An ecosystem consists of living organisms and their physical environment interacting as a system. It can be small, like a pond, medium sized like a forest, or large like the entire Earth. An ecosystem includes both biotic factors like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as abiotic factors like water, soil, and air. All parts of an ecosystem interact together.
Concept of Agro ecosystem
Difference between manipulated Agroecology and Natural Ecology
Sustainable Agriculture
Biodiversification and Agroecology
Sustainable Agroecosystems
Agroecology and the Design of Sustainable Agroecosystems
SALT is a diversified farming system which can be considered agroforestry since rows of permanent shrubs like coffee, cacao, citrus and other fruit trees are dispersed throughout the farm plot.
The strips not occupied by permanent crops, however, are planted alternately to cereals (corn, upland rice, sorghum, etc.) or other crops (sweet potato, melon, pineapple, castor bean, etc.) and legumes (soybean, mung bean, peanut, etc.).
General Botany Group four presentation.
This presentation focus on so many biological related topics. It primarily focus on conservation of life in any biodiversity.
This is the 7th lesson of the course - Foundation of Environmental Management taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Concept of Agro ecosystem
Difference between manipulated Agroecology and Natural Ecology
Sustainable Agriculture
Biodiversification and Agroecology
Sustainable Agroecosystems
Agroecology and the Design of Sustainable Agroecosystems
SALT is a diversified farming system which can be considered agroforestry since rows of permanent shrubs like coffee, cacao, citrus and other fruit trees are dispersed throughout the farm plot.
The strips not occupied by permanent crops, however, are planted alternately to cereals (corn, upland rice, sorghum, etc.) or other crops (sweet potato, melon, pineapple, castor bean, etc.) and legumes (soybean, mung bean, peanut, etc.).
General Botany Group four presentation.
This presentation focus on so many biological related topics. It primarily focus on conservation of life in any biodiversity.
This is the 7th lesson of the course - Foundation of Environmental Management taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Hello. I am Kripa Thapa Magar, Public Health Professional. This slide was prepared when I was in BPH 4th semester, National Open College as an assignment of environmental health subject by compiling information from different sources.
This is the introductory lesson of the course; 'Foundation of Environmental Management' taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Ecology is the scientific study of organisms `at home' which is called as the `environment'. The term `environment' refers to those parts of the world or the total set of circumstances which surround an organism or a group of organisms.
Species diversity introduction, types and importance, examples of species diversity, threats and conservation to species diversity, Biodiversity conservation.
M.SC (BOTANY) 2nd Year
Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil from the surface. It is a crucial hydrological process that affects groundwater recharge, surface runoff, and soil moisture. Understanding the factors that influence infiltration is key for managing water resources and mitigating flood risks.Plant roots create channels and macropores that facilitate the movement of water into the soil. Decomposing plant litter and root exudates improves soil structure and increases infiltration capacity. Develop case studies showcasing the real-world benefits and cost savings achieved through the use of Luminescent Concrete in road projects.
• Explore collaboration opportunities with government agencies and municipalities to pilot the solution in high-impact areas.
• Conduct research to address any regulatory concerns and streamline the approval process for new road materials.
• Offer educational workshops and training sessions to educate stakeholders on the advantages and proper implementation of Luminescent Concrete in road constructionAddressing Needs and Objectives: "We understand the challenges you face in ensuring road safety and visibility, especially in low-light conditions. Our luminescent concrete offers a game-changing solution, providing a glowing pathway that enhances visibility for drivers and pedestrians, ultimately reducing accident rates and improving overall safety. By incorporating our mixture into your road projects, you can achieve your objectives of creating safer, more sustainable transportation infrastructure."
Addressing Reservations: "Now, you may have reservations about the feasibility and effectiveness of luminescent concrete for road applications. Let me assure you, our mixture is engineered to meet and exceed industry standards for durability and performance. It's designed to seamlessly integrate with existing road infrastructure while offering long-lasting glow properties and minimal maintenance requirements. While initial costs may raise concerns, consider the long-term benefits: reduced accident rates, lower maintenance costs, and improved sustainability."
