in nature
Heavier than air
Colourless
Odourless
Blue colour flame
Cv: 1800 to 2100 kcal /m3
Explosive limit- 20% to 70%
37. xSl ls [krjk
Hazards of Gas
• vkx (Fire)
• foLQksV (Explosion)
• xSl dk 'kjhj ij vlj
(Effect of gas on human beings)
38. [krjukd rRo
Dangerous element
dksd vksou xSl 8 çfr'kr CO
CykLV Qjusl xSl 25 -27 çfr'kr CO
duoZVj xSl 60 -67 çfr'kr CO
• Affinity of CO to hemoglobin in human blood
is 200 times as that of oxygen
• On reaction with blood it produces carboxyl
hemoglobin, which reduces the oxygen intake to the
cells
39. SAIL: Bhilai Steel Plant 39
Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC)
Carbon
Monoxide
Oxygen
Lungs
Hemoglobin
(Hb)
Blood
Contains
210 Part
1Part
HbCO
Carbon Monoxide Gas Exposure
40. xSl dk 'kjhj ij vlj
(Effect of gas on human beings)
• th epyuk (Un-easy)
• lj nnZ (Headache)
• pDdj vkuk (Giddiness)
• mYVh gksuk (Omitting)
• csgks'k gksuk (Unconscious )
• e`R;w gksuk (Fatal)
41. SAIL: Bhilai Steel Plant 41
First aid practices are:
Do not become panic.
Take the victim in fresh air .
Loose tight fitting clothes.
If conscious, take longer breath.
If unconscious, take victim to the
nearest medical centre.
Provide mechanical /artificial
respiration.
Always monitor the affected area.
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