Closing: "In conclusion, luminescent concrete isn't just a material; it's a beacon of innovation and safety. Join us in illuminating the path to safer roads and brighter futures by incorporating luminescent concrete into your road projects. Contact us today to start the journey towards safer, more sustainable transportation infrastructure for all."Porous concrete and asphalt are innovative materials that have been developed to address the issue of stormwater runoff in urban areas. Traditional concrete and asphalt surfaces are impermeable, meaning that water cannot penetrate them and instead runs off into storm drains, carrying pollutants with it. Porous concrete and asphalt, on the other hand, are designed to allow water to seep through them and be absorbed into the ground below.
One of the key benefits of porous concrete and asphalt is their ability to reduce floodi
Hello. I am Kripa Thapa Magar, Public Health Professional. This slide was prepared when I was in BPH 4th semester, National Open College as an assignment of environmental health subject by compiling information from different sources.
This is the introductory lesson of the course; 'Foundation of Environmental Management' taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Ecology is the scientific study of organisms `at home' which is called as the `environment'. The term `environment' refers to those parts of the world or the total set of circumstances which surround an organism or a group of organisms.
Species diversity introduction, types and importance, examples of species diversity, threats and conservation to species diversity, Biodiversity conservation.
M.SC (BOTANY) 2nd Year
Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil from the surface. It is a crucial hydrological process that affects groundwater recharge, surface runoff, and soil moisture. Understanding the factors that influence infiltration is key for managing water resources and mitigating flood risks.Plant roots create channels and macropores that facilitate the movement of water into the soil. Decomposing plant litter and root exudates improves soil structure and increases infiltration capacity. Develop case studies showcasing the real-world benefits and cost savings achieved through the use of Luminescent Concrete in road projects.
• Explore collaboration opportunities with government agencies and municipalities to pilot the solution in high-impact areas.
• Conduct research to address any regulatory concerns and streamline the approval process for new road materials.
• Offer educational workshops and training sessions to educate stakeholders on the advantages and proper implementation of Luminescent Concrete in road constructionAddressing Needs and Objectives: "We understand the challenges you face in ensuring road safety and visibility, especially in low-light conditions. Our luminescent concrete offers a game-changing solution, providing a glowing pathway that enhances visibility for drivers and pedestrians, ultimately reducing accident rates and improving overall safety. By incorporating our mixture into your road projects, you can achieve your objectives of creating safer, more sustainable transportation infrastructure."
Addressing Reservations: "Now, you may have reservations about the feasibility and effectiveness of luminescent concrete for road applications. Let me assure you, our mixture is engineered to meet and exceed industry standards for durability and performance. It's designed to seamlessly integrate with existing road infrastructure while offering long-lasting glow properties and minimal maintenance requirements. While initial costs may raise concerns, consider the long-term benefits: reduced accident rates, lower maintenance costs, and improved sustainability."
Closing: "In conclusion, luminescent concrete isn't just a material; it's a beacon of innovation and safety. Join us in illuminating the path to safer roads and brighter futures by incorporating luminescent concrete into your road projects. Contact us today to start the journey towards safer, more sustainable transportation infrastructure for all."Porous concrete and asphalt are innovative materials that have been developed to address the issue of stormwater runoff in urban areas. Traditional concrete and asphalt surfaces are impermeable, meaning that water cannot penetrate them and instead runs off into storm drains, carrying pollutants with it. Porous concrete and asphalt, on the other hand, are designed to allow water to seep through them and be absorbed into the ground below.
One of the key benefits of porous concrete and asphalt is their ability to reduce floodi
This is a PowerPoint Presentation based on Chapter-2, NCERT Geography book (Resources and Development) of Class 8. It consists of descriptions, importance and many characteristics related to land, landslides, soil, weathering, methods of soil conservation, water, natural vegetation, wildlife, ecosystem and much more.
It tackles about ecosystem and helps students and teachers to understand from being complex into simple presentation plus adding quiz for class progress
Environmental science Module 1 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
ecosystem topic will help you in understanding the basic means and other components like structure, functions, types, ecological pyramid, energy flow in ecosystem and many more environment related studies.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Agriculture and Ecosystem
1.
2. An ecosystem consists of the plants and animals of an area, and all the things which make up their surroundings – like soil, water and air. It can be a small area such as a pond; a medium sized area such as a forest; or a large area such as the earth itself.
3. Ecosystem is any geographic area that includes all of the organisms and nonliving parts of their physical environment.
4.
5.
6. •Abiotic – the non living factors of an ecosystem – geology, water and soils
•Producers or Autotrophs – organisms which manufacture their own food eg green plants make their own food using the sun’s energy
•Consumers or Heterotrophs - organisms that cannot make their own food – they must obtain energy from other animals and organisms
•Decomposers – organisms that break down other organisms (eg Bacteria)
7. An ecosystem is formed by the interactions between all living and non-living things. How do living and non-living things interact in an environment?
8.
9.
10. Arid deserts generally occur at low latitudes, and can be found in North-America, South-America, Africa, and Southern Asia. Seasons in the arid desert are generally dry and hot, with few occurrences of rain during the winter. The heat peaks to extremes during the daytime because there are no clouds to shield the earth from the sun's rays.
11. Forest Biomes represent the largest and most ecologically complex systems. They contain a wide assortment of trees, plants, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates, insects and micro-organisms which vary depending on the zone's climates. Sadly, rainforest biomes are being cut down at an alarming rate, with hundreds of species of plants and animals disappearing from the planet on a daily basis.
12. Grassland biomes are unaltered areas of land where grass is the dominant plant life, as opposed to other terrestrial biomes where trees occupy most of the land surface. Grassland are found around the globe and have served as grazing areas for a large number of animals, and have been exploited as farming grounds or plantations by humans.
13. Tundra, the "ice desert", "frozen prairie", the cold plains of the Far North get their name from the Finnish word "tunturia", which means treeless land. The tundra biome is the coldest of all terrestrial eco-systems, and also the most chaotic. Still, the tundra is host to a surprising number of plants and animals, and represents a fascinating testament to nature's adaptability, and cruel beauty.
14. The chaparral biome has flat plains, rocky hills and mountain slopes. Chaparral is characterized as being very hot and dry. Droughts are very common Most of the plants have small, hard leaves which hold moisture( Yucca and other shrubs, trees and cacti) The animals are all mainly grassland and desert types adapted to hot, dry weather (coyotes, jack rabbits, mule deer, alligator lizards, horned toads, praying mantis, honey bee and ladybugs).
15. Taiga, also known as coniferous or boreal forest, is the largest terrestrial biome on earth. It extends in a broad band across North America, Europe, and Asia to the southern border of the arctic tundra. It is also found at cool, high elevations in the more temperate latitudes, for example, in much of the mountainous western region of North America. Much of the taiga in North America was once covered with glaciers. As the glaciers receded, cuts and depressions were left in the landscape that have since filled with rain creating lakes and bogs.
16. The ocean holds the largest of Earth’s biomes. It covers 70% of the planet’s surface.
Life in the ocean is diverse.
The smallest creatures that call the ocean home are so tiny that they can only be seen with a microscope.
The largest creatures are blue whales, which can be as much as 34 meters (110 feet) long.
17. The temperate deciduous forest is a biome that is always changing.
It has four distinct seasons: winter, spring, summer and fall. Winters are cold and summers are warm.
Temperate deciduous forests get between 30 and 60 inches of precipitation a year. Precipitation in this biome happens year round. Because the soil is very fertile and hardwood trees are good for building, this biome has some of the world's largest population centers in it.
18. Ecosystem services are the goods and services derived from natural and managed ecosystems upon which human welfare depends. Because of the global intensification of land use, these services are declining, especially in agricultural ecosystems.
19. Ecosystem services are essential in maintaining human welfare as well as ecological integrity, yet these services can be affected by natural changes and management actions.
20. Lands used for agricultural purposes are significantly reduced due to rapid conversion of these lands from traditional farming use, to alternate farming practices, to urban development, and to non- agricultural use.
21. Natural Capital
Ecological Goods and Services Provided
Forests
Carbon sequestration, soil formation, waste treatment, biological control, cultural, air quality, flood control, recreation, raw material (timber), genetic resources
Grasslands, rangelands
Carbon sequestration, water regulation, erosion control, soil formation, waste treatment, pollination, biological control, food production
Wetlands
Disturbance regulation, water supply and treatment, carbon sequestration, food production, recreation, cultural habitat/refuge
Lakes, rivers, riparian (river banks) zones
Water supply, waste treatment, food production, recreation
Croplands
Food production, habitat/refuge, scenic
Undeveloped lands
Tourism
Source: The Value of Natural Capital in Settled Areas of Canada (Olewiler, 2004)
22. •Aims of Agriculture
–To obtain higher crop yield and increased animal production to feed the growing population
–To achieve sustainable production
•However, natural resources are limited!
23. •Ecosystems are NOT stationary
–Climate changes
–Nutrient depletion
–Other: diseases, pests, predators, etc
24. Crops
Cereal (grain): rice, wheat, corn, barley, millet
Vegetables: leafy vegetables, fruit vegetables , etc.
Root crops: sweet potato, cassava, potato
Legumes: soybean, mungbean, peanut
Fruit: many kinds (trees)
Fiber: cotton, hemp
Livestock
Grazing: cattle, sheep, goats and wool, leather, dairy animals, swine, chicken
Aquaculture: farming of fish (milkfish,tilapia, etc)
Harvesting of natural ecosystems
Fisheries
Fish
Shellfish
Seaweeds
Forests: timber, paper, natural products (resin, rubber)
25. 2006
自然科学の英語-ENS-L6
‘A given area of land can produce up to a certain limit’
•Limiting factors
–Land availability
–Physiological constraints
–Environmental factors
•Light
•Temperature
•Water
•Soil nutrients
–Pests and diseases
Productivity of agriculture
Green Revolution
Genetic improvement
Irrigation
Fertilizers
Chemical control
26.
27.
28. Climate change will affect negatively affect agriculture and will threaten the food security of millions of people especially the small-scale crop and animal producers and fishermen.
Climate change will affect availability of land, water and biodiversity.
Changes in temperature and rainfall, as well as more frequent extreme weather patterns, are expected to result in agriculture production shortfalls with negative impact on access to food.
29. 2006
•Exhaustion of nutrients
–Intensive cropping nutrient depletion
–Solutions
•Letting the land rest: land put aside to recover fertility
•Crop rotation using legumes (N2 fixation) = biofertilizers
•Add organic fertilizers
30. 2006
•Erosion = loss of soil
–Agents: wind and water
–Causes
•Excessive Tillages
– too much plowing unprotected land after cultivation (bare soil)
•Overgrazing by livestock
–animals/area > grassland carrying capacity
Excessive tillage + Overgrazing erosion desertification
31. 2006
soil loss > soil formation
–Land fertility decreases
–overgrazing
–deforestation
–Wind erosion
–Abandonment of the land
32. A majority of farmers depend upon rains for irrigation of their crops. Therefore, farmers have to use ground water for irrigation.
Population pressure on agriculture forces increasing use of ground water day by day. This results in depletion of water table.
33. URBANIZATION consumes FORESTS: In the past, forest loss was caused by logging and agriculture. Today, urbanization and industrialization are key factors. As cities and industrial areas expand, they consume land that is occupied by trees and natural vegetation. Sources: World Bank, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy (2011).
34. Unabated population growth continues to pose a formidable challenge to the loss in land productivity: as population pressure on land intensifies.
35. Annual losses in agricultural land translate into a rather persistent decline in the country’s capacity to feed its ever growing population. Such losses adversely affect both the economy and the environment